The Role of the Placenta in Perinatal Stroke: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 773-783
Author(s):  
Bithi Roy ◽  
Susan Arbuckle ◽  
Karen Walker ◽  
Catherine Morgan ◽  
Claire Galea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Perinatal Stroke ◽  
Causal Pathway

Context: Placental pathology may be an important missing link in the causal pathway of perinatal stroke. The study aim was to systematically review the literature regarding the role of the placenta in perinatal stroke. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched from 2000 to 2019. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria. To enable comparisons, placental abnormalities were coded using Redline’s classification. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Less than a quarter of stroke cases had placental pathology reported. Placental abnormalities were more common among children with perinatal stroke than in the control group. The most frequent placental abnormality was Redline’s category 2 (thrombo-inflammatory process). Conclusions: Placental abnormalities appear to be associated with perinatal stroke, supporting additional indirect evidence and biological plausibility of a causative role. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously considering the low frequency of placental examination and lack of uniformity in placental pathology reporting. Clinical Trial Registration: PROSPERO Registration no: CRD42017081256.

What Is Measured in Bereavement Treatment for Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-387
Author(s):  
Kristine Jensen de López ◽  
Hanne Søndergaard Knudsen ◽  
Tia G. B. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Parentally Bereaved ◽  
Bereaved Children ◽  
Death Of A Parent ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Objective Childhood bereavement from parental death can be a significant stressor. Treatment studies vary largely on how the effect of the grief treatment is measured. This sytematic review evaluates whether controlled bereavement intervention studies focus on symptomatalogy or grief as outcome measure and also summarizes the effect of grief treatment. Method For inclusion in the review, studies must report on children or adolesecents who experienced the death of a parent or sibling, must have a control group and must report results of a grief treatment. Results Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and reported in total on 30 different outcome measures. Only two studies measured grief as a separate outcome and both showed promising results for the treatment of grief with bereaved children. Conclusions Systematic use of validated measures of prolonged grief in treatment studies is needed. Implications of the findings and recommendations for future studies are discussed in the perspective of complicated grief becoming part of the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Grief interventions for parentally bereaved youth is promising but lack consistent use of reliable grief measures for solid documentation of the effect. The specific role of parenting and culture for the outcome of the intervention should be investigated in more detail.

scholarly journals Role of metformin pregravid preparation patients with prediabetes impaired glucose toletance

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Konstantinovich Komarov ◽  
Tamara Aleksandrovna Pluzhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Insulin Resistence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Tasks of investigation were concluded the characterization of insulin resistence (IR) and hormonal features in patients with prediabetes and influence of diet or metformin on the course of pregnancy and perinatal complications. There were examined 61 womans. The OGTT, definition of insulin levels in plasma and index IR were performed in all patiens. OGTT and index IR were normal in 14 womans (control group I). OGTT was normal but index IR was impared in 33 womans (group IR - II). From this group 22 womans were treated with diet (II A group) and 11 womans treated with metformin (IIB group). OGTT and index IR were abnormal in 14 womans (impared OGTT - III group), they were treated with metformin. Dose of metformin was 1500 mg/d, threatment was continueted for 3-4 manths. Conclusion: Used indexes IR basal and two hour after glucose load were significant in definition of normal and decreased insulin sensitivity (IR). Presence of IR is accompanied by high level of free testosterone in blood without impared secretion of ovarian and suprarenal androgens. There was impared sensitivity of endometrium of secretory stage. The frequency of obstetric and perinatal complications in patients receiving diet not differ from patients treated with metformin. There was only a tendercy to low frequency of threatening miscarriages befor 12 weeks of gestations in paitiens receiving metformin. Development of GDM was observed in 13,1 % of patiens only with presence of IR. The use of metformin in pregravidal stage preserved the development of macrosomia in offsprings of patients with prediabetes.

scholarly journals Ambulatory chest physiotherapy in mild-to-moderate acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age — A randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Frederico Ramos Pinto ◽  
Ana Silva Alexandrino ◽  
Liane Correia-Costa ◽  
Ineˆs Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Chest Physiotherapy ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Respiratory Status ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the role of a chest physiotherapy (CP) intervention to no intervention on the respiratory status of children under two years of age, with mild-to-moderate bronchiolitis. Methods: Out of 80 eligible children observed in the Emergency Room, 45 children completed the study with 28 randomized to the intervention group and 17 to the control group. The intervention protocol, applied in an ambulatory setting, consisted of combined techniques of passive prolonged slow expiration, rhinopharyngeal clearance and provoked cough. The control group was assessed with no chest physiotherapy intervention. The efficacy of chest physiotherapy was assessed using the Kristjansson Respiratory Score at the admission and discharge of the visit to the Emergency Room and during clinical visits at day 7 and day 15. Results: There was a significant improvement in the Kristjansson Respiratory Score in the intervention group compared to the control group at day 15 [1.2 (1.5) versus 0.3 (0.5); [Formula: see text]-value[Formula: see text], in the control and intervention groups, respectively], with a mean difference (95% CI) of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: Chest physiotherapy had a positive impact on the respiratory status of children with mild-to-moderate bronchiolitis. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04260919 .

Lithogenic Potential of Ureaplasma in Chronic Prostatitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vittorio Magri ◽  
Gianpaolo Perletti ◽  
Konstantinos Stamatiou ◽  
Emanuele Montanari ◽  
Alberto Trinchieri
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The role of <i>Ureaplasma</i> spp. (UPs) in the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis is debated. The lithogenic potential of UPs could be a risk factor for the development of chronic prostatitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 143 patients with identification of UPs were retrospectively selected from a database including patients with prostatitis-like symptoms who were studied according to the same protocol including clinical, microbiological and microscopic evaluation, and transrectal prostate ultrasound. A control group of patients with negative UPs was considered including 393 with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), 42 patients with <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (CT), and 781 patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. UPs and <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> (MH) were identified using a semiquantitative assay. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Calcifications were observed more frequently in patients with UPs (64%) than in patients with CBP without UPs (39%), CT infection (37%), and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (29%) (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). UPs were isolated in VB1 alone in 35 patients (urethral UPs), in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) or post-massage urine (VB3) or sperm in 77 patients (prostatic UPs) and associated with other pathogens in 31 patients (associated UPs). Calcifications were more frequent in prostatic UPs (71%) and associated UPs (73%) than in urethral UPs (34%). Mean NIH-CPSI scores were not significantly different between groups, although mean WBC counts of sperm of patients with urethral UPs were significantly lower than in patients with prostatic UPs (<i>p</i> = 0.000) and associated UPs (<i>p</i> = 0.002). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> UPs identification in the urogenital fluids is related to higher rates of prostate calcifications. The ability of UPs to promote the formation of calcifications could be related to the chronicization of prostate infection. In particular, the presence of UPs in VB3/EPS/sperm is associated with higher rates of calcifications and high WBC sperm counts, suggesting a partial or full causative role of UPs in the pathogenesis of this disease.

The lizard abides: cold hardiness and winter refuges of Liolaemus pictus argentinus in Patagonia, Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 773-782
Author(s):  
N.R. Cecchetto ◽  
S.M. Medina ◽  
S. Taussig ◽  
N.R. Ibargüengoytía
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

In environments where the temperature periodically drops below zero, it is remarkable that some lizards can survive. Behaviorally, lizards can find microsites for overwintering where temperatures do not drop as much as the air temperature. Physiologically, they can alter their biochemical balance to tolerate freezing or avoid it by supercooling. We evaluated the cold hardiness of a population of Liolaemus pictus argentinus Müller and Hellmich, 1939 in the mountains of Esquel (Patagonia, Argentina) during autumn. Additionally, we assessed the thermal quality (in degree-days) of potential refuges in a mid-elevation forest (1100 m above sea level (asl)) and in the high Andean steppe (1400 m asl). We analyzed the role of urea, glucose, total proteins, and albumin as possible cryoprotectants, comparing a group of lizards gradually exposed to temperatures lower than 0 °C with a control group maintained at room temperature. However, we found no evidence to support the presence of freeze tolerance or supercooling mechanisms in this species as related to the analyzed metabolites. Instead, the low frequency of degree-days below 0 °C and temperatures never lower than −3 °C in potential refuges suggest that L. p. argentinus might avoid physiological investments (such as supercooling and freeze tolerance) by behaviorally selecting appropriate refuges to overcome cold environmental temperatures.

scholarly journals The role of parenteral tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in normal labour

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4558
Author(s):  
Nandhini C. C. ◽  
Shanmugapriya .
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Third Stage

Background: Obstetric blood loss can be reduced by using anti-fibrinolytic agents.Methods: 200 patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. In each patient pre-delivery and post-delivery vital parameters and blood indices were noted. The study group received injection tranexamic acid while the control group received only placebo injection in addition to the active management of third stage of labour. The amount of blood loss immediately after delivery and 2 hours after delivery were measured using blood drape and pre-weighed pads respectively.Results: There was a significant increase in the pulse rate and decrease in blood pressure in the control group. The post-delivery hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly reduced in the control group. The blood loss at the end of 2 hours was more in the control group. The usage of additional uterotonics, need for blood transfusion, and duration of hospital stay was also increased in the control group.Conclusions: Tranexamic acid injection, an antifibrinolytic agent given intravenously after the delivery of the baby appears to reduce blood loss during normal vaginal delivery effectively.

scholarly journals Revisiting protein aggregation as pathogenic in sporadic Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Espay ◽  
Joaquin A. Vizcarra ◽  
Luca Marsili ◽  
Anthony E. Lang ◽  
David K. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Pathologic Finding ◽  
Delay Cell ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Β Amyloid

The gold standard for a definitive diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is the pathologic finding of aggregated α-synuclein into Lewy bodies and for Alzheimer disease (AD) aggregated amyloid into plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau into tangles. Implicit in this clinicopathologic-based nosology is the assumption that pathologic protein aggregation at autopsy reflects pathogenesis at disease onset. While these aggregates may in exceptional cases be on a causal pathway in humans (e.g., aggregated α-synuclein in SNCA gene multiplication or aggregated β-amyloid in APP mutations), their near universality at postmortem in sporadic PD and AD suggests they may alternatively represent common outcomes from upstream mechanisms or compensatory responses to cellular stress in order to delay cell death. These 3 conceptual frameworks of protein aggregation (pathogenic, epiphenomenon, protective) are difficult to resolve because of the inability to probe brain tissue in real time. Whereas animal models, in which neither PD nor AD occur in natural states, consistently support a pathogenic role of protein aggregation, indirect evidence from human studies does not. We hypothesize that (1) current biomarkers of protein aggregates may be relevant to common pathology but not to subgroup pathogenesis and (2) disease-modifying treatments targeting oligomers or fibrils might be futile or deleterious because these proteins are epiphenomena or protective in the human brain under molecular stress. Future precision medicine efforts for molecular targeting of neurodegenerative diseases may require analyses not anchored on current clinicopathologic criteria but instead on biological signals generated from large deeply phenotyped aging populations or from smaller but well-defined genetic–molecular cohorts.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

The Use of Posterior Pericardiotomy Technique to Prevent Postoperative Pericardial Effusion in Cardiac Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canturk Cakalagaoglu ◽  
Cengiz Koksal ◽  
Ayse Baysal ◽  
Gokhan Alici ◽  
Birol Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Pericardial Tamponade ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospital Stays

<p><b>Aim:</b> The goal was to determine the effectiveness of the posterior pericardiotomy technique in preventing the development of early and late pericardial effusions (PEs) and to determine the role of anxiety level for the detection of late pericardial tamponade (PT).</p><p><b>Materials and Methods:</b> We divided 100 patients randomly into 2 groups, the posterior pericardiotomy group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50). All patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), valvular heart surgery, or combined valvular and CABG surgeries were included. The posterior pericardiotomy technique was performed in the first group of 50 patients. Evaluations completed preoperatively, postoperatively on day 1, before discharge, and on postoperative days 5 and 30 included electrocardiographic study, chest radiography, echocardiographic study, and evaluation of the patient's anxiety level. Postoperative causes of morbidity and durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays were recorded.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The 2 groups were not significantly different with respect to demographic and operative data (<i>P</i> > .05). Echocardiography evaluations revealed no significant differences between the groups preoperatively; however, before discharge the control group had a significantly higher number of patients with moderate, large, and very large PEs compared with the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .01). There were 6 cases of late PT in the control group, whereas there were none in the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .05). Before discharge and on postoperative day 15, the patients in the pericardiotomy group showed significant improvement in anxiety levels (<i>P</i> = .03 and .004, respectively). No differences in postoperative complications were observed between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Pericardiotomy is a simple, safe, and effective method for reducing the incidence of PE and late PT after cardiac surgery. It also has the potential to provide a better quality of life.</p>

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document