Corrosion and Fatigue Resistance Study of Aluminum Bridge Deck

1996 ◽  
Vol 1541 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Kurt P. Thompson ◽  
B. Larry Shives ◽  
J. S. Snodgrass ◽  
C. A. Marks ◽  
R. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

Thousands of bridges on which the U.S. transportation system depends are in need of repair or replacement. Engineers are continually looking for materials that can significantly extend the lives of these structures. The use of lightweight materials such as aluminum could often avoid the cost of the replacement of the sound foundations and steel girders of bridges listed as structurally deficient. However, bridge engineers have not considered aluminum for use as a bridge material because of a lack of information on the in-service performance of existing aluminum bridges and a lack of knowledge about the metal's lower life-cycle costs compared with those of traditional materials. The reconfiguration of the Smithfield Bridge in downtown Pittsburgh from a mass transit–highway bridge to a highway-traffic bridge presented an opportunity for Reynolds Metals Company to analyze the corrosion and fatigue performance of the almost 30-year-old deck and the more than 60-year-old cross members. The results of the study indicate that aluminum is a viable material for bridge decks when it is properly designed into the application.

The Potential Impact of Utilizing Advanced Engine Technology for a Combat Capable Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV)

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg B. Bruening ◽  
James R. Snyder ◽  
Raymond E. Fredette
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
System Level ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicle ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Cost

This paper evaluates the potential impact of utilizing advanced engine technology for a limited life, combat capable, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) application. A study was conducted to define payoffs in terms of mission capability and system level life cycle costs (LCC) associated with implementing three different engine development approaches into a combat capable UAV design. The three different approaches considered were: a new, advanced technology engine; an existing (off-the-shelf) engine; and a derivative of an existing engine with limited technology insertion. A detailed vehicle configuration design was developed to conduct this assessment, including a low observable (LO), highly integrated engine/airframe layout for survivability and mission adaptable considerations. The vehicle is designed with multi-role mission capability such as suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD), close air support (CAS), and battlefield air interdiction (BAI). A system level performance comparison is assessed with the three different engine approaches, specifically for the SEAD-type mission. For the cost analysis, the multi-role mission capability is reflected in the overall assumptions such as in the number of aircraft needed to meet the mission requirements. A system level assessment such as in this study is essential in determining whether the additional costs associated with the development of a new, advanced engine is worth the investment. The results of this study suggest that advanced engine technology insertion can provide significant benefits in terms of mission range capability, vehicle weight/size, and overall life cycle costs versus an existing engine.

Improving Operational Availability of Gas Turbine Generators Aboard U.S. Navy DDG-51 Class Ships by Combining the Capabilities of the Integrated Condition Assessment System (ICAS) and the Generator Set’s Full Authority Digital Controller (FADC)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Russom ◽  
Russell A. Leinbach ◽  
Helen J. Kozuhowski ◽  
Dana D. Golden
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Digital Controller ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Generator Sets ◽  
The U.S

Operational availability of Gas Turbine Generator Sets (GTGs) aboard the U.S. Navy’s DDG 51 Class ships is being enhanced through the combined capabilities of the ship’s Integrated Condition Assessment System (ICAS) and the GTG’s Full Authority Digital Control (FADC). This paper describes the ICAS and FADC systems; their current capabilities and the vision of how those capabilities will evolve in order to improve equipment readiness and reduce life cycle costs.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and Life Cycle Costs of Overhead Catenary Heavy-Duty Trucks for Long-Haul Transportation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Mareev ◽  
Dirk Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Life

The overhead catenary truck is an interesting technology for long-haul transportation with heavy-duty trucks because it can combine the advantage of energy supply via catenary while driving and the flexibility of a battery truck on routes without catenary using the traction battery. This study investigates the energy consumptions of overhead catenary trucks on German highways and considers different configurations for the traction battery and catenary power system. Afterwards the life cycle costs of overhead catenary trucks are calculated for a specified long-haul transportation scenario and the results are compared to battery electric truck and diesel truck using the findings of a previous study by the authors. The energy consumption of the considered overhead catenary trucks is approximately equal to that of a battery electric truck but only about a half of the equivalent energy consumption of a conventional diesel truck. According to the cost assumptions in this study, the total life cycle costs of overhead catenary trucks can be in the range of the conventional diesel truck, showing the competitiveness of this alternative truck technology.

Hong Kong Metro's Traction Equipment: The Drive for Efficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
A D Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
Traction Equipment

This paper describes the evolution of the electric multiple unit traction equipment of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC). Traction energy efficiency is particularly important to the MTRC and has been improved by 46 per cent on the most recently supplied cars. The justification for the conversion of the existing camshaft cars to chopper control and the relative merits of different types of drives in MTRC's application are discussed. The utilization of energy, the method used to optimize coasting for energy saving, life-cycle costs and the design features of the gate turn-off thyristor chopper cars are described.

Comparative Assessment of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Life-Cycle Disposal Costs of U.S. Commercial Facilities

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bentz ◽  
C. B. Bentz ◽  
T. D. O’Hora
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Total Life

Abstract This paper provides a comparative assessment of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) life-cycle costs for U.S. commercial disposal facilities. This assessment includes both currently operational facilities and planned commercial facilities. After identifying the individual facility’s operational period, current or planned capacity, and historical disposal volumes (where applicable), the paper describes the respective facilities’ waste acceptance criteria, anticipated waste characteristics, and disposal technologies employed. A brief identification of key components of cost categories that constitute life-cycle cost for the disposal facilities is provided, as well as an identification of factors that affect life-cycle cost. A more specific comparison of certain life-cycle cost components for the disposal facilities is provided, with regard to U.S. LLW disposal volumes and characteristics. Similarities and differences in total life-cycle cost and life-cycle category-specific costs among the U.S. facilities are presented and discussed. The data presented reveals that: • No new LLW commercial disposal facilities have been sited in the U.S. since 1988, and that siting of LLW disposal facilities in the U.S. has become increasingly difficult and contentious, necessitating long lead times and significant up-front costs — without any certainty of success. • Overall, life-cycle costs for LLW disposal at U.S. commercial facilities have increased significantly over time, reflecting increased regulatory compliance requirements, state-imposed access fees and taxes, local community hosting incentive costs, and cost escalation inherent in delays in establishing facilities or modifying existing licensed facilities. • Life-cycle costs are also significantly affected by the nature of the engineered isolation technology employed, reflecting the geologic characteristics of the siting location and the activity levels of the wastes accepted. • Since many of the newly-planned facilities anticipate receiving lower total volumes with an increasingly greater percentage of higher activity wastes (than historical volumes disposed) and are to be sited in more ecologically sensitive geologic regions, they will require more comprehensive — and hence more expensive — engineered isolation technologies. As a result, currently planned facilities are anticipated to experience significantly higher total life-cycle costs than existing operational facilities.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Cost of a Building’s Life Cycle in a Probabilistic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
M. Rogalska ◽  
D. Szewczak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Life Planning ◽  
Pricing Factors ◽  
Building Components ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Probability Density Distributions ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIn the article the costs of alternative roofing techniques in the life cycle of the building were calculated. The calculations were made in accordance with ISO 15686-5 standard “Buildings and constructed assets – Service life planning – Part 5: Life-cycle costing”, using normative durability periods and minimum period of annual consumption of individual building elements to determine the durability of building components. The normative periods are valid in Poland in relation to the valuation of buildings. Probabilistic costs in the life cycle of ceramic, metal and bituminous coatings were analysed. The probability density distributions were assumed: beta for pricing factors and normal for the interest rate. Calculations were carried out for the periods of 100 years of operation of coverings, taking into account the costs of replacement and utilization. As a result of the calculations, the life cycle costs of alternative coatings with probabilities from 5 to 95% were obtained.

Design, Fabrication, Installation, and Operation of Titanium Seawater Piping Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 270-289
Author(s):  
Robert W. Erskine
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Marine Fouling ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Welding System ◽  
Naval Surface Warfare ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Commercial Equipment

For many years, the U.S. Navy fleet has experienced severe corrosion and erosion problems in copper nickel seawater piping systems. Since titanium is extremely resistant to corrosion and erosion, it has been viewed as a potential solution to these problems. However, certain concerns regarding shipboard use of titanium needed to be addressed: marine fouling, galvanic action with other metals, welding, system fabrication in a normal shipyard environment, testing, and life cycle costs. Over a three year period, Ingalls Shipbuilding division of Litton Industries and the Naval Surface Warfare Center, White Oak, worked with various commercial equipment suppliers to address these concerns. Partially because of the success of this project, it was decided to retrofit titanium systems aboard TARAWA Class LHAs and to specify same for the new LPD 17 Class ships.

Probabilistic Characterization of Life-Cycle Agency and User Costs: Case Study of Minnesota

2017 ◽  
Vol 2639 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Akbarian ◽  
Omar Swei ◽  
Randolph Kirchain ◽  
Jeremy Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
User Costs ◽  
Probabilistic Characterization ◽  
The Cost

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a commonly used approach by pavement engineers to compare the economic efficiency of alternative pavement design and maintenance strategies. Over the past two decades, the pavement community has augmented the LCCA framework used in practice by explicitly accounting for uncertainty in the decision-making process and incorporating life-cycle costs not only to the agency but also to the users of a facility. This study represents another step toward improving the LCCA process by focusing on methods to characterize the cost of relevant pay items for an LCCA as well as integrating costs accrued to users of a facility caused by pavement–vehicle interaction (PVI) and work zone delays. The developed model was implemented in a case study to quantify the potential implication of both of these components on the outcomes of an LCCA. Results from the construction cost analysis suggest that the proposed approaches in this paper lead to high-fidelity estimates that outperform current practice. Furthermore, results from the case study indicate that PVI can be a dominant contributor to total life-cycle costs and, therefore, should be incorporated in future LCCAs.

scholarly journals An Approach for Choosing the Cost Effective Design for a Product-Service System While Maintaining its Desired Reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3041-3050
Author(s):  
Jannik Alexander Schneider ◽  
Iryna Mozgova ◽  
Roland Lachmayer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Product Service System ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Product Costs

AbstractWith the spread of product-service systems as business models the life cycle costs are of increasing importance as a measurement of product cost. A key factor that drives these costs is the desired reliability of the products used to provide the service. Since the customer usually expects as uninterrupted service availability, it is imperative to achieve the the required reliability. Therefore a large variety of methods has been developed to maximize the reliability of a product. But these approaches focus on the maximization of the reliability and disregard the resulting product costs. This can lead to designs that over perform concerning their reliability requirements but also exceed their target costs. Which will result in the product-service system not being competitive in the marketplace or lowering the company's profit. This paper shows an approach on how to use markov chains to enable a quick comparison of life cycle costs from different product-service system designs With this it will be possible to make better informed decisions about the costs of a system while still meeting the reliability targets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document