Ammonia and hydrogen sulphide odour emissions from different areas of a landfill in Hangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2096022
Author(s):  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jianhua Li
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Final Closure

This study examined the release characteristics of malodorous ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gases in different areas of a full-capacity operational landfill in Hangzhou, China. Gas samples were collected using static boxes from exposed working areas (EWAs), temporarily covered areas (TCAs), and final closure areas (FCAs), and were analysed using spectrophotometric methods. Gas release increased in the following order: TCA > EWA > FCA. The average concentrations of released NH3 in these areas were 2763, 1171, and 27 mg m−3, respectively, and those of H2S were 2481, 631, and 10 mg m−3, respectively. The concentrations of gases released from holes in the film in the temporarily covered and EWAs were significantly higher than the AEGL-3 level values specified by the Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) Advisory Committee. EWAs were identified as key for odour control, where the highest NH3 release was recorded at approximately 12:00. The diurnal variation in H2S release was insignificant ( p > 0.05). Therefore, the study shows that working in EWAs should be avoided at approximately noon. Adverse impacts on human health can be reduced by standardising procedures, using higher-quality films, and improving film installation procedures. The results of this study serve as a valuable reference for odour control in operational landfills.

Performance of sanitary sewer collection system odour control devices operating in diverse conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2527-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Camarillo ◽  
William T. Stringfellow ◽  
Jeremy S. Hanlon ◽  
Elizabeth Basha
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Control Devices

Controlling odours from sanitary sewer systems is challenging as a result of the expansive nature of these systems. Addition of oxidizing chemicals is often practiced as a mitigation strategy. One alternative is to remove odorous compounds in the gases vented from manholes using adsorptive media. In this study, odour control devices located at manholes were observed to determine the ability of these systems to reduce hydrogen sulphide from vented gases. The odour control devices incorporated pressure regulation to control gas flow out of manhole covers and adsorptive media to remove hydrogen sulphide in the vented gases prior to release. Pressure regulation was accomplished using a variable volume bladder and two pressure relief valves that permitted gas flow when pressures exceeded 1.3 to 2.5 cm water column. The reduction in gas flow vented from manholes was intended to extend the service life of the adsorptive media, as compared with odour control devices that do not incorporate pressure modulation. Devices were deployed at four locations and three adsorptive media were tested. Although measured collection system hydrogen sulphide concentrations varied from zero to over 1,000 ppm, the removal rates observed using odour control devices were typically above 90%. The lower removal rates observed at one of the sites (50.5 ± 36.1%) appeared related to high gas flow rates being emitted at this location. Activated carbon was used in most of the tests, although use of iron media resulted in the highest removal observed: 97.8 ± 3.6%. The expected service life of the adsorptive media contained within the odour control devices is a function of site-specific hydrogen sulphide concentrations and gas flow rates. The units used in this study were in service for more than 8 to 12 months prior to requiring media replacement.

Biological odour control by diffusion into activated sludge basins

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Air Streams

Diffusion of odourous air into activated sludge basins is an effective and economical approach for odour control at wastewater treatment plants. Over 30 facilities in North America practice this technique. Most of these applications are for dilute or moderate strength air streams with relatively low hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels. Unfortunately, the lack of data documenting the effectiveness of the process and concerns for blower corrosion have limited its acceptance as a method for controlling odour emissions. This paper presents a compilation and review of wastewater treatment facilities that are currently using activated sludge diffusion. Performance data are tabulated, and information on operation and maintenance of the blower/diffuser systems are summarized. New data are presented that compare the effectiveness of coarse vs. fine bubble diffusers for treatment of a high strength, high-H2S air stream from sludge holding tanks at Concord, NH. Designand performance information is presented on a dedicated odour control system installed at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania in 1996 that collects high-H2S air streams from an influent chamber and primary clarifiers and diffuses it into a mechanically-aerated activated sludge basin. A cost-effectiveness analysis is presented for a blower/diffuser system installed exclusively for odour control. Methods used to overcome initial operational problems are discussed.

scholarly journals Inhibition of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide as faecal sludge odour control in dry sanitation toilet facilities using plant waste materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Mawumenyo Senanu ◽  
Patrick Boakye ◽  
Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng ◽  
Divine Damertey Sewu ◽  
Esi Awuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Faecal Sludge

AbstractOn-site dry sanitation facilities, although cheaper than wet sanitation systems, suffer from high malodour and insect nuisance as well as poor aesthetics. The high odour deters users from utilizing dry sanitation toilets as an improved facility leading to over 20% open defecation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To address this malodour concern, this study first assessed odour levels, using hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) as indicators, on two dry sanitation facilities named T1 and T2. The potential of using biomass (sawdust, rice husk, moringa leaves, neem seeds), ash (coconut husk, cocoa husk) or biochar (sawdust, rice husk, bamboo) as biocovers to remove or suppress odour from fresh faecal sludge (FS) over a 12-day period was investigated. Results showed that the odour levels for H2S in both T1 (3.17 ppm) and T2 (0.22 ppm) were above the threshold limit of 0.05 ppm, for unpleasantness in humans and vice versa for NH3 odour levels (T1 = 6.88 ppm; T2 = 3.16 ppm; threshold limit = 30 ppm limit). The biomasses exhibited low pH (acidic = 5–7) whereas the biochars and ashes had higher pHs (basic = 8–13). Basic biocovers were more effective at H2S emission reduction (80.9% to 96.2%) than acidic biocovers. The effect of pH on suppression of NH3 was determined to be statistically insignificant at 95% confidence limit. In terms of H2S and NH3 removal, sawdust biochar was the most effective biocover with odour abatement values of 96.2% and 74.7%, respectively. The results suggest that biochar produced from locally available waste plant-based materials, like sawdust, can serve as a cost-effective and sustainable way to effectively combat odour-related issues associated with dry sanitation facilities to help stop open defecation.

Odour control and the planning arena

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Manning ◽  
J. A. Jeavons
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Technical Assessment

Odour pollution is traditionally categorised as a public health issue, controlledv, ia statutory legislation with the emphasis on control rather than prevention. As society demands a higher quality environment, odour pollution increases in importance as an amenity issue. Planning authorities can refuse planning permission on the grounds that the odour nuisance from the proposed development will be detrimental to the amenity of the area. Planningauthorities are therefore in the unique position of being able to prevent odour pollution. Potential odour polluters are under increasing pressure to demonstrate to planning authorities that odour has been minimised as far as possible. The communication of technical odour control data and assessments, through mechanisms such as Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), is becoming an important part of the decision making process. The lack of specific odour policy and guidance within the planning arena is highlighted. The reconstruction of Derby Sewage Treatment works (STW) is used a a case study to highlight how a technical assessment of odour emissions, using the WRc Sewage Treatment Odour Production (STOP) Model can be successfully used within the planning arena to achieve planning permission with no additional conditions.

Odour emission estimates and control strategies using models and sampling for East Bay Municipal Utility District's collection sewage system and wastewater treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
J. R. Witherspoon ◽  
A. Sidhu ◽  
J. Castleberry ◽  
L. Coleman ◽  
K. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Control Options ◽  
East Bay ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Odour Emissions

For several years, public complaints regarding odours generated by East Bay Municipal Utility District's (EBMUD's) wastewater treatment plant and sewage collection system (SCS) have been increasing. In response, an Odor Control Master Plan was completed to develop near- and long-term odour abatement strategies for their wastewater system. The plan's strategies include using an advisory committee to assist in setting odour threshold levels, prioritizingodour sources, issuing an odour-status newsletter, and reviewing odour control options. The objective is to provide an odour-free community environment at least 99 percent of the year. This paper provides innovative approaches to estimate odour emissions and identify viable odour control options for SCSs through complete wastewater treatment. This paper also presents a CH2M HILL SCS odour model comparison to a comprehensive EBMUD sewage system corrosion study, illustrating that areas having high predicted odours also have high corrosion rates.

scholarly journals Ferric chloride for odour control: studies from wastewater treatment plants in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Prathna ◽  
Ankit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Abstract This study was about the feasibility of using ferric chloride as an agent for odour control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to hydrogen sulphide emission. Total inlet sulphide concentrations at 11 WWTPs in Delhi were measured and ranged between 1.1 and 14.8 mg/L. Wastewater samples from Najafgarh drain were used in jar tests to estimate the ferric chloride concentration required to obtain acceptable treatment. Ferric chloride was effective in removing sulphide, phosphate and total suspended solids (TSS), and gave significant biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction. It was ineffective, however, in removing ammoniacal-nitrogen. A dose of 40 mg/L removed 76% of total sulphide, which corresponds to a significant reduction in hydrogen sulphide emission. The study demonstrated that ferric chloride can be used as a cost-effective pre-treatment step in WWTPs to reduce sulphur-related odours significantly, as well as TSS, BOD and phosphate from wastewater.

The control of septicity and odours in sewerage systems and at sewage treatment works operated by Anglian Water Services Limited

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek C. W. Sercombe
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Salts ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Effective Use

The paper gives reasons for and an overview of the septicity and odour control efforts of Anglian Water Services. It outlines the chemicals available and indicates some practical dosages. A comparison is given of types and number of installations and changes which have taken place since 1979. The paper describes an example of bioaugmentation to control hydrogen sulphide formation and the effective use of bioscrubbers and ozone for the treatment of malodorous air. Treatment costs are discussed. It is concluded that our better understanding of the mechanisms involved has led to an increase in the use of nitrate salts. A combination of chemical dosing systems may be necessary to prevent septicity and eliminate malodorous compounds.

Odour Emissions and Odour Control at Wastewater Treatment Plants in West Germany

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Frechen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Waste Air ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Odour Emissions

Odour emissions caused by wastewater treatment plants can bring serious annoyance to the plant's staff and local residents. A measurement technique is required that corresponds to the human impression of smell. Thus, olfactometry was used to determine the odour strength. Many facts contribute to the formation and release of odorous emissions. Surveys as well as measurement programs indicate that the sludge part of a wastewater treatment plant is the most critical part. Different types of waste air treatment plants are in use in West Germany. Regarding the total amount of waste air to be deodorized, chemical scrubbers play the major role today. Looking at the numbers of plants, bio-filters are most common. Biological waste air treatment systems are of increasing importance in West Germany.

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