scholarly journals Social Capital in Transition(s) to Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal and Mixed-Methods Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Barbosa Neves ◽  
Diana Dias de Carvalho ◽  
Fernando Serra ◽  
Anália Torres ◽  
Silvia Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Bonding And Bridging

Social capital captures the value of relationships. Although research has examined social capital among adults, comparatively little attention has been paid to social capital among young adults—particularly from a longitudinal and mixed-methods perspective. As social capital predicts educational achievement, employment, and psychosocial well-being, it is an important construct to study alongside youth transition(s). Following a Bourdieusian approach, we define social capital as the resources potentially available in our ties that can be mobilized when necessary. To examine social capital in transition to adulthood, we draw on survey ( n = 1,650, at ages 17 and 21) and interview ( n = 70, at age 24) data from a cohort of Portuguese youth. We study the two main dimensions of social capital: bonding and bridging. Survey data were analyzed with latent class modeling, logistic regressions, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and interviews with thematic analysis. Findings show that respondents reported receiving more emotional support than financial support from their networks, but that both types of support increased over time. Perceived bonding and bridging also changed positively in transition to adulthood. In addition, gender and parental education predicted bonding and bridging. We contextualize these results with qualitative meanings and experiences of social capital.

scholarly journals Early roots of adult competence

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Sally I-Chun Kuo ◽  
Jennifer Puig ◽  
W. Andrew Collins
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Using Data

Social capital has traditionally been defined in terms of the amount of resources that one derives as a result of a diversity of interpersonal relationships. However, the quality of these relationships across development has not been examined as a contributor to social capital and few studies have examined the significance of various age-salient relationships in predicting adaptive functioning, especially testing for cumulative effects over time. Using data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, developmental models spanning from infancy to adulthood were tested via path modeling, linking quality of various age-salient relationships (e.g., infant–caregiver attachment, peer competence, friendship security, and effectiveness in romantic relationships) to global adaptive functioning at age 28. As hypothesized, quality of age-salient relationships during different developmental periods predicted the quality of subsequent relationships, but also showed links with adaptive functioning in early adulthood. Results also showed that the quality of infant attachment relationships not only was linked with more proximal relationships, but also had direct effects on global functioning, suggesting the potential significance of early relationship quality in adaption and well-being in adulthood.

Is social capital a mediator between self-control and psychological and social functioning across 34 years?

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Pulkkinen ◽  
Anna-Liisa Lyyra ◽  
Katja Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Psychological Well Being

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social capital assessed in early adulthood in linking self-control in childhood with psychological and social functioning in middle age. Data collected at ages 8, 27, and 42 years were based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (159 females, 177 males). Self-control was assessed at age 8 using teacher ratings and peer nominations. Social capital at age 27 was operationalized in terms of the breadth of the individuals’ social network and the depth of their close relationships. Psychological functioning at age 42 was indicated by, for instance, psychological well-being, and social functioning was indicated by, for instance, aggression. Results showed for females, but not for males, that social capital partially mediated the link between self-control and psychological well-being, as well as the link between self-control and aggression. In females, higher self-control explained better psychological well-being and lower aggression both directly and indirectly via the breadth of the individual’s social network. In males, both childhood self-control and behavioral activity contributed to the breadth of their social network, which, in turn, contributed to the depth of their close relationships. Deeper relationships explained better psychological well-being and, marginally, lower aggression; male lower aggression was directly accounted for by childhood self-control.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of early-life circumstances, abilities and achievements on well-being at age 50 years: evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e031416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Dodgeon ◽  
Praveetha Patalay ◽  
George B Ploubidis ◽  
Richard D Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vocational Qualifications ◽  
Positive Effect

ObjectivesWe aim to examine the relative contributions of pathways from middle childhood/adolescence to mid-life well-being, health and cognition, in the context of family socio-economic status (SES) at birth, educational achievement and early-adulthood SES. Our approach is largely exploratory, suspecting that the strongest mediators between childhood circumstances and mid-life physical and emotional well-being may be cognitive performance during school years, material and behavioural difficulties, and educational achievement. We also explore whether the effects of childhood circumstances on mid-life physical and emotional well-being differ between men and women.Setting/participantsData were from the National Child Development Study, a fully-representative British birth cohort sample of 17 415 people born in 1 week in 1958.Primary/secondary outcome measuresOur four primary mid-life outcome measures are: cognitive performance, physical and emotional well-being and quality of life. Our intermediate adult outcomes are early-adulthood social class and educational/vocational qualifications.ResultsUsing structural equation modelling, we explore numerous pathways through childhood and early adulthood which are significantly linked to our outcomes. We specifically examine the mediating effects of the following: cognitive ability at ages 7, 11 and 16 years; childhood psychological issues; family material difficulties at age 7 years: housing, unemployment, finance; educational/vocational qualifications and social class position at age 42 years.We find that social class at birth has a strong indirect effect on the age 50 outcomes via its influence on cognitive performance in childhood and adolescence, educational attainment and mid-life social class position, together with small direct effects on qualifications and social class position at age 42 years. Teenage cognitive performance has a strong positive effect on later physical health for women, while educational/vocational qualifications have a stronger positive effect on emotional well-being for men.ConclusionOur findings provide an understanding of the legacy of early life on multiple aspects of mid-life health, well-being, cognition and quality of life, showing stronger mediated links for men from childhood social class position to early adult social class position. The observed effect of qualifications supports those arguing that education is positively associated with subsequent cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Does Religiosity in the Transition to Adulthood Predict Filial Norms in Midlife?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 394-394
Author(s):  
Jeung Hyun Kim ◽  
Woosang Hwang ◽  
Maria Brown ◽  
Merril Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Elder Care ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Aging Parents ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Broad Consensus

Abstract Objective This study aims to identify multiple dimensions of religiosity among young adults at the beginning and end of the transition to adulthood, and describe how transition patterns of religiosity in early adulthood are associated with filial elder-care norms in midlife. Background There is a broad consensus that religiosity is multidimensional in nature, but less is known regarding transitions in multiple dimensions of religiosity from early to middle adulthood and predicted filial eldercare norms as a function of those religiosity transitions. Methods The sample consisted of 368 young adults participating in the Longitudinal Study of Generations in 2000 (mean age = 23 years) and 2016 waves. We conducted a latent class and latent transition analyses to address our aims. Results We identified three religious latent classes among young adults in both 2000 and 2016 waves: strongly religious, weakly religious, and doctrinally religious. Staying strongly religious young adults between 2000 to 2016 waves reported higher filial elder-care norms in the 2016 Wave than those who were in staying weakly religious, staying doctrinally religious, and decreasing religiosity transition patterns between 2000 to 2016 waves. Conclusion Our findings suggest that religiosity is still an important value for young adults shaping their intergenerational relationships with their aging parents. Keywords: religiosity, filial eldercare norms, young adults, transition to adulthood

Context matters: juvenile correctional confinement and psychosocial development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Shelly Schaefer ◽  
Gina Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Delinquent Youth ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychosocial Skills ◽  
Males And Females

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how adolescent arrest and correctional confinement impact psychosocial development during the transition to adulthood.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses a US-based sample of 12,100 youth in junior and high school and again in early adulthood. Factor analyses determine measurement of psychosocial maturity (PSM) and subsequently compare baseline and subsequent psychosocial development in a multivariate framework for males and females.FindingsFindings show that net of socio-demographic and delinquency-related controls, all three groups have similar baseline psychosocial measures pre-confinement but by early adulthood (ages 18–25) there are significant differences between the two justice-involved groups for multiple measure of psychosocial well-being, net of any differences at baseline. Differences are exacerbated for females.Research limitations/implicationsResults suggest the need for juvenile correctional facilities to incorporate programming that allows juveniles to build psychosocial skills through activities that mirror typical adolescent responsibilities, behaviors and tasks.Originality/valueThe authors compare PSM development for three groups of adolescents: non-justice-involved youth, youth who were arrested but not confined before age 18 (arrested non-confined), and delinquent youth who served time in out-of-home correctional placement before age 18 (confined) to compare development and changes in psychosocial development over time. Further, the authors examine the interaction of gender and confinement to explore if the context of confinement disrupts PSM development differently for females.

scholarly journals Mixed methods protocol to examine the acceptability and clinical characteristics of a remote monitoring programme for delivery of COVID-19 care, among healthcare staff and patients

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051408
Author(s):  
Robert Fox ◽  
Sophie Mulcahy Symmons ◽  
Aoife De Brún ◽  
David Joyce ◽  
Eavan G Muldoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monitoring Technology

IntroductionThe use of remote monitoring technology to manage the care of patients with COVID-19 has been implemented to help reduce the burden placed on healthcare systems during the pandemic and protect the well-being of both staff and patients. Remote monitoring allows patients to record their signs and symptoms remotely (eg, while self-isolating at home) rather than requiring hospitalisation. Healthcare staff can, therefore, continually monitor their symptoms and be notified when the patient is showing signs of clinical deterioration. However, given the recency of the COVID-19 outbreak, there is a lack of research regarding the acceptance of remote monitoring interventions to manage COVID-19. This study will aim to evaluate the use of remote monitoring for managing COVID-19 cases from the perspective of both the patient and healthcare staff.Methods and analysisDischarged patients from a large urban teaching hospital in Ireland, who have undergone remote monitoring for COVID-19, will be recruited to take part in a cross-sectional study consisting of a quantitative survey and a qualitative interview. A mixed methods design will be used to understand the experiences of remote monitoring from the perspective of the patient. Healthcare staff who have been involved in the provision of remote monitoring of patients with COVID-19 will be recruited to take part in a qualitative interview to understand their experiences with the process. Structural equation modelling will be used to examine the acceptance of the remote monitoring technology. Latent class analysis will be used to identify COVID-19 symptom profiles. Interview data will be examined using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the ethical review boards at University College Dublin and the National Research Ethics Committee for COVID-19-related Research. Findings will be disseminated via publications in scientific journals, policy briefs, short reports and social media.

Leveraging Social Capital of Persons With Intellectual Disabilities Through Facebook Participation: The Perspectives of Family Members and Direct Support Staff

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmit-Noa Shpigelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Bonding And Bridging

Abstract This study aimed to understand and describe the views of family members and direct support staff regarding the use of Facebook by persons with intellectual disability (ID) within the context of social capital. In-depth, semistructured interviews conducted with 16 family members and direct support staff of persons with ID who use Facebook revealed that most participants favored Facebook use by persons with ID for bonding and bridging social capital and for normalization. Most participants noted the empowering effect of online activity on persons with ID, yet some reported risks and usage difficulties. Although Facebook use enhances the well-being of persons with ID, findings highlighted the participants' need for formal guidelines regarding social media best-practices for people with ID.

Coping and Resilience in the Transition to Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Leipold ◽  
Marco Munz ◽  
Amy Michéle-Malkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Social Support Seeking ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Related Stress

Three general types of coping (problem-focused coping, social support-seeking, and meaning-focused coping) in the transition from adolescence to early adulthood are examined. Specifically, we investigated age differences, their interdependence, and their adaptive function in respect to academic work-related stress (resilience). The present study examined these issues in a cross-sectional assessment (1,608 pupils and students between 14 and 30 years). Problem-focused coping and seeking social support were positively correlated with age. Age-moderated analyses showed pronounced associations between problem-focused coping and support-seeking in adolescence, but stronger associations between problem- and meaning-focused coping in young adulthood. Seeking social support and meaning-focused coping moderated the negative correlation between subjective stress and well-being. Age differences and the adaptive role of coping are discussed within a developmental framework.

scholarly journals Religiosity Among Young-Adult Baby Boomers: Associations With Psychological Well-Being Over 45 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 507-508
Author(s):  
Kent Jason Cheng ◽  
Maria Brown ◽  
Woosang Hwang ◽  
Merril Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Past studies on the influence of religiosity on psychological well-being tended to be cross-sectional in nature and neglected generational differences. In this study, we assess how religiosity in early adulthood (mean age = 19) affects baby-boomers’ psychological well-being over the life course. We used waves 1 to 9 or 45 years of survey data from the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG) (N=798), a sample of Southern Californians. First, we used latent class analyses on five domains to identify three typologies of baby boomers’ religiosity in early adulthood. We call these typologies “strongly religious,” “weakly religious,” and “personally religious.” Then, we used latent growth curve modelling to ascertain the influence of these religiosity typologies on psychological wellbeing from waves 1 to 9, controlling for time-invariant (religious affiliation, age, sex, race, parental income) and varying (religious salience, education, marital status, and annual income) factors. We found that the strongly religious have a consistently upward psychological wellbeing trend throughout the study period whereas wellbeing started to decline for the weakly religious and personally religious at around wave 6, on when they were about mid-40s to almost 50. We provide evidence that religiosity in early adulthood – a period in life characterized by the exploration of various options for the future brought about by greater personal freedom – positively influences baby boomer’s psychological wellbeing over the life course.

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