Trouble Panique et Alcoolisme: Influence de la Comorbidité

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Chignon ◽  
J.P. Lépine
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Both epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of panic disorder among alcoholic patients. In contrast, little attention has been given to studying alcohol abuse and/or dependence in patients suffering from panic disorder. One hundred and fifty-five consecutive referrals for treatment for panic disorder were interviewed using a modified version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—Lifetime Version, modified for the study of anxiety disorders. Thirty-two patients (20.7%) had a lifetime history of alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Although the lifetime comorbidity rate of either agoraphobia and/or social phobia seems without any influence on the risk of alcohol-related disorder, alcoholic patients suffering from panic disorder appear to be more likely to have a history of depression and other addictive disorders. The majority of patients with primary alcoholism were male, and those who became alcoholics after they developed panic disorder were more likely to be female. The comparison between patients with primary and secondary alcoholism did not indicate any difference in the comorbidity rate with other psychiatric disorders nor the severity of panic disorder.

Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan A Baloch ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 136 references.

Lifetime History of Depression Predicts Increased Beta-Amyloid Accumulation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. S147-S150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ku Chung ◽  
Eric Plitman ◽  
Shinichiro Nakajima ◽  
Tiffany W. Chow ◽  
Mallar Chakravarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Amyloid Accumulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Diurnal Rhythms and Symptom Severity in Panic Disorder

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilla F. Geraci ◽  
Thomas W. Uhde
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Or History

Diurnal changes in the frequency of panic attacks and symptoms of generalised anxiety, phobic anxiety and phobic avoidance in 34 panic-disorder patients and 40 normal controls were evaluated. The panic-disorder patients had significant diurnal changes in generalised and phobic anxiety, but not phobic avoidance. Increased severity of symptoms and prominent diurnal changes were most evident in the panic-disorder patients with a history of depression. Although panic attacks were distributed throughout the 24–hour period, patients with a current episode or history of depression tended to have more frequent panic attacks in the morning or early afternoon. These observations challenge the traditional belief that ‘anxious neurotic’ patients are relatively asymptomatic upon awakening in the morning and then develop more severe symptoms of anxiety later in the day.

Mood Disorders

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan A Baloch ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 135 references.

scholarly journals Familial risk for distress and fear disorders and emotional reactivity in adolescence: an event-related potential investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Nelson ◽  
G. Perlman ◽  
G. Hajcak ◽  
D. N. Klein ◽  
R. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundThe late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential component that is sensitive to the motivational salience of stimuli. Children with a parental history of depression, an indicator of risk, have been found to exhibit an attenuated LPP to emotional stimuli. Research on depressive and anxiety disorders has organized these conditions into two empirical classes: distress and fear disorders. The present study examined whether parental history of distress and fear disorders was associated with the LPP to emotional stimuli in a large sample of adolescent girls.MethodThe sample of 550 girls (ages 13.5–15.5 years) with no lifetime history of depression completed an emotional picture-viewing task and the LPP was measured in response to neutral, pleasant and unpleasant pictures. Parental lifetime history of psychopathology was determined via a semi-structured diagnostic interview with a biological parent, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to model distress and fear dimensions.ResultsParental distress risk was associated with an attenuated LPP to all stimuli. In contrast, parental fear risk was associated with an enhanced LPP to unpleasant pictures but was unrelated to the LPP to neutral and pleasant pictures. Furthermore, these results were independent of the adolescent girls’ current depression and anxiety symptoms and pubertal status.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that familial risk for distress and fear disorders may have unique profiles in terms of electrocortical measures of emotional information processing. This study is also one of the first to investigate emotional/motivational processes underlying the distress and fear disorder dimensions.

Is early separation anxiety a specific precursor of panic disorder–agoraphobia? a community study

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Silove ◽  
M. Harris ◽  
A. Morgan ◽  
P. Boyce ◽  
V. Manicavasagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Neurotic Disorder ◽  
Early Separation ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of

SynopsisThe present study aimed to examine memories of early separation anxiety symptoms in a community sample of women at heightened risk to neurotic disorder. The chief finding was that subjects with a lifetime history of panic disorder–agoraphobia (PD–Ag) returned statistically higher scores on a retrospective measure of early separation anxiety compared to subjects with either generalized anxiety or other phobic disorders, a result which was not accounted for by differences in neuroticism or General Health Questionnaire scores. Although limited by its retrospective design and the problem of co-morbidity in subclassifying the anxiety disorders, the present study does provide added support for the hypothesis – endorsed by DSM-III-R – that there is a developmental link between early separation anxiety and panic disorder.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric morbidity in focal epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia J. Adams ◽  
Terence J. O'Brien ◽  
John Lloyd ◽  
Christine J. Kilpatrick ◽  
Michael R. Salzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundPrevious work has identified elevated prevalence rates for psychiatric disorders in individuals with medically refractory focal epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. Many studies were undertaken before the advent of video electroencephalogram monitoring (VEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).AimsTo investigate which characteristics of the focal epilepsy syndromes are associated with the presence of depression or psychosis.MethodThree hundred and nineteen individuals with focal epilepsy admitted for VEM were seen over an 11-year period. The lifetime history of depression and psychosis, epileptic site, laterality and type of lesion were determined by clinical assessment, VEM and MRI scan.ResultsThere was a significant association between the prevalence of depressive symptoms and non-lesional focal epilepsy. There were no significant differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders between the groups with temporal lobe epilepsy and those with extratemporal lobe epilepsy.ConclusionsThese findings contrast with previous findings in smaller cohorts. The association between non-lesional focal epilepsy and depression may be due to the effects of a more diffuse epileptogenic area.

The role of self-compassion in lifetime history of depression: A study in Portuguese pregnant women

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S416-S417
Author(s):  
E. Bento ◽  
S. Xavier ◽  
J. Azevedo ◽  
M. Marques ◽  
M.J. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
History Of Depression

IntroductionAlthough self-compassion has been pointed as an effective strategy for coping with depression, there are not any studies investigating its association with lifetime history of depression (LTHD).ObjectiveTo compare self-compassion levels in pregnant women with vs. without LTHD and to analyze if self-compassion dimensions are significant predictors of LTHD.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women with a mean age of 33 years (±4.785) in their second trimester of pregnancy completed the Self Compassion Scale validated for pregnancy (SCS; Bento et al., 2015) and a new self-report questionnaire to evaluate the presence of LTHD according to DSM-5 criteria for depression.ResultsNinety-seven (23.0%) women had LTHD. Bisserial Spearmen correlations between LTHD and SCS total score were significant, negative and moderate (r = –0.31). SCS subscales, except Common Humanity, showed significant correlations: Self-Kindness/SK (r = –0.130), self-judgement (SJ) (0.313), isolation (0.357), mindfulness (r = –0.102), over-identification (OI) (r = 0.393). Independent sample t tests revealed that women with vs. without LTHD had significantly lower levels of total SCS, SK and Mindfulness scores and higher levels of SJ, Isolation and OI.Logistic regression (assumptions were fulfilled, Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007) showed that the SCS explained 26.7%–43.6% of the LTHD variance and correctly classified 86.9%; the odds ratio (OR) was.865 (95% CI 0.834–0.898; P < 0.001). The model composed by the correlated dimensions explained 15.9%–24.0% and correctly classified 80.6%. Odds ratios: SK = 0.017; SJ = 0.021; isolation = 16.027; mindfulness = 0.167 and OI = 20.178 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsSelf-compassion, specifically the ability to treat oneself with care and understanding and to be aware and accepting one's present-moment experiences, decrease the probability of having LTHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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