Conduct Disorder and Substance use Dlsorder: Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of Preadolescents and Adolescents

Objective To examine the rate of comorbidity between conduct disorder and substance use disorder in a clinical sample using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents - Revised. Method Examined the pattern of conduct disorder symptoms, including type, number, and severity, in conduct-disordered youth diagnosed with, and without a comorbid substance use disorder. Results The examination revealed no significant differences in the incidence of comorbidity between younger (aged 10 to 13) and older (above age 13) youth. Among youth who met criteria for conduct disorder, 52% also met criteria for a substance use disorder. Odds ratios indicated that the probability of comorbidity of conduct and substance use disorders was higher in the younger group. Conclusion Substance abuse and dependence tend to develop rapidly following first use, suggesting that a slim window of opportunity exists to prevent substance disorders once drug use has begun.

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Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054716629217 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 1438-1453 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sharlene Kaye ◽

Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga ◽

Geurt van de Glind ◽

Frances R. Levin ◽

Stephen V. Faraone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Childhood Adhd ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

History Of ◽

Treatment Seekers

Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% ( n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.

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Correlates of Youth Suicide Attempters in Australian Community and Clinical Samples

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01179.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 286-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gregory L. Carter ◽

Cathy Issakidis ◽

Kerrie Clover

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Community Control ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Health Related

Objective: This study (i) explores differences between a clinical sample of deliberate selfpoisoning (DSP) patients and a community sample who reported previous attempted suicide (AS); and (ii) examines correlates of suicidal behaviour in these groups compared with a community control group (CC) with no suicidal behaviour. Method: The study design was: case–case, case–control and cross-sectional population studies. A clinical sample of DSP (n = 51), a community sample of AS (n = 31) and a community sample with no suicidal behaviour (n = 842) were used, all aged 18–24 years. The DSP and AS groups were compared on several variables and two logistic regression models were developed for risk of (i) DSP and (ii) AS compared to community controls. Results: The adjusted odds ratios for DSP were: female gender (OR = 5.7, CI = 1.7–19.4), anxiety (OR = 7.4, CI = 2.2–25.1), affective (OR = 23.0, CI = 6.9–76.5), or substance-use disorder (OR = 19.2, CI = 5.6–65.4) and greater mental health related disability (OR = 0.5, CI = 0.3–0.7 for 1 SD decrease). For AS the results were: anxiety (OR = 9.4, CI = 1.7–52.8) or substance-use disorder (OR = 3.0, CI = 1.1–8.7) and greater mental health disability (OR = 0.5, CI = 0.4–0.7). Affective disorder was close to significant for the AS group (OR = 4.0, CI = 0.9–17.1). Conclusions: Correlates of DSP/AS were usually more powerful in the clinical group, but showed a similar pattern of psychiatric disorder and disability factors in both groups, supporting a continuum of risk factors across these groups. Interventions based on modifiable risk factors could target the same factors for public health, primary care or hospital populations: anxiety, depression and substance use disorders and mental health related disability.

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Bulimia comorbidity in the general population and in the clinic

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700027756 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 605-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

J. A. Bushnell ◽

J. E. Wells ◽

J. M. McKenzie ◽

A. R. Hornblow ◽

M. A. Oakley-Browne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

General Population ◽

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Base Rates ◽

Specific Increase ◽

Bulimic Women

SynopsisThis study compares rates of comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder in a clinical sample of women with bulimia, with general population base rates, and with rates of comorbidity among bulimic women in the general population. Eighty-four per cent of the clinical sample of bulimic women had a lifetime affective disorder, and 44% a lifetime alcohol or drug disorder. These rates of disorder were significantly higher than the base rates in the general population. Bulimic women in the general population also had more affective and substance-use disorders than the general population base rates, but the rates of these disorders were lower than found in the clinical sample. In the general population, quite similar rates of other disorders including generalized anxiety, panic, phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder, are found among those with bulimia, substance-use disorder and depression. Furthermore, among those with depression and substance-use disorder in the general population, rates of eating disorder are comparable. Rather than suggesting a specific relationship between bulimia and either depression or substance-use disorder, the data from this study suggest that the presence of any disorder is associated with a non-specific increase in the likelihood of other psychiatric disorder.

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Neuropsychological deficits in female adolescents with a substance use disorder: better accounted for by conduct disorder?

Journal of Studies on Alcohol ◽

10.15288/jsa.2000.61.809 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 809-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

P R Giancola ◽

A C Mezzich

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Neuropsychological Deficits

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ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Substance Use Disorder, and Nonprescription Stimulant Use

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054714528535 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 776-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Judith S. Brook ◽

Elinor B. Balka ◽

Chenshu Zhang ◽

David W. Brook

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Model ◽

Community Based ◽

Stimulant Use ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To assess whether the relationship of an ADHD diagnosis by adolescence to nonprescription stimulant use in adulthood is direct or indirect, via Conduct Disorder (CD) and/or Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Method: Data were obtained from multiple waves of interviews and questionnaires completed by 551 community-based participants when they were between the mean ages of 14.1 and 36.6 years. Results: The results of the structural equation model (SEM) supported both a direct association between early ADHD and later nonprescription stimulant use ( B = .18, z = 2.74) and the relationship from ADHD to later nonprescription stimulant use ( B = .01, z = 1.72) via CD and SUD. Conclusion: The longitudinal data supporting these paths suggest that efforts to prevent and treat the misuse of nonprescription stimulants may be more effective if attention is paid to those with a history of ADHD, as well as to those who also had CD and SUD.

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