Measuring School Climate Among Spanish-Speaking Students: A Systematic Review of Primary Methodological Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Rocha ◽  
A. Stephen Lenz ◽  
Yahyahan Aras
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
School Climate ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Methodological Studies

The present study is a systematic review of school climate measures developed for a Spanish-speaking K-12 population. Four instruments were included in the analyses representing data of 9,236 students with a mean of sample size of 2,309 students. Evidences for test content and internal structure were the most frequent representation of psychometric validity. Internal consistency, represented by Cronbach’s alpha, ranged between 0.62 and 0.94. In addition, three instruments were translated from scales developed in the United States as evidence for test content validity. The findings of validity evidence, internal consistency, and context will guide school counselors in deciding the appropriate school climate measure to use among United States Latina/o students in Spanish. Consequently, the school climate assessment will compel school stakeholders to use results to advocate for the growth and inclusivity of Latina/o students.

Medication Administration Practices in United States’ Schools: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110263
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Lowe ◽  
Joe K. Gerald ◽  
Conrad Clemens ◽  
Cherie Gaither ◽  
Lynn B. Gerald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Keyword Searches

Schools often provide medication management to children at school, yet, most U.S. schools lack a full-time, licensed nurse. Schools rely heavily on unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to perform such tasks. This systematic review examined medication management among K-12 school nurses. Keyword searches in three databases were performed. We included studies that examined: (a) K-12 charter, private/parochial, or public schools, (b) UAPs and licensed nurses, (c) policies and practices for medication management, or (d) nurse delegation laws. Three concepts were synthesized: (a) level of training, (b) nurse delegation, and (c) emergency medications. One-hundred twelve articles were screened. Of these, 37.5% (42/112) were comprehensively reviewed. Eighty-one percent discussed level of training, 69% nurse delegation, and 57% emergency medications. Succinct and consistent policies within and across the United States aimed at increasing access to emergency medications in schools remain necessary.

A Systematic Review Exploring Acculturation and Type 2 Diabetes in Spanish-Speaking Populations

2021 ◽  
pp. 154041532110370
Author(s):  
Alyssia M. Miller De Rutté ◽  
Amanda Barrie
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Acculturation to the United States has been previously studied in Spanish-speaking populations, but little is known about the potential relationship between acculturation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between acculturation and T2DM in Spanish-speaking populations in the United States. Methods: Selected studies collected from a review of literature were analyzed by population, ethnicity, acculturation scale, and significance. Results: Thirty-two eligible articles showed conflicting data between the effects of acculturation on T2DM. Conclusion: Overall, studies yielded inconclusive results on the significance of the relationship between acculturation and diabetes in Spanish-speaking populations, which merit further investigation.

scholarly journals School Climate in American Secondary Schools: A Psychometric Examination of PISA 2009 School Climate Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Letao Sun ◽  
Kenneth D. Royal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Climate ◽  
International Student ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Climate Scale ◽  
Psychometric Quality

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)2009 school climate survey instrument and evaluate perceptions of secondary school principals' located in the UnitedStates about school climate using an Item Response Theory (IRT) methodological approach. In particular, this studysought to determine if the instrument’s items are of sufficient psychometric quality to effectively measure schools'climate status in the United States. Collectively, results indicate the School Climate Assessment (SCA) scale is ofsufficient psychometric quality to effectively measure schools' climate status in the United States. However, there areareas for which the instrument can be improved. Recommendations for improvement are provided.

Principal-Counselor Collaboration and School Climate

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy D. Rock ◽  
Theodore P. Remley ◽  
Lillian M. Range
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
School Climate ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
School Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
High School Counselors ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Four Dimensions

Examining whether principal-counselor collaboration and school climate were related, researchers sent 4,193 surveys to high school counselors in the United States and received 419 responses. As principal-counselor collaboration increased, there were increases in counselors viewing the principal as supportive, the teachers as regarding one another with respect, the school community as having high yet achievable standards, and decreases in schools being vulnerable to outside influences such as vocal parents and community groups. Principal-counselor collaboration was significantly correlated to four dimensions of school climate.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPT) Workshop on Rural K–12 School Counselors’ Assessment Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teal Bohrer ◽  
Cass Dykeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Suicide Assessment ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Interpersonal Psychological Theory ◽  
The Impact

Suicide rates across the United States continue to increase steadily. Rural communities tend to face barriers to suicide assessment and treatment that urban communities do not. School counselors working in rural education often serve as the primary screening tool for youths who might be at risk for suicide. Numerous models and theories have served as guidelines for explaining and assessing suicidal ideation. In 2009, Thomas Joiner introduced the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPT), an approach drawing on three main factors: perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability. Given the well-supported place of IPT in the literature, the present study utilized a nonconcurrent, multiple-baseline, multiple-probe design to examine the impact of a training model designed on this approach. Participants were K–12 school counselors employed in rural school districts across the United States. The results from this study demonstrated a significant increase in suicide-assessment knowledge, even when training was conducted remotely, but the results did not reveal a measurable change in self-efficacy. This is significant because it suggests increasing clinician knowledge around suicide assessment can be done through a cost-effective, remote platform, making it accessible to most people working in the mental health field. Future research should focus on the self-efficacy of school counselors, especially regarding factors that could influence the confidence of these individuals in making risk assessments.

Leveraging Technology in Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Kruse ◽  
Britney Larson ◽  
Reagan Wilkinson ◽  
Roger Samson ◽  
Taylor Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Key Terms

BACKGROUND Incidence of AD continues to increase, making it the most common cause of dementia and the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. 2018 numbers are expected to double by 2030. OBJECTIVE We examined the benefits of utilizing technology to identify and detect Alzheimer’s disease in the diagnostic process. METHODS We searched PubMed and CINAHL using key terms and filters to identify 30 articles for review. We analyzed these articles and reported them in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS We identified 11 technologies used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease: 66% of which used some form of MIR. Functional, structural, and 7T magnetic resonance imaging were all used with structural being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS MRI is the best form of current technology being used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease. MRI is a noninvasive approach that provides highly accurate results in the diagnostic process of Alzheimer’s disease.

A Systematic Review on Barriers to Palliative Care in Oncology

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912098328
Author(s):  
Jyotsana Parajuli ◽  
Judith E. Hupcey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Meta Analyses

The number of people with cancer and the need for palliative care among this population is increasing in the United States. Despite this growing need, several barriers exist to the utilization of palliative care in oncology. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the barriers to palliative care utilization in an oncology population. A systematic review of literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, and Psych Info databases were used for the literature search. Articles were included if they: 1) focused on cancer, (2) examined and discussed barriers to palliative care, and c) were peer reviewed, published in English, and had an accessible full text. A total of 29 studies (8 quantitative, 18 qualitative, and 3 mixed-methods) were identified and synthesized for this review. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 10 participants to 313 participants. The barriers to palliative care were categorized into barriers related to the patient and family, b) barriers related to providers, and c) barriers related to the healthcare system or policy. The factors identified in this review provide guidance for intervention development to mitigate the existing barriers and facilitate the use palliative care in individuals with cancer.

Rehabilitation Intensity and Patient Outcomes in Skilled Nursing Facilities in the United States: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A Prusynski ◽  
Allison M Gustavson ◽  
Siddhi R Shrivastav ◽  
Tracy M Mroz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facilities ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Exponential increases in rehabilitation intensity in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) motivated recent changes in Medicare reimbursement policies, which remove financial incentives for providing more minutes of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Yet there is concern that SNFs will reduce therapy provision and patients will experience worse outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between therapy intensity and patient outcomes in SNFs. Methods PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, and COCHRANE databases were searched. English-language studies published in the United States between 1998 and February 14, 2020, examining the relationship between therapy intensity and community discharge, hospital readmission, length of stay (LOS), and functional improvement for short-stay SNF patients were considered. Data extraction and risk of bias were performed using the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Classification of Evidence scale for causation questions. AAN criteria were used to assess confidence in the evidence for each outcome. Results Eight observational studies met inclusion criteria. There was moderate evidence that higher intensity therapy was associated with higher rates of community discharge and shorter LOS. One study provided very low-level evidence of associations between higher intensity therapy and lower hospital readmissions after total hip and knee replacement. There was low-level evidence indicating higher intensity therapy is associated with improvements in function. Conclusions This systematic review concludes, with moderate confidence, that higher intensity therapy in SNFs leads to higher community discharge rates and shorter LOS. Future research should improve quality of evidence on functional improvement and hospital readmissions. Impact This systematic review demonstrates that patients in SNFs may benefit from higher intensity therapy. Because new policies no longer incentivize intensive therapy, patient outcomes should be closely monitored to ensure patients in SNFs receive high-quality care.

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