Facets of the Irish Diaspora: ‘Irishness’ in 20th Century Scotland

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Football Club ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Arena ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Identity

This paper argues that Celtic Football Club has played a central organising role in establishing a common identity for Catholics of Irish descent in Scotland. Concentrating on evidence taken from discourse in the public media, it draws attention to reactions to this identity by other population groups. Such responses, which are frequently ferocious in the degree of rejection they express, highlight the effects of Celtic's role. It provides a public arena within which Irishness can be expressed; at the same time, it draws fire from hostile elements in the social setting. Tensions within the Irish community about their common identity may in part be responses to these reactions.

scholarly journals The Activities of Fr Friedrich Muckermann in 1918–1919 in Vilnius: A Significant Application Towards a Civil Society? (The Phenomenon of the Christian Workers League)

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-103
Author(s):  
Edmundas Gimžauskas
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Social Category ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Movements ◽  
General Operation ◽  
Significant Application

The activities of the German priest Friedrich Muckermann in Vilnius would belong to those cases when an extraordinary personality influenced crucially the development of the public process, by rallying an abundant crowd of followers. The assumptions of the social activities initiated by this Jesuit priest consisted of the transformation of the Catholic Church at the beginning of the 20th century from a confessional to a social category, and the conditioned general operation of the latter phenomenon. At the turn of 1918–1919 in Vilnius, due to the efforts of Muckermann, the League of Christian Workers appeared and gained more and more popularity in lower social strata. This seriously worried the Bolshevik government. Activists of the national movements conflicting with each other, in turn, understanding the prospects for the cultural-social consolidation begun by the priest to become political, naturally sought to influence the League. The arrest of Muckermann by the Bolsheviks not only encouraged a shift by the League to the Polish side, but also changed the nature of the organisation in the direction of radical action. Members of the League contributed actively to the capture of Vilnius by the Polish army in April 1919. And from that time, the organisation can be considered to be Polish, which in no way could be said about the League run by Muckermann. Leaving Bolshevik captivity at the end of 1919 in an exceptional way, he became not only a famous Catholic activist in interwar Germany, but also a symbol of the Christian resistance to Nazism.

scholarly journals Scientific Racism on Display: Representations of Indigenous Cultures and Societies at the Turn of the 20th Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
Christina Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
World's Fairs ◽  
Scientific Racism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Public Arena ◽  
World’S Fairs

Through the analysis of photographs and newspapers, I analyze specific representations of indigenous people and cultures in the public arena, such as in museums and World’s Fairs. Using and modifying Edward Said’s model of Orientalism, I argue that these representations reinforced problematic and damaging ideas about aboriginal people.

scholarly journals KARYA SASTRA SEBAGAI DOKUMEN SOSIAL DALAM TRILOGI CERPEN PENEMBAK MISTERIUS KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA-OBJEKTIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Suantoko Suantoko
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
New Order ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
Social Events ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Document

The Seno Gumira Ajidarma short story collected in the Penembak Misterius trilogy is very interesting to read. In addition, as a social document, the collection of short stories can be identified a social setting that actually became a place of social events occurred, the social setting of the Penembak Misterius that occurred during the New Order era in the 1980s. More precisely the social setting created at the party meeting officials in a hotel, the shootings through the night, and the violence of the state apparatus. The social context referred to by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a mysterious shooting incident known as "petrus" during the New Order period. It is intended to denounce the practice of legal violence from the action of "petrus." As a social document or even a social critique of the New Order rule, the Penembak Misterius trilogy comes as a social relation of literary works to social reality. That is because, the silence of the conscience is very interesting shown by the assassin. When the issue of "Petrus" is about to be removed from the memory of society, this trilogy is present in the public. The presence of the "Petrus" trilogy depicted in not only be seen as a social document but also a lawsuit against social reality in the New Order era.

scholarly journals The Foundations of N.K. Mikhailovsky's Theory. Formation of “Subjective Sociology”, Late 1860s – mid-1870s

2021 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Andrey Teslya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (1842–1904) is one of the most well-known and influential Russian publicists of the last third of the 19th and the beginning of 20th century, ideologist of the Narodniki movement, the author of the conception known as “subjective sociology” and the editor of journal Russian wealth at the end of his life. Yet, while his role in the history of Russian social movement or literary-aesthetic views have been quite fully studied, his social theory has rarely become the object of the special analysis during the last century. On the one hand, it was shadowed by the theories which appeared earlier and had more influence even abroad (outside the Russian empire) as, for example, the ideas of Herzen, Bakunin, Chernyshevsky, Lavrov. On the other hand, Mikhaylovsky, who was severely criticized by Russian social democrats in 1894–1901, was perceived as a rather weak theorist. In this article, we demonstrate the essential differences between the early conceptual advances of Mikhaylovsky and P.L. Lavrov and assert that the conception of the former was influenced both by the rethinking of the Darwinism from a viewpoint of understanding of nature and by the conclusions for social theory. Unlike Lavrov, Mikhaylovsky, as well as Herzen, was an advocate of non-teleological understanding of progress and favored the interpretation of history as logical yet free from strict determinism. In conclusion, Mikhaylovsky’s opinion about the society, which was formed at the end of 1860s – first quarter of 1870s, appears as a quite consistent and elaborated system, an answer to the theoretical challenges. Firstly, on the part of the Darwinism and the attempt to apply it to the analysis of the society. Secondly, on the part of the organicism. Lastly, we give an interpretation to the decline of the public interest to the social theory of Mikhaylovsky at the end of the 19th – beginning of 20th century.

scholarly journals Social and Cultural Relations in Islamic Law in Javanese Context: KH. Bisri Musthofa’s Thoughts on Qur’an and Hadith Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akmaluddin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social

In epistemological studies, environment creates knowledge and meaning of life for society. Knowledge is used to achieve goals and expectations of society. As result and product of society, knowledge reflects existing phenomenon and information. The presence or the absence of innovative knowledge is determined by the existing knowledge system in the society. Studies of Islamic law epistemology in Indonesia, especially on the north coast of Java, are connected to the social and cultural settings. Social setting influences the study of the Qur’an and Hadith toward relations between individuals and groups and their behaviors. Cultural setting influences the authors of Qur’anic and Hadith commentary to negotiate their understanding of customs and traditions. Both settings influence Islamic law in Java. Thus, the understanding of the Islamic law on the north coast of Java is not only by passive, imitative and following the thinking in the Arabian peninsula. The interpretation of the Qur’an and the understanding of Hadith in Java show the existence of an active, creative and continuing process of negotiation on the realities of society, social and culture. The process is then reconciling both sources of law, among religious texts and cultural and social reality, and between sharia and haqiqa. The reconciling shows that Islamic law is in its epistemic space on the north coast of Java in the 20th century.

Environmental Justice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Rogge
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Arena ◽  
Political Voice ◽  
Health And Well Being

The concept of environmental justice gained currency in the public arena during the latter part of the 20th century. It embodies social work's person-in-environment perspective and dedication to people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and poor. The pursuit of environmental justice engages citizens in local to international struggles for economic resources, health, and well-being, and in struggles for political voice and the realization of civil and human rights.

scholarly journals The Social Shaping of Nuclear Energy Technology in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Rennkamp ◽  
Radhika Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
African Government ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Energy Emissions

This chapter analyses the question why the South African government intends to procure nuclear energy technology, despite affordable and accessible fossil and renewable energy alternatives. The authors analyse the social shaping of nuclear energy technology based on the statements of political actors in the public media. The authors combine a discourse network analysis with qualitative analysis to establish the coalitions in support and opposition of the programme. The central arguments in the debate are cost, safety, job creation, the appropriateness of nuclear energy, emissions reductions, transparency, risks for corruption, and geopolitical influences. The analysis concludes that the nuclear programme is not primarily about generating electricity, as it creates tangible benefits for the coalition of supporters.

scholarly journals Automating Historical Source Transcription

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Gunnar Thorvaldsen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Central Population ◽  
Text Version

Transcribing the 1950 Norwegian census with 3.3 million person records and linking it to the Central Population Register (CPR) provides longitudinal information about significant population groups during the understudied period of the mid-20th century. Since this source is closed to the public, we receive no help from genealogists and rather use machine learning techniques to semi-automate the transcription. First the scanned manuscripts are split into individual cells and multiple names are divided. After the birthdates were transcribed manually in India, a lookup routine searches for families with matching sets of birthdates in the 1960 census and the CPR. After manual checks with GUI routines, the names are copied to the text version of the 1950 census, also storing the links to the CPR. Other fields like occupations or gender contain numeric or letter codes and are transcribed wholesale with routines interpreting the layout of the graphical images. Work employing these methods has also started on the 1930 census, which is the last of the Norwegian censuses to be transcribed.

scholarly journals The Social and Political Significance of Technology-Driven Organisational Change: Discursive Battles to Frame, Define and Decide in ‘a Space of Points of View’

2021 ◽  
pp. 089331892110622
Author(s):  
Jette Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Organisational Change ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Relations Of Power

Struggles over new organisational technology are, almost without exception, studied inside organisations. This paper aims to advance our understanding of how technology is embedded in social forces and relations of power that reach beyond individual organisations. It examines the ongoing discursive struggles in public media outlets between consultant doctors and regional actors concerning a controversial electronic health record (EHR) system, called the Health Platform, which was implemented in 20 Danish hospitals. A theoretical framework inspired by Bourdieu’s understanding of discursive activity in a field subsumed in a multi-level and cultural understanding of framing is used to examine the interests connected to platform design and its organisational future states. It is demonstrated that winning the support of the public is pivotal in the construction of frames by both groups of actors in their efforts to define problems and solutions and, ultimately, influence a political decision concerning the platform’s future.

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