Community Psychiatry — A Hard Look at Feasibility toward a Socioanalytic Understanding

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Psychiatry ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
Object Relatedness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Community Psychiatrist

This paper has reviewed the concept of community transference and has discussed its relation with the use of illusory phenomena in alleviating the discomfort of maintaining object-relatedness (23), and with nonpathological paranoia as a practically universal phenomenon of human groups (19-21). The importance of community transference in contemporary psychiatry is discussed and its challenge is described to the community psychiatrist who aspires to a clearer definition of his professional role. Training programs for community mental health personnel are proposed as a pragmatic response to a call for effective parsimonious services, and as a plausible alternative to woolly notions of the large scale prevent-ability of mental illness.

scholarly journals Die rol van die gemeenskapsverpleegkundige in die voorkoming en hantering van geestesongesteldheid

Curationis ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Community Nurse ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Definition Of

A definition of community nursing was given, and the following roles of the community nurse was briefly described: - A provider for primary health care. - A provider of personal health care to non-hospital patients. - A n advisor. - A n observer. The special skills that a community nurse must have was also briefly discussed. The role of the community nurse in the handling and prevention of mental illness at the three levels of prevention was discussed, and criteria for the measurement of mental health was highlighted.

scholarly journals Residential green space in childhood is associated with lower risk of psychiatric disorders from adolescence into adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 5188-5193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Engemann ◽  
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen ◽  
Lars Arge ◽  
Constantinos Tsirogiannis ◽  
Preben Bo Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Parental History

Urban residence is associated with a higher risk of some psychiatric disorders, but the underlying drivers remain unknown. There is increasing evidence that the level of exposure to natural environments impacts mental health, but few large-scale epidemiological studies have assessed the general existence and importance of such associations. Here, we investigate the prospective association between green space and mental health in the Danish population. Green space presence was assessed at the individual level using high-resolution satellite data to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index within a 210 × 210 m square around each person’s place of residence (∼1 million people) from birth to the age of 10. We show that high levels of green space presence during childhood are associated with lower risk of a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders later in life. Risk for subsequent mental illness for those who lived with the lowest level of green space during childhood was up to 55% higher across various disorders compared with those who lived with the highest level of green space. The association remained even after adjusting for urbanization, socioeconomic factors, parental history of mental illness, and parental age. Stronger association of cumulative green space presence during childhood compared with single-year green space presence suggests that presence throughout childhood is important. Our results show that green space during childhood is associated with better mental health, supporting efforts to better integrate natural environments into urban planning and childhood life.

Australia’s economic transition, unemployment, suicide and mental health needs

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Myles ◽  
Matthew Large ◽  
Hannah Myles ◽  
Robert Adams ◽  
Dennis Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Public Mental Health Care ◽  
The Impact

Objective: There have been substantial changes in workforce and employment patterns in Australia over the past 50 years as a result of economic globalisation. This has resulted in substantial reduction in employment in the manufacturing industry often with large-scale job losses in concentrated sectors and communities. Large-scale job loss events receive significant community attention. To what extent these mass unemployment events contribute to increased psychological distress, mental illness and suicide in affected individuals warrants further consideration. Methods: Here we undertake a narrative review of published job loss literature. We discuss the impact that large-scale job loss events in the manufacturing sector may have on population mental health, with particular reference to contemporary trends in the Australian economy. We also provide a commentary on the expected outcomes of future job loss events in this context and the implications for Australian public mental health care services. Results and conclusion: Job loss due to plant closure results in a doubling of psychological distress that peaks 9 months following the unemployment event. The link between job loss and increased rates of mental illness and suicide is less clear. The threat of impending job loss and the social context in which job loss occurs has a significant bearing on psychological outcomes. The implications for Australian public mental health services are discussed.

Community psychiatry in Europe: assessment and evaluation

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
David Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
European Country ◽  
Community Psychiatry ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
New Treatments

It is tempting to suppose that changes in the mental illness service in one's own part of Europe are taking place elsewhere as well. The asylum era is drawing to a close, and politicians everywhere are closing mental illness beds in order to re-distribute health costs in order to pay for new treatments needing expensive technology, as well as to allow for the needs of a population that is now living longer.In an attempt to become independent of official figures, key figures with a reputation for epidemiological psychiatry were approached in each European country, and asked to complete a brief questionnaire describing the mental health services in their country. Whether this method produces figures that are more or less accurate than official government figures is a question that cannot be addressed at present.

Mental Health in an Indian Rural Community

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (546) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Elnagar ◽  
Promila Maitra ◽  
M. N. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

The difficulties of organizing mental health services in developing countries are made all the greater by inadequacy of information about the extent of illness and disability. Some beginnings have been made in India, particularly under the sponsorship of the All India Institute of Mental Health, Bangalore. The Mental Health Advisory Committee of the Government of India (1966) suggested a probable prevalence of mental illness of 20 per 1,000 population in general, 18 per mille for semi-rural and 14 per mille for rural areas. These figures are much lower than the 72 per 1,000 suggested by Sethi et al. (1967). Ganguli (1968) estimated a prevalence rate of 140 per 1,000 in industrial workers near Delhi. Incidence rates have been much less studied than prevalences (Lin and Standley, 1962). A WHO Expert Committee on mental health convened in 1960 suggested as a working definition of a case of mental illness:

The Gravely Inadequate Definition of a “Mentally Ill Person” in the Mental Health Act (New South Wales) 1983

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Durham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
New South ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Definition Of

The definition, given in Section 5 of the new Act, of a “mentally ill person” is examined. It is argued that this “definition” is cumbersome, logically incoherent, and impractical. It is predicted that if given effect it will have very unwelcome consequences. Various sources of inherent misunderstanding and uncertainty are noted. Arguments are presented for allowing severe mental illness itself rather than its consequences to be the ground for involuntary hospitalization in certain circumstances. Various suggestions are proposed for the Section's amendment. These fall into two categories, depending upon alternative assumptions: (1) minor improvements, upon the pessimistic assumption that the main structure and content of the definition will be retained; (2) more radical amendment, involving the abandonment of the entire present structure of the section, and the adoption of a working definition of “mental illness” with clear safeguards against error and abuse. The nature and requirements of such a definition are discussed.

Building on mental health training for law enforcement: strengthening community partnerships

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorien Campbell ◽  
Cyrus Ahalt ◽  
Randall Hagar ◽  
William Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
Crisis Intervention Team ◽  
Law Enforcement Training ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the current state of law enforcement training related to the high number of interactions with persons with mental illness, and to recommend next steps in preparing law enforcement to effectively meet this challenge. Design/methodology/approach The authors reviewed the current literature on relevant law enforcement training programs, focusing primarily on crisis intervention team (CIT) training, and used the case example of California to identify opportunities to improve and enhance law enforcement preparedness for the challenge of responding to persons with mental illness. Findings Broad-based community partnerships working together to develop programs that meet the local needs of both those with mental illness and law enforcement, the availability of mental health treatment centers with no-refusal policies, and a coordinating person or agency to effectively liaise among stakeholders are critical enhancements to CIT training. Originality/value As increasing attention is paid to adverse interactions between police and vulnerable populations, this paper identifies policies that would build on existing training programs to improve police responses to persons with mental illness.

Accomplishing Team: Teamwork and Categorisation in Two Community Mental Health Teams

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Definition Of

This paper describes the social organisation of two newly-formed community mental health teams, examining their differing relationship with team psychiatrists and the resulting constitution of team activities. Different ways of accomplishing ‘team’ had consequences for the ways mental illness was categorised and the target population for services was framed. The attendance or non-attendance of psychiatrists at team meetings, and the framing of meetings as ‘allocation’ or ‘review’, critically affected the nature of teamwork. One team took advantage of the absence of the psychiatrist to resist the bureaucratic framing of its task as ‘allocation’, and gained some autonomy by delaying acceptance of ‘inappropriate’ patients onto caseloads. The second team met regularly with its psychiatrist and was allowed a voice in the ‘review’ of cases, but discussions and decisions fell largely under the control of the dominant professional. Transcripts of team meetings are analyzed to show how the two teams develop divergent discursive repertoires, which are then deployed in the categorisation of patients. The team who meet without the psychiatrist attempt to control their workload by developing a relatively exclusionary definition of serious mental illness which excludes the ‘worried well’, while the other team take a more inclusive approach.

scholarly journals Australian Sojourn

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Community Psychiatry ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Mental Health Clinics ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Community Mental Health Clinics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

Community psychiatry means different things to different people. Since the 1970s the American model of community psychiatry based on mental health clinics has attracted heavy criticism, whilst the UK concept of rooting community psychiatric services firmly within primary health care has gained increasing support. The need for community-orientated psychiatric services is generally agreed upon but definition of community and the mode of delivery are not. In Australia both free and private health care are available; community health centres and community mental health clinics exist (sometimes literally) side by side.

Psychotherapy Outcome Research in Child Psychiatric Disorders

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Outcome Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Objective: To compile, review, and comment upon the application of psychotherapy to the treatment of psychiatric disorders first appearing in childhood and adolescence. Method: Representative research papers published over the past 4 decades on the subject of psychotherapy of children and adolescents were compiled. Selection for inclusion in this review was based upon salience to the subject of treatment of child psychiatric disorders. Special consideration was given to large-scale and metaanalytic studies, as well as to studies comparing psychotherapy with other forms of treatment. Results: There is mixed evidence for the efficacy of psychotherapy for child psychiatric disorders. There are few direct comparisons between treatment modalities in the child psychiatric literature. Methodological problems include a history of theoretical development of therapies without reference to current conceptions of mental illness, a paucity of direct comparisons among psychotherapies and between psychotherapy and other psychiatric treatments, inconsistent definition of psychotherapy from study to study, and inconsistency in stated outcome measures. In general, cognitive–behavioural therapies performed better in application to child psychiatric disorders than did insight-oriented therapies. Conclusions: Outcome research in child-oriented psychotherapy is still in its infancy. There are simply too few studies of many therapies and many conditions to draw firm conclusions about efficacy. More work is needed in matching discrete, consistently applied therapies to selected psychiatric pathologies. Questions regarding psychotherapy's potential application to prevention of mental illness and to management of distress surrounding mental illness (as distinct from treatment of the illness itself) remain to be answered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document