Relationships between Premorbid Personalities and Unipolar Depressions

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hays
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
Etiological Agents

One hundred and fifty consecutive patients with unipolar psychotic (“endogenous”) depression were investigated to illuminate any relationships existing between premorbid personality traits and the development of depressive illness. In some cases personality and psychological stress appeared to combine to produce depression, while in others physical stresses appeared to be the principal etiological agents, and to operate in the absence of personality and psychological factors. The contribution of these different factors to causation are discussed and explored.

Premorbid Personality Traits in Alzheimer's Disease: Do They Predispose to Noncognitive Behavioral Symptoms?

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Meins ◽  
Andrea Frey ◽  
Rüdiger Thiesemann
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Noncognitive Symptoms ◽  
Low Frustration Tolerance

The purpose of this study was to examine whether premorbid personality traits predispose to noncognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Munich Personality Test was used to evaluate caregivers' perception of personality prior to symptom onset in 56 outpatients with probable AD. Caregivers also completed the “mood” and “disturbed behavior” scales of the Nurses' Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients. A neuropsychiatrist rated depressive symptoms on the Cornell Scale for Depression and the occurrence of personality change in four domains according to ICD-10. Under statistical control of confounding variables, results showed a moderate association between (high) premorbid neuroticism, subsequent troublesome behavior, and personality change, on the one hand, and (low) frustration tolerance and depression, on the other. Premorbid personality traits may indeed predispose to subsequent noncognitive symptoms in AD.

scholarly journals Influence of Psychological Stress on Periodontal Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Larissa Marques Storto Soares ◽  
Ana Emilia Farias Pontes ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Bello Corrêa ◽  
Cleverton Corrêa Rabelo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Psychosocial Factor ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The association between periodontal disease and stress has been questioned for a almost a century, however, it still represents an unexplored field of research with several orphaned questions of conclusive answers. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and stress. Methodology: Searches were performed with descriptors related to periodontal diseases and psychological factors in the following databases: Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs. Were identified and included studies that deal with the relationship between stress and periodontal disease and /or that emphasize the role of this psychosocial factor in the progression of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Most studies have shown a positive relationship between periodontal disease and stress, however, further research needs to be developed to confirm stress as a risk factor for periodontal disease

Why Do the Myths Persist?

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Mark Robert Rank ◽  
Lawrence M. Eppard ◽  
Heather E. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

Chapter 19 reviews why, despite strong evidence to the contrary, the poverty myths continue to exist. Two sets of factors are examined—psychologically based factors and sociologically based factors. Psychological factors include particular personality traits, system justification, the use of stereotypes, confirmation bias, and attribution errors. Sociological factors include an understanding of who in society benefits from the existence of these myths. They include political actors, the affluent, and society as a whole. Summoning a newfound willingness to interrogate the role of individualism and meritocracy in shaping our attitudes toward each other and the distribution of resources is likely to prove especially difficult. Changing the paradigm toward one based on fact and reality moves us closer to effectively addressing and alleviating poverty.

Endogenous Features of Depression in Women

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rosenthal Saul ◽  
L. Klerman Gerald
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Classical Pattern ◽  
A Prospective Study

This was a retrospective study in which 50 hospitalized depressed women were rated on 25 items of symptomatology and these items were then subjected to factor analysis. Five factors were extracted and attention was focused on the first factor. Items which loaded heavily on this factor included insomnia, especially in the middle of the night and early morning, severity of depressed mood and global severity of illness, retardation, guilt and self-reproach, weight loss, delusional symptoms, visceral symptoms, agitation, and loss of interest. The symptoms and signs which loaded heavily thus fit the classical pattern of endogenous depression. The patients were scored on this factor and these factor scores were then correlated with the patients' ratings on premorbid personality, personal history, and evidence of apparent precipitant, items which were independent of the factor analysis. The factor scores were found to correlate negatively with presence of apparent precipitants and negatively with hysterical character. The distribution curve of factor scores suggested a distinct group of patients in a hump at the end of the curve. Corresponding factors in other studies were shown to approximately reproduce the items loading on this factor. When applied to our patients these factors produced factor scores which correlated highly with our factor scores and selected the patients in substantially the same distribution. We are currently engaged in investigating the characteristics of our endogenous group of patients to determine how they differ from the remainder of our population. We expect the current studies to lead to a prospective study in which we will take up problems of rater reliability and study a larger patient sample.

scholarly journals Personality Traits and Motivation as Factors Associated with Symptoms of Problematic Binge-Watching

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5810
Author(s):  
Jolanta Starosta ◽  
Bernadetta Izydorczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Internet Streaming ◽  
New Form

Advance in new technologies has created a new form of consuming television. Binge-watching can be highly entertaining behavior, but its excessive forms could lead to development of risk of addiction. The aim of the study was to identify psychological factors associated with symptoms of problematic binge-watching and to establish on what devices and platforms young people tend to binge-watch. The results of the study indicate that Polish university students usually binge-watch on laptops and smartphones by using the Internet—streaming platforms or other websites. Low Conscientiousness was the strongest variable related to symptoms of binge-watching from all the personality traits. Furthermore, results show that there is a significant relationship between low Agreeableness, low Emotional Stability, low Intellect and problematic binge-watching. Moreover, escape motivation was the strongest factor from all motivational variables.

A Controlled Comparative Trial of a New Antidepressant, Ciclazindol

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Levine
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rate Of Response

The author describes a controlled, double-blind, comparative trial of a new tetracyclic compound, ciclazindol (WY 23409), against amitriptyline in the treatment of thirty-five patients admitted to hospital with depressive illness. Each patient was randomly allocated to three weeks treatment with either 50 mg b.d. ciclazindol or 50 mg b.d. amitriptyline. In the event of a poor response the dose level was raised to 75 mg b.d. Separation of cases of endogenous depression and severity of depression were assessed by the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire, a self-rating technique. Severity of depression was also assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale. No significant difference was noted between the drugs in either the degree or the rate of response nor when the endogenous cases alone were studied. The interesting observation was made that only one-third of ciclazindol patients gained weight compared to almost three-quarters of the amitriptyline group and the mean weight gain of the latter was over double that of the ciclazindol group. The author concludes that ciclazindol offers promise and merits further study using higher dosage levels once its full safety trials have been completed.

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