Order and Disorder in Sangam Poems: On the Basics of Paanar-Puluvar Tradition

The theory of law, which deals with supernatural powers, shaped the myth of the celestial sphere. Religions that justify birth and gender segregation and produce slave bodies to adapt to the prevailing social conditions. Orders created to protect the power and interests of the rulers are influential in the name of rules from time to time. When one insists on order, disorder automatically reigns. When laying down rules as to what should be strictly followed, what should be excluded is defined as irregularity. In the Sangam Age Tamils insisted on the rules to be followed in practical life, contrary to the rules of good and bad. Such orders, in turn, were called virtues. At the same time the notion that disorder is anti-social as a whole was emphasized. Rules and exemptions are widely used to emphasize order and disorder in the interests of those who economically dominate society. The order and disorder recorded by the Sangam literary works have become the social document of ancient Tamils.

The Constantinople Patriarchate and Orthodoxy in the US Politics: From Roosevelt to Biden

This article studies the US administration's policy towards the Orthodox Church, its historical genesis and the factors influencing the current situation in the Orthodox world. The key role in this direction of the US politics belongs to the Constantinople Patriarchate as a tool for confronting Russia and dividing the Orthodox world. The author examines the connections of the new US President Joe Biden with the Constantinople Patriarchate, including the facts of Constantinople's support of Biden's political course. Constantinople's latest social document and hierarchical actions demonstrate loyalty to the US Administration's policy and globalist ideas, in addition to Constantinople's attempts to politicize the religious factor in promoting “democracy”. The cooperation between the Constantinople Patriarchate and US Administration, which began in 1940s, resulted in high dependence of this church structure upon the US political interests. The author states that Fener and Washington support each other and coordinate their actions: they have attempted open aggression against the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church as a whole, which resulted in destroying the unity of the Orthodox world. The Constantinople Patriarchate's affiliation with the political interests of the United States and the Democratic Party leads them to avoid criticizing abortion and LGBT ideology and preventing the development of modernist tendencies within their Church. This causes discontent among priests and laymen, as well as their departure for other jurisdictions, including the Russian Orthodox Church. In the coming years, the dramatic events in the Orthodox world will most likely continue, and the US will proceed using one of the oldest local churches in its political interests.

تصوير مجتمع مصر في مجموعة القصيدة "الديوان الأول" لهشام الجخ عند نظرية آلان سوينجوود

The purpose of this study was to know the representation of Egyptian society in Hisyam Algakh poems “Ad- Diwaan Al-Awwal” based on the perspective of Alan swingewood's first literary work as social document at the time of the work's creation.This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The primary source of data used in the study are the three of Hisyam Algakh poems “Ad- Diwaan Al-Awwal” entitled ar-Risalah al-Akhirah, Masyhadu Ra’si Fi Miidan at-Tahrir dan at-Ta’syirah. The data collection techniques used by researchers in this study are reading, translation, and note-taking techniques. The data validation technique in this study consists of increasing diligence, triangulation, discussions with experts. The data analysis technique used in the study of the Miles Huberman model are reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show representation of Egyptian society in the poetry collection “Ad- Diwan Al- Awaal” by Hisyam Algakh, there are 4 descriptions: a) a complaints against to the head of state that does not hear the sigh of its people; b) the misery of society resulting from authoritarian leadership; c) the hope of the Egyptian people; and d) nationalism conceived in the form of love for the fatherland and the Arabs.

Becoming Me: Journey from the ‘South’

The rallying cry of “Black Lives Matter” that reverberated all through the U.S. after the George Floyd murder case brought to light the reality that racism is a living reality in the American soil. It is no legend of the past. It is not a bygone history. Therein lies the significance of the inspiring memoir by the former First Lady of the United States. Michelle Obama’s Becoming is more than a memoir. It is a social document that faithfully portrays the ground reality of ‘Being Black’ and ‘Becoming Black' in a “White Society”. In her memoir, while recounting her rise from modest origins to the closest this country has to nobility, Michelle is taking the readers on an intimate tour of everyday African-American life. Her book illustrates how all Americans must part with the idea of post-racial society, the quaint notion that race and racism are relics of the United States’ long-ago past. In the memoir, she establishes that prejudice is so woven into the fabric of America that it won’t be gone in her lifetime, or even longer. The article“Becoming Me: Journey from the ‘South” traces the early stages of her life as a “striver”, residing in the ‘South’ side of Chicago, identified with the city’s African American population

„Zwijanie” ponowoczesności. O nowym realizmie Maurizia Ferrarisa

This article presents the views of Maurizio Ferraris, one of today’s best-known Italian middle-generation philosophers. Since the end of the 1990s, he has been constructing a concept he calls new realism. It is a critique of postmodernism defined in the broad sense, which, in Ferraris’ view, is characterised by the primacy of interpretation over facts, epistemology over ontology, conceptual schemes over reality. Ferraris assumes the possibility of strictly separating the two cognitive activities: the primary determination of facts and their secondary interpretation. Ferraris’ realist views are also expressed in his aesthetics and the concept of social document, founded on the notion of trace understood in the material sense. The author also attempts to critique Ferraris’ views on his understanding of realism and interpretation.