scholarly journals Adolescent Experiences of Violence Victimizations Among Minors Who Exchange Sex/Experience Minor Sex Trafficking

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen ◽  
Sandra L. Martin ◽  
Carolyn T. Halpern ◽  
John S. Preisser ◽  
Catherine Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Sex Exchange

This work investigates the associations between experiences of domestic minor sex trafficking and adolescent interpersonal violence victimizations, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and community violence. Abuse and violence in childhood are commonly proposed as risk factors for domestic minor sex trafficking. However, less is known about how interpersonal violence victimizations in adolescence connect to domestic minor sex trafficking experiences. The poly-victimization framework provides a means to understand domestic minor sex trafficking as a type of violence amid a web of additional interconnected violence victimizations. Efforts to better understand the interpersonal violence experienced by survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking are valuable in contextualizing trafficking experiences for adolescents. Data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a population-based sample of adolescents in the United States ( n = 12,605) were used to examine experiences of domestic minor sex trafficking for minor respondents, as measured through questions about exchanging sex for money or drugs. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations between domestic minor sex trafficking and IPV or community violence, while controlling for demographic variables and adolescent risk behaviors. Minors who experience community violence had significantly greater odds of having exchanged sex (aOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.32 -2.64). However, IPV was not significantly associated with minors’ experiences of sex exchange (aOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.85 -1.54). Alcohol or drug use (aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.32 -2.65) and having run away (aOR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.53 -2.72) were also significantly associated with minor sex exchange. As experiences of domestic minor sex trafficking were significantly associated with community violence victimizations, prevention and intervention efforts targeting youth at high risk for or survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking should consider how community violence victimizations impact these adolescent populations, and programming/messaging should be adjusted to account for these additional violence victimizations.

scholarly journals An Integrated Public Health Approach to Interpersonal Violence and Suicide Prevention and Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 65S-79S ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Decker ◽  
Holly C. Wilcox ◽  
Charvonne N. Holliday ◽  
Daniel W. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Related

Violence is a leading source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In this article, we suggest a public health framework for preventing community violence, intimate partner violence and sexual violence, and suicide as key forms of interpersonal and self-directed violence. These types of violence often co-occur and share common risk and protective factors. The gender, racial/ethnic, and age-related disparities in violence risk can be understood through an intersectionality framework that considers the multiple simultaneous identities of people at risk. Important opportunities for cross-cutting interventions exist, and intervention strategies should be examined for potential effectiveness on multiple forms of violence through rigorous evaluation. Existing evidence-based approaches should be taken to scale for maximum impact. By seeking to influence the policy and normative context of violence as much as individual behavior, public health can work with the education system, criminal justice system, and other sectors to address the public health burden of interpersonal violence and suicide.

Estimating the Influence of Incarceration on Subsequent Experience With Violence Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the HPTN061 Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Typhanye V. Dyer ◽  
Jonathan Feelemyer ◽  
Joy D. Scheidell ◽  
Rodman E. Turpin ◽  
Russell Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Sex With Men

Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States. Incarceration is a barrier to health equity and may be a risk factor for experiences of interpersonal violence. However, the effect of incarceration on experienced violence among BMSM is understudied. We examined associations between recent incarceration on subsequent experiences of race- or sexuality-based violence, intimate partner violence, or community violence. We analyzed data from the HPTN 061 study. Analysis includes data on 1,169 BMSM recruited from 6 U.S. cities who were present at baseline as well as 6- and 12-month follow-up interview. We tested if self-reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months was associated with self-reported outcomes between 6 and 12 months using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting and multiple imputation methods. Experienced outcomes included violence due to race or sexuality, intimate partner violence and aggression, and community violence (i.e., gang violence, robbery, shooting). Approximately 14% reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months and 90% reported experiencing violence between 6 and 12 months. In adjusted analyses, incarceration was associated with subsequent race- or sexuality-based violence [a OR (adjusted odds ratio) range: 1.25-1.41, 95% CI (confidence interval) range: 1.00-1.74], experiences of physical abuse and aggression from intimate partners (a OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.70) and community violence ( OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.72). Recent incarceration experience increased risk of exposure to future violence in this population. Mixed methods research examining mediating paths between and downstream effects of incarceration and violence on the wellbeing and health of BMSM is needed. We implore researchers to study violence and incarceration among BMSM. Practitione should implement strategies such as trauma-informed interventions, and policies strengthening the social and economic support needs of Black populations.

scholarly journals An Analysis of College Students’ Perceptions on Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in Pine Bluff, Arkansas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Janette Wheat ◽  
Patricia Shavers ◽  
Marilyn Bailey
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking ◽  
Child Sex Trafficking ◽  
Modern Day Slavery ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is modern-day slavery of children and the commercial sexual abuse of children through buying, selling, or trading their sexual services.  DMST is a form of child abuse.  The victim can be any person of nationality, age, socioeconomic status, or gender. In America, throughout college campuses, a lot of students are not informed of domestic minor sex trafficking. When thinking about domestic minor sex trafficking, most people do not think that this crime happens in our country, better yet our state of Arkansas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of college students attending the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff on domestic minor sex trafficking in our country and in our state of Arkansas (a crime that is growing aggressively in the United States). Fifty participants who were students attending the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff participated in the study. Participants consisted of male and female students between the ages of 18 to 25 (N = 30 Females; N = 20 Males). Survey data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Participants responded to ten yes or no descriptive questions about domestic minor sex trafficking (e.g., Questions like: have you heard about domestic minor sex trafficking; and do you think child sex trafficking is an organized crime). The data yielded both quantitative and qualitative results. Results showed that female students were more knowledgeable and were more aware of DMST than males. Implications for interventions will be discussed. Further research also is suggested.

Global Surge in Intimate Partner Violence after Mandatory Lockdown: Implications for Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Butool Hisam ◽  
Mohammad Nadir Haider ◽  
Ghazala Saleem ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue

We are observing with great concern the global spread of the COVID19 Pandemic. What is equally alarming is a less visible, albeit serious Public health issue; one that the United Nations has dubbed as the ‘Shadow Pandemic’ [1]. This is none other than the globally prevalent issue of violence against women, particularly Intimate Partner Violence. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a serious, possibly preventable public health problem globally. Pakistan ranks among the countries with the highest IPV rates [2]. On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the highly infectious and lethal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic [3]. Drastic measures were enforced universally to curb the spread of COVID-19. Countries issued strict nationwide lockdowns to isolate the population and implemented social distancing. The economy was impacted tremendously, and many people experienced financial and emotional hardship during this mandatory confinement. While everyone was affected, one population was in a far worse situation than others. Survivors of IPV were trapped alongside their perpetrators and faced difficulty/less freedom to escape threatening situations compared to the past. It is not surprising given that historical periods of uncertainty such as war or economic crisis have resulted in increased interpersonal violence, including violence against women [4].  The Hubei province of China, the first region to undergo a lockdown, saw nearly a doubling of their rates of IPV with the start of COVID19 Pandemic.  Similarly, tragic stories gained nationwide coverage in the United States. IPV may also have risen in Pakistan, even if it is not being covered as extensively. During pandemics, fear causes us to minimize our personal needs and make sacrifices we would not normally make. This could be a reasonable approach for most but should not be for survivors of IPV. IPV survivors live in constant fear for themselves and their children; they are now devoid of their only means of mitigation; avoidance. Local woman’s support groups in Pakistan should act and spread awareness about this grim reality hiding underneath the Pandemic. Resources/funding should be made available for survivors to be able to reach out for support without having to leave the watchful eyes of their perpetrators. Public health officials ought to investigate and document the rise in IPV to help identify the leading causes of the increase. These steps will assist in developing crisis-specific guidelines to provide adequate resources for the future. Continuous....

Posttraumatic Growth as a Mediator of Self-Blame and Happiness in the Context of Interpersonal Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Moschella ◽  
Sidney Turner ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur at alarming rates in the United States. Prior research indicates that victims of traumatic events frequently experience both positive and negative changes as part of their recovery process. The present study aimed to further existing research by examining the relationship between self-blame, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and happiness when controlling for posttraumatic stress and time since victimization. The current study analyzed 357 women who had experienced at least one incident of SA or IPV. We found that PTG partially mediated the relationship between self-blame and happiness, suggesting that PTG only somewhat explains the impact of self-blame on victim happiness. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Interpersonal violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-392
Author(s):  
Rachel Jewkes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Underlying Causes

Interpersonal violence results in 404,000 deaths annually and substantial health and economic costs. Although there is an element of genetic susceptibility, its use largely a social construct and thus inherently preventable. Interpersonal violence encompasses child maltreatment, peer violence, youth violence, physical, sexual, emotional, and economic intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and elder abuse. While these appear as a disparate set of acts of violence, they are actually very closely interrelated and perpetrators of one form are at greater risk of perpetrating others, and may also have been victims. This chapter uses an ecological approach to understanding common risk factors and underlying causes and reveals the importance of individual-level, interpersonal- or relationship-level, community-level, and societal factors. Evidence of the preventability of interpersonal violence is demonstrated in the United States, where the prevalence of all forms has declined since 1990. This has not been convincingly attributed to any one intervention, and further suggests that a complex and multilevel programme of interpersonal violence prevention is required, targeting risk factors, and encompassing effective health responses to support victims.

Prevalence of Interpersonal Violence Among Latinas: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances R. Gonzalez ◽  
Lorraine T. Benuto ◽  
Jena B. Casas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Type Of Abuse

Violence against women continues to be a great concern in today’s society. In the United States, women experience high rates of interpersonal violence throughout their lifetime. Among Latinas, interpersonal violence is also highly prevalent however the wide variation of interpersonal prevalence rates among Latinas is problematic. The aims of this systematic review of the literature were to (1) document the prevalence rates of violence among Latinas, (2) determine the types of violence that Latinas are most impacted by, and (3) assess the prevalence rates of interpersonal across Latina subethnicities. The research was based on seven databases including PsycArticles, PsycCRITIQUES, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Social Services Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts, and PubMED for articles published from January 2007 up to July 2017. The following key words were used in the search: (Latinas OR Latinos OR Hispanics) AND (victim OR victimization) AND (domestic violence OR intimate partner violence OR Interpersonal Violence). We identified 41 articles in our search that reported rates of interpersonal violence which ranged from 1% to 83% with intimate partner violence and domestic violence being the most prevalent. Interpersonal violence was found to be more prevalent among individuals who identified as Mexican. Based on the findings, it is clear that efforts should be focused on conducting a lager national survey of interpersonal violence among Latinas. It would need to include subethnicity, immigration status, and type of abuse experienced and possibly add socioeconomic factors.

Knowledge discovery in research on domestic violence: an overview of the last fifty years

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Pereira Basilio ◽  
Valdecy Pereira ◽  
Max William Coelho Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Fernandes da Costa Neto ◽  
Orlinda Claudia Rosa de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Probabilistic Topic Modeling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The University

PurposeThe database of the Web of Science (WoS) was searched for publications from January 1945–May 7, 2020 on the topic of domestic violence in titles, abstracts and keywords. The references were analyzed using the R bibliometrix package, and abstracts were analyzed using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) with collapsed Gibbs sampling to obtain topics related to domestic violence.Design/methodology/approachThe aim of the study is to explore and provide an overview of research carried out on domestic violence, in its various aspects, over the past fifty years.FindingsAs a result of the research, the authors can assert that in the last fifty years, 32,298 authors have produced 19,495 documents on the theme of policing strategy and related subjects in 111 countries. Scientific production in this area grows at a rate of 12.81 per year. The United States of America is the leading country in publications with 48.14%, followed by the United Kingdom with 7.57% and Australia with 6.05%. Regarding universities, the highlight is the University of California with 664 publications, followed by the University of London with 515 and the University of North Carolina with 484. As for journals, the highlight is the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Journal of Family Violence and Violence Against Women, which account for more than 14.32% of all indexed literature. Regarding the authors, the highlight is Campbell J.C and Feder G. Probabilistic topic modeling revealed that 18% of the topics concentrate 90% of all tokens. Topic 1 accounts for 27.9% of the sample and conducts research related to intimate partner violence.Practical implicationsAs a practical implication of using the LDA in the bibliographic review, we infer that its capacity to explore large masses of data allows the researcher to explore an infinitely greater amount than the traditional methods of systematic literature review.Originality/valueThe value of these studies is summarized in the presentation of an overview on the theme in the last fifty years, offering the opportunity for other researchers to use this research as a starting point for other analyses.

The Influence of Victims’ Unmet Basic Needs as a Mediator in Trafficking Relationships: A Research Note

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Mary K. Twis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Permanent Resident ◽  
American Citizen ◽  
A Minor

Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is the commercial sexual exploitation of a minor American citizen or permanent resident within the United States. It is a human rights abuse and carries significant consequences for victims’ psychological, physical, and social health. To interrupt DMST victimization patterns, it is important for researchers and advocates to fully understand how victims’ vulnerabilities are exploited by different people in their lives, but investigations of DMST victim–trafficker relationships are largely unexplored in the literature. The purpose of this cross-sectional path analysis of archival data, therefore, is to explore the influence of victims’ unmet basic needs on their victimization within specific types of DMST relationships. The results of this study suggest that unmet basic needs may play less of a role in influencing victim–trafficker relationship type than might be hypothesized based upon broader understandings of human trafficking vulnerability.

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