Gasification: An alternative solution for energy recovery and utilization of vegetable market waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil L Narnaware ◽  
NSL Srivastava ◽  
Samir Vahora
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Vegetables waste is generally utilized through a bioconversion process or disposed of at municipal landfills, dumping sites or dumped on open land, emitting a foul odor and causing health hazards. The presents study deals with an alternative way to utilize solid vegetable waste through a thermochemical route such as briquetting and gasification for its energy recovery and subsequent power generation. Briquettes of 50 mm diameter were produced from four different types of vegetable waste. The bulk density of briquettes produced was increased 10 to 15 times higher than the density of the dried vegetable waste in loose form. The lower heating value (LHV) of the briquettes ranged from 10.26 MJ kg−1 to 16.60 MJ kg−1 depending on the type of vegetable waste. The gasification of the briquettes was carried out in an open core downdraft gasifier, which resulted in syngas with a calorific value of 4.71 MJ Nm−3 at the gasification temperature between 889°C and 1011°C. A spark ignition, internal combustion engine was run on syngas and could generate a maximum load up to 10 kWe. The cold gas efficiency and the hot gas efficiency of the gasifier were measured at 74.11% and 79.87%, respectively. Energy recovery from the organic vegetable waste was possible through a thermochemical conversion route such as briquetting and subsequent gasification and recovery of the fuel for small-scale power generation.

scholarly journals Studies on the Gasification Performance of Sludge Cake Pre-Treated by Hydrothermal Carbonization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yeop Lee ◽  
Se Won Park ◽  
Md Tanvir Alam ◽  
Yean Ouk Jeong ◽  
Yong-Chil Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Proper treatment and careful management of sewage sludge are essential because its disposal can lead to adverse environmental impacts such as public health hazards, as well as air, soil, and water pollution. Several efforts are being made currently not only to safely dispose of sewage sludge but also to utilize it as an energy source. Therefore, in this study, initiatives were taken to valorize sewage sludge cake by reducing the moisture content and increasing the calorific value by applying a hydrothermal treatment technique for efficient energy recovery. The sludge cake treated at 200 °C for 1 h was found to be the optimum condition for hydrothermal carbonization, as, in this condition, the caloric value of the treated sludge increased by 10% and the moisture content removed was 20 wt.%. To recover energy from the hydrothermally treated sludge, a gasification technology was applied at 900 °C. The results showed that the product gas from hydrothermally treated sludge cake had a higher lower heating value (0.98 MJ/Nm3) and higher cold gas efficiency (5.8%). Furthermore, compared with raw sludge cake, less tar was generated during the gasification of hydrothermally treated sludge cake. The removal efficiency was 28.2%. Overall results depict that hydrothermally treated sewage sludge cake could be a good source of energy recovery via the gasification process.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of the Prosopis Juliflora wood Based 10 kWe Downdraft Gasifier

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 6385-6388
Author(s):  
SIVA KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Solid Biomass

Gasification of solid biomass into gas often referred as producer gas which has higher heating value can be used to operate internal combustion engine. Here  an attempt has been made to  successful gasification of Prosopis Juliflora Wood and identification of optimum equivalence ratios in downdraft double throat gasifier for generation of quality gas for onward generation of power. A small scale downdraft double throat wood gasifier is designed to deliver a power of 10 kWe to run an IC Engine also the the performance analysis like Specific gasification rate , Gas production rate,gas efficiency,fuel consumption rate are prdedicted for given conditions.The optimum equivalence ratio for  wood have been estimated to 0.3, the gas composition( CO,H2) and calorific value of  wood is  observed as  CO = 18.8 %,H2 =12.8 %,CV =1042 Kcal/nm3 .

Evaluation of the washability characteristics of Khushab coal (Pakistani) by heavy media separation process

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Sana ◽  
Sumaira Kanwal ◽  
Javaid Akhtar ◽  
Naseer Sheikh ◽  
Shahid Munir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Recovery Schemes ◽  
Combustion Technique

The use of high-sulfur Pakistani coals can cause serious problems of slagging and fouling in thermochemical conversion reactors along with environmental issues like acid rain, etc. In this study, a pre-combustion technique, namely heavy media separation, is employed for the cleaning of low-grade Pakistani coal. Six crushed coal samples of different particle sizes were individually subjected to heavy media solutions of ZnCl2 of different specific gravities. It was found that the sample with a particle size of −6.25+4 mm at specific gravity of 1.4 produced the optimum float product as clean coal, showing 83.53% yield of clean coal with 1.24% ash and 1.0% sulfur contents. An overall reduction of 91.68% in ash and 86.11% sulfur contents was obtained. Moreover, up to 19.3% enhancement of gross calorific value was achieved. The resultant clean coal can be used in various energy recovery schemes in Pakistan such as coal-fired power plants and cement industries.

scholarly journals Modelling and experimental analysis of a small-scale olive pomace gasifier for cogeneration applications: A techno-economic assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
João Cardoso ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Daniela Eusébio ◽  
Tiago Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Cold Gas

A 2-D numerical simulation approach was implemented to describe the gasification process of olive pomace in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The numerical model was validated under experimental gasification runs performed in a 250 kWth quasi-industrial biomass gasifier. The producer gas composition, H2/CO ratio, CH4/H2 ratio, cold gas efficiency and tar content were evaluated. The most suitable applications for the potential use of olive pomace as an energy source in Portugal were assessed based on the results. A techno-economic study and a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the feasibility and foresee the main investment risks in conducting olive pomace gasification in small facilities. Results indicated that olive pomace gasification is more suitable for domestic purposes. The low cold gas efficiency of the process (around 20%) turns the process more appropriate for producer gas production in small cogeneration facilities. Olive pomace gasification solutions showed viable economic performance in small cogeneration solutions for agriculture waste-to-energy recovery in olive oil agriculture cooperatives. However, the slender profitability may turn the project unattractive for most investors from a financial standpoint.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Different Parameters on the Performance of a CHP Internal Combustion Engine System Fed by a Biomass Waste Gasifier

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Villarini ◽  
Vera Marcantonio ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
Enrico Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Cold Gas

The present paper presents a study of biomass waste to energy conversion using gasification and internal combustion engine for power generation. The biomass waste analyzed is the most produced on Italian soil, chosen for suitable properties in the gasification process. Good quality syngas with up to 16.1% CO–4.3% CH4–23.1% H2 can be produced. The syngas lower heating value may vary from 1.86 MJ/ Nm3 to 4.5 MJ/Nm3 in the gasification with air and from 5.2 MJ/ Nm3 to 7.5 MJ/Nm3 in the gasification with steam. The cold gas efficiency may vary from 16% to 41% in the gasification with air and from 37% to 60% in the gasification with steam, depending on the different biomass waste utilized in the process and the different operating conditions. Based on the sensitivity studies carried out in the paper and paying attention to the cold gas efficiency and to the LHV, we have selected the best configuration process for the best syngas composition to feed the internal combustion engine. The influence of syngas fuel properties on the engine is studied through the electrical efficiency and the cogeneration efficiency.

scholarly journals How water vapor and carbon dioxide additives affect oxygen gasification of pulverized coal fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Pulverized Coal Fuel ◽  
Gas Efficiency

The paper analyzes entrained-flow high-oxygen gasification of pulverized coal (a Shell type process)is considered. Water vapor is commonly added to increase the yield of combustible components. This research uses a mathematical model in a one-dimensional stationary approximation to see how adding carbon dioxide and a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor to the oxygen flow will affect the process. The paper presents estimates of thermochemical conversion rate (cold gas efficiency), combustible gas content, and completeness of fuel carbon conversion for all the tested configurations. Calculations show that adding carbon dioxide can reduce the specific oxygen consumption of the gasification process whilst ensuring more complete fuel conversion. Adjustments in the water vapor to carbon dioxide ratio help control the gas composition (albeit in a rather narrow range) and the temperature of the raw produced gas at the reaction zone outlet.

Advanced Concepts in Modular Coal and Biomass Gasifiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Dooher ◽  
Marco J. Castaldi ◽  
Dean P. Modroukas
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor ◽  
End Use ◽  
Gas Efficiency

The program involves the application of a novel gasification concept, termed a modular allothermal gasifier (MAG) to produce syngas from coal, biomass, and waste slurries. The MAG employs a steam-driven gasification process using a pressurized entrained flow reactor wherein the external wall surfaces are catalytically heated to 1000 °C via heterogeneous combustion of a portion of the produced syngas. The MAG can be fed by a hydrothermal treatment reactor for biomass and waste feedstocks, which employs well-developed hydrothermal processing technology using the addition of heat and water to provide a uniform slurry product. The hydrothermal treatment reactor requires no preprocessing and a clean syngas is produced at high cold gas efficiency (80%). Importantly, the MAG can operate over a wide range of positive pressures up to 3 MPa (30 bar) which provides process control to vary the output to match end-use needs or feedstock rate. The system produces minimal emissions and operates at significantly higher efficiency and lower energy requirements than pyrolysis, plasma gasification, and carbonization systems. The system is compact and modular, making it easily transportable, for example, to a variety of sites, including those where remoteness, inaccessibility, and space limitations would preclude competing systems. The system can be applied to small gasification systems without the increase in heat losses that plague conventional small scale gasifiers. Test results and model simulations are presented on a single tube system and analyses of a variety of configurations presented.

scholarly journals Development of a Small Downdraft Biomass Gasifier for Developing Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Chawdhury ◽  
K. Mahkamov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Biomass gasification has been receiving increasing attention as a potential renewable energy source for the last few decades. This attempt involved designing, developing and testing a small downdraft biomass gasifier JRB-1 (6-7 kW) at Durham University, UK. The gasifier was built of stainless steel pipes, sheets and other fittings and tested for wood chips and pellets. The composition, moisture content and consumption of biomass feedstock (3.1 kg/hr for wood chips, 2.9 kg/hr for pellets), temperature inside the reaction zone (950-1150 oC), primary air flow rate (0.0015 m3/s) and exit temperature of the producer gas (180-220 oC) was measured. The main constituents of syngas included nitrogen (50-56%), carbon monoxide (19-22%), hydrogen (12-19%), carbon dioxide (10-12%) and a small amount of methane (1-2%). These results were used in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software to obtain the lower calorific value of syngas (4424-5007 kJ/m3) and cold gas efficiency (62.5-69.4%) of the gasifier, which were found close to the calculated values. Again the thermal efficiency was calculated as 90.1-92.4%. Being comparatively easy to build, downdraft gasifiers like JRB-1 are likely to be the most appropriate technology for developing countries as a source of decentralized power supply and for development in agricultural sector. Keywords:  Biomass gasification; Syngas; Emission; Renewable energy.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5613                J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 51-64 (2011)

scholarly journals Coal Type, Temperature and Gasifiying Agent Effects on Low-Rank Coal Gasification Using CFD Method

CFD letters ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Kamariah Md Isa ◽  
Kahar Osman ◽  
Nik Rosli Abdullah ◽  
Nor Fadzilah Othman ◽  
Nurulnatisya Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Low-Rank Coal (LRC) gasification utilising Fluidised Bed Gasifier (FBG) is more efficient for LRC that has higher reactivity, moisture, tar, volatile, and ash content but lower calorific value compared to other types of coals. This work investigated the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in simulating LRC gasification under different temperatures which is lower (873K), normal (973K) and higher (1073K) temperature atmosphere. Besides that, the effect of LRC type and gasifying agents on the producer gas CO+H2 composition, Lower Heating Value (LHV) and Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) were also studied using High-rank Coal (HRC) as comparison. The results obtained showed that LRC gasification using oxygen increased LHV and CGE. Lower temperature gasification using oxygen at 873 increased CO+H2, LHV and CGE for LRC compared to higher temperatures at 973K and 1073K. This prediction suggests that LRC gasification using oxygen at lower temperature increases the LRC gasification efficiency.

Solver Convergence of IGFC Process Simulation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kurata ◽  
Risa Nomura ◽  
Norihiko Iki ◽  
Masako Kawabata ◽  
Atsushi Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Power

Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC) is expected to be the most efficient power generation system in coal fired power generation systems [1,2]. We have been analyzing the processes of Advanced IGFC (A-IGFC) [3] which is expected to be realized in 2040. The Advanced IGFC (A-IGFC) system can reduce the exergy loss resulting from combustion, and its ‘exergy recuperation’ [4] is appealing. The waste heat exhausted from the fuel cells is recycled to the gasifier for steam reforming in an endothermic reaction with a low exergy loss and a high cold gas efficiency. Our current study focuses on the optimization of the unit configurations of the A-IGFC including gasifier, compressor, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), combustor, gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and steam turbine. The process simulator HYSYS®.Plant (Aspen technology Inc.) is employed in order to express the gasifier, the SOFC and the other units. The process of reforming with steam means recycled steam stream in the HYSYS® model. In the previous study [3] we found that many recycled material streams and recycled steam in the AIGFC process prevent convergence of solver. It is shown that comparison of simulation program, a trial analysis of the AIGFC process using HYSYS.Plant and the problems about convergence of solver.

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