A Scoping Review of Measures Assessing Gender Microaggressions Against Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-306
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Gartner ◽  
Paul R. Sterzing ◽  
Colleen M. Fisher ◽  
Michael R. Woodford ◽  
M. Killian Kinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

While considerable knowledge exists about blatant gender discrimination and violence targeting women, less is known about gender microaggressions. To understand gender microaggressions’ frequency, prevalence, and effects, researchers need robust quantitative measures. To advance gender microaggressions scholarship and support researchers’ efforts to identify high-quality measures, we conducted a psychometric scoping review. We identified 24 original, quantitative, multi-item measures designed to assess gender microaggressions or related constructs. Included measures needed at least one item assessing gender microaggressions and be used with adult women in the United States. Results indicated an increase in the number of measures including gender microaggressions’ items in recent years, with a major expansion in the number of named gender microaggressions’ measures. We found limited reporting of demographic information. Psychometric testing and characteristics varied across measures. While most ( n = 20) reported internal consistency reliability, only two-thirds ( n = 16) reported undergoing validity testing. When examining microaggressions named measures ( n = 10), we found inconsistent adherence to microaggressions’ theoretical and conceptual foundations. Substantial work remains to develop a “gold standard” measure that does not conflate subtle and blatant acts, assesses the full thematic range of gender microaggressions, and is psychometrically valid across different social contexts and diverse groups of women.

Content validity of the developmental care scale for neonates with CHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Burke ◽  
Elaine Miller ◽  
Tamilyn Bakas ◽  
David Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Care ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Expert Ratings

AbstractPurposeNeuroprotective developmental care is paramount for neonates with CHD. Although several developmental care scales exist, either they have not been psychometrically tested or were not designed for the needs of neonates with CHD. The purpose of this study is to describe item development and content validity testing of the developmental care scale for neonates with CHD, which measures five domains of the developmental care provided by bedside nurses to neonates in the cardiac ICU: sleep, pain and stress management, activities of daily living, family-centred care, and environment.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, items were developed based on clinical expertise and the core measures for developmental care. In this study, seven experts provided content validity ratings of items for total scale and subscale fit and relevance. A content validity index was used to determine item retention. Item modifications and additions were based on expert feedback.ResultsExpert ratings provided evidence of content validity on 24 of 53 items within the five domains of developmental care. A total of 24 items were deleted, and five items with low content validity ratings were retained, because of conceptual importance, and revised. An additional 11 items were added based on expert qualitative feedback.ConclusionsThis study provided evidence of content validity of the developmental care scale for neonates with CHD by researchers and bedside nurses caring for these neonates. Further psychometric testing is warranted to provide evidence of internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and to identify variables that influence quality of the developmental care.

Scoping Review of Economical, Efficient, and Effective Cultural Competency Measures

2020 ◽  
pp. 016327872091024
Author(s):  
Maria B. J. Chun ◽  
David S. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Validity Testing

Identifying practical and effective tools to evaluate the efficacy of cultural competency (cc) training in medicine continues to be a challenge. Multiple measures of various lengths and stages of psychometric testing exist, but none have emerged as a “gold standard.” This review attempts to identify cc measures with potential to economically, efficiently, and effectively provide insight regarding the value of cc training efforts to make it easier for wider audience utilization. A scoping review of 11 online reference databases/search engines initially yielded 9,626 items mentioning cc measures. After the initial review, focus was placed on measures that assessed cultural competence of medical students, residents, and/or attending physicians. Six measures were identified and reviewed: (1) Cross-Cultural Care Survey, (2) Cultural Competence Health Practitioner Assessment, (3) Cultural Humility Scale, (4) Health Beliefs Attitudes Survey, (5) Tool for Assessing Cultural Competency Training, and (6) the Tucker-Culturally Sensitive Health-Care Provider Inventory. Relevant literature documenting use and current psychometric assessments for each measure were noted. Each measure was found to be of value for its particular purpose but needs more strenuous reliability and validity testing. A commitment to include psychometric assessments should be an expected part of studies utilizing these measures.

Psychometric Testing of the Sidani and Doran Therapeutic Self-Care Scale in a Home Health Care Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela A. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Home Health Care ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Nursing Outcomes ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background and Purpose: Self-care is a central goal of home health (HH) nursing care. The study purpose was to assess psychometric performance of the Therapeutic Self-Care Scale (TSCS) in a U.S. HH population. Methods: TSCS reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest analyses (n = 59). Convergent validity testing and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed. Results: After elimination of 2 items, internal consistency reliability was acceptable (α = .804) and test–retest reliability was high (intraclass correlation = .94; p < .001). Convergent validity analyses were inconclusive. PCA found 2 underlying dimensions consistent with a conceptual difference between self-care and self-management. Conclusions: A valid, reliable measure of self-care/management would be useful for measurement of HH nursing outcomes. The TSCS holds promise but needs further refinement before it can serve this purpose.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity among College Students in the United States: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra J Nikolaus ◽  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Brenna Ellison ◽  
Sharon M Nickols-Richardson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Study Characteristics

ABSTRACT Reports of college students experiencing food insecurity (FI), defined as inadequate access, availability, adequacy, and stability of food, have sparked national calls for alleviation and prevention policies. However, there are a wide variety of FI rates reported across studies and even among recent literature reviews. The current scoping review aimed to develop a weighted estimated prevalence of FI among US students using a comprehensive search approach. In addition, study characteristics that may be related to the high variability in reported FI prevalence were explored. To address these aims, the peer-reviewed and gray literature on US college student FI was systematically searched to identify 12,044 nonduplicated records. A total of 51 study samples, across 62 records, met inclusion criteria and were included in the current review. The quality of the included studies was moderate, with an average rate of 6.4 on a scale of 0–10. Convenience (45%) and census (30%) sampling approaches were common; only 4 study samples were based on representative sampling strategies. FI estimates ranged from 10% to 75%. It was common for very low security to be as prevalent as, or more prevalent than, low food security. The surveying protocols used in the studies were related to the FI estimates. The USDA Short Form Food Security Survey Module (FSSM; 50%) and the USDA Adult FSSM (40%) prevalence estimates were larger than for the full USDA Household FSSM (13%). When these surveys referenced a 12-mo period, FI estimates were 31%. This was a lower FI estimate than surveys using reference periods of 9 mo or shorter (47%). The results indicate that FI is a pressing issue among college students, but the variation in prevalence produced by differing surveys suggests that students may be misclassified with current surveying methods. Psychometric testing of these surveys when used with college students is warranted.

The Use of Digital Clinical Trial Methods in the Evaluation of Digital Therapeutics: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Hirsch ◽  
Mahip Grewal ◽  
Anthony James Martorell ◽  
Brian Michael Iacoviello
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Trial Research ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Clinical Trial Methods

BACKGROUND Digital Therapeutics (DTx) provide evidence based therapeutic health interventions that have been clinically validated to deliver therapeutic outcomes, such that the software is the treatment. Digital methodologies are increasingly adopted to conduct clinical trials due to advantages they provide including increases in efficiency and decreases in trial costs. Digital therapeutics are digital by design and can leverage the potential of digital and remote clinical trial methods. OBJECTIVE The principal purpose of this scoping review is to review the literature to determine whether digital technologies are being used in DTx clinical research, which type are being used and whether publications are noting any advantages to their use. As DTx development is an emerging field there are likely gaps in the knowledge base regarding DTx and clinical trials, and the purpose of this review is to illuminate those gaps. A secondary purpose is to consider questions which emerged during the review process including whether fully remote digital clinical research is appropriate for all health conditions and whether digital clinical trial methods are inline with the principles of Good Clinical Practice. METHODS 1,326 records were identified by searching research databases and 1,227 reviewed at the full-article level in order to determine if they were appropriate for inclusion. Confirmation of clinical trial status, use of digital clinical research methods and digital therapeutic status as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in order to determine relevant articles. Digital methods employed in DTx research were extracted from each article and these data were synthesized in order to determine which digital methods are currently used in clinical trial research. RESULTS After applying our criteria for scoping review inclusion, 11 articles were identified. All articles used at least one form of digital clinical research methodology enabling an element of remote research. The most commonly used digital methods are those related to recruitment, enrollment and the assessment of outcomes. A small number of articles reported using other methods such as online compensation (n = 3), or digital reminders for participants (n = 5). The majority of digital therapeutics clinical research using digital methods is conducted in the United States and increasing number of articles using digital methods are published each year. CONCLUSIONS Digital methods are used in clinical trial research evaluating DTx, though not frequently as evidenced by the low proportion of articles included in this review. Fully remote clinical trial research is not yet the standard, more frequently authors are using partially remote methods. Additionally, there is tremendous variability in the level of detail describing digital methods within the literature. As digital technologies continue to advance and the clinical research DTx literature matures, digital methods which facilitate remote research may be used more frequently.

scholarly journals The History of Adversity and Collective Strength of Individuals of Mexican Ancestry in the United States: A Scoping Literature Review and Emerging Conceptual Framework

Genealogy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Araceli Orozco-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Trauma Narratives ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Knowledge

Recently, Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) have encountered an escalation in adverse social conditions and trauma events in the United States. For individuals of Mexican ancestry in the United States (IMA-US), these recent events represent the latest chapter in their history of adversity: a history that can help us understand their social and health disparities. This paper utilized a scoping review to provide a historical and interdisciplinary perspective on discussions of mental health and substance use disorders relevant to IMA-US. The scoping review process yielded 16 peer reviewed sources from various disciplines, published from 1998 through 2018. Major themes included historically traumatic events, inter-generational responses to historical trauma, and vehicles of transmission of trauma narratives. Recommendations for healing from historical and contemporary oppression are discussed. This review expands the clinical baseline knowledge relevant to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of contemporary traumatic exposures for IMA-US.

scholarly journals Learning health systems in primary care: a systematic scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Nash ◽  
Zohra Bhimani ◽  
Jennifer Rayner ◽  
Merrick Zwarenstein
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Learning health systems have been gaining traction over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to understand the spread of learning health systems in primary care, including where they have been implemented, how they are operating, and potential challenges and solutions. Methods We completed a scoping review by systematically searching OVID Medline®, Embase®, IEEE Xplore®, and reviewing specific journals from 2007 to 2020. We also completed a Google search to identify gray literature. Results We reviewed 1924 articles through our database search and 51 articles from other sources, from which we identified 21 unique learning health systems based on 62 data sources. Only one of these learning health systems was implemented exclusively in a primary care setting, where all others were integrated health systems or networks that also included other care settings. Eighteen of the 21 were in the United States. Examples of how these learning health systems were being used included real-time clinical surveillance, quality improvement initiatives, pragmatic trials at the point of care, and decision support. Many challenges and potential solutions were identified regarding data, sustainability, promoting a learning culture, prioritization processes, involvement of community, and balancing quality improvement versus research. Conclusions We identified 21 learning health systems, which all appear at an early stage of development, and only one was primary care only. We summarized and provided examples of integrated health systems and data networks that can be considered early models in the growing global movement to advance learning health systems in primary care.

scholarly journals Health Inequalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7739
Author(s):  
Miriam Blume ◽  
Petra Rattay ◽  
Stephanie Hoffmann ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Lydia Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Scoping Reviews

This scoping review systematically mapped evidence of the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents (6–18 years) in countries with developed economies in Europe and North America. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Of the 12,403 records initially identified, 50 articles were included in the synthesis. The included studies were conducted in the United States (n = 27), Europe (n = 18), Canada (n = 3), or in multiple countries combined (n = 2). We found that mental health was the most frequently assessed health outcome. The included studies reported that different family characteristics mediated or moderated health inequalities. Parental mental health, parenting practices, and parent-child-relationships were most frequently examined, and were found to be important mediating or moderating factors. In addition, family conflict and distress were relevant family characteristics. Future research should integrate additional health outcomes besides mental health, and attempt to integrate the complexity of families. The family characteristics identified in this review represent potential starting points for reducing health inequalities in childhood and adolescence.

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