Dietary Behavior and Predicted 10-Year Risk for a First Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Event Using the Pooled Cohort Risk Equations Among US Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Edwards ◽  
Elizabeth Crush ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose: The pooled cohort equations were developed in 2013 by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force to predict an individual’s 10-year risk of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate how predicted 10-year ASCVD event risk varies as a function of daily dietary behavior. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006. Participants: A total of 2362 adults aged 40 to 79 years. Measures: The ASCVD was assessed via the pooled cohort equations, with the Healthy Eating Index calculated from self-reported dietary behavior. Analysis: Multivariable linear and logistic regression. Results: Adults in the United States consuming a healthy diet (vs those not consuming a healthy diet) had an 88% increased odds of being at low risk for a future ASCVD event within the next 10 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-2.68; P < .001). Similarly, those eating a healthy diet had a 44% reduced odds of being at high risk for a future ASCVD event within the next 10 years (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34-0.93; P = .02). Conclusion: Among adults who were free of cardiovascular disease, those with a healthy diet had reduced odds of being at high risk for a 10-year ASCVD event.

scholarly journals Prediksi Tingkat Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskuler Aterosklerotik pada Pasien yang Berobat di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engelin E. Emor ◽  
Agnes L. Panda ◽  
Janry Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Framingham Risk

Abstract: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque on the artery wall causing dysfunction of anatomical and hemodynamic system of the heart and blood flow. There are many risk factors that cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease which are divided into modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. Prevention of this disease can be achieved with early detection, such as prediction the risk level of 10 years ahead of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). This study was aimed to obtain the risk level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients at Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado by using their medical records from September to October 2017. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. There were 100 samples obtained by using conclusive sampling technique. Of the 100 patients, 42 (42%) patients had low risk, 27 (27%) patients had moderate risk, and 31 (31%) patients had high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 10 years ahead. Conclusion: In this study, the highest percentage was in patients with low risk, followed by patients with high risk, and moderate risk.Keywords: ASCVD, Framingham Risk Score, Risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular sisease. Abstrak: Penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh adanya timbunan plak pada dinding arteri sehingga menyebabkan gangguan fungsional, anatomis serta sistem hemodinamis jantung dan pembuluh darah. Terdapat banyak faktor risiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik yang dibagi menjadi faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Pencegahan penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan deteksi dini, salah satunya yaitu dengan memrediksi tingkat risiko 10 tahun kedepan terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik dengan menggunakan Framingham Risk Score. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler ateroskerotik pada pasien di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medik pasien Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode September - Oktober 2017. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 100 orang dengan teknik pengambilan conclusive sampling. Terdapat 42 pasien (42%) dengan tingkat risiko rendah, 27 pasien (27%) dengan risiko sedang, dan 31 pasien (31%) dengan risiko tinggi terkena penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik 10 tahun kedepan. Simpulan: Pada studi ini, persentase tertinggi ialah pasien dengan tingkat risiko rendah terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik, diikuti tingkat risiko tinggi dan risiko sedang.Kata kunci: ASCVD, Framingham Risk Score, tingkat risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik

A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC PRIMARY PREVENTION REVIEW OF ASPIRIN ADMINISTRATION TO PREVENT CARDIOVASCULAR THROMBOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-793
Author(s):  
David S. Schade ◽  
Scott Burchiel ◽  
R. Philip Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
Reasonable Approach

Objective: Cardiovascular disease is the leading metabolic cause of mortality in the United States. Among current therapies, low-dose aspirin has been shown to reduce cardiovascular thrombosis. However, aspirin also causes major complications (hemorrhagic stroke and gastrointestinal bleeding). The American Heart Association recommends that aspirin only be prescribed for “high-risk” individuals. No guidelines are available as to the duration of aspirin therapy. Methods: A reasonable approach to aspirin administration is to determine the appropriateness of aspirin therapy based on the pathophysiology of coronary artery thrombosis. It suggests that the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score be used as the basis for determining “high risk.” This score was shown to accurately predict future cardiovascular events. The greater the CAC score, the greater the extent of coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque and future cardiovascular risk. Results: A CAC score >400 places an individual at very-high 10-year risk for an atherosclerotic event. Since aggressive medical therapy initiates stabilization of unstable atherosclerotic plaques within 1 month and reversal within 2 years, this treatment significantly reduces the risk of the individual for a cardiovascular event. Thus, most individuals aged <75 years with a CAC score of >400 should receive aspirin therapy for a maximum of 2 years. Conclusion: Utilization of a CAC score greatly simplifies the decision of whom to treat with aspirin and for what duration. Importantly, focusing on two factors (hemorrhage and plaque stabilization) is easily understood by both the physician and the patient. Abbreviations: CAC = coronary artery calcium; CVD = cardiovascular disease; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; OCT = optical coherence tomography

scholarly journals Scope and Social Determinants of Food Insecurity Among Adults With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwani Mahajan ◽  
Gowtham R. Grandhi ◽  
Javier Valero‐Elizondo ◽  
Reed Mszar ◽  
Rohan Khera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Food Security ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants

Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) results in high out‐of‐pocket healthcare expenditures predisposing to food insecurity. However, the burden and determinants of food insecurity in this population are unknown. Methods and Results Using 2013 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey data, we evaluated the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of food insecurity among adults with ASCVD in the United States. ASCVD was defined as self‐reported diagnosis of coronary heart disease or stroke. Food security was measured using the 10‐item US Adult Food Security Survey Module. Of the 190 113 study participants aged 18 years or older, 18 442 (adjusted prevalence 8.2%) had ASCVD, representing ≈20 million US adults annually. Among adults with ASCVD, 2968 or 14.6% (weighted ≈2.9 million US adults annually) reported food insecurity compared with 9.1% among those without ASCVD ( P <0.001). Individuals with ASCVD who were younger (odds ratio [OR], 4.0 [95% CI, 2.8–5.8]), women (OR, 1.2 [1.0–1.3]), non‐Hispanic Black (OR, 2.3 [1.9–2.8]), or Hispanic (OR, 1.6 [1.2–2.0]), had private (OR, 1.8 [1.4–2.3]) or no insurance (OR, 2.3 [1.7–3.1]), were divorced/widowed/separated (OR, 1.2 [1.0–1.4]), and had low family income (OR, 4.7 [4.0–5.6]) were more likely to be food insecure. Among those with ASCVD and 6 of these high‐risk characteristics, 53.7% reported food insecurity and they had 36‐times (OR, 36.2 [22.6–57.9]) higher odds of being food insecure compared with those with ≤1 high‐risk characteristic. Conclusion About 1 in 7 US adults with ASCVD experience food insecurity, with more than 1 in 2 adults reporting food insecurity among the most vulnerable sociodemographic subgroups. There is an urgent need to address the barriers related to food security in this population.

Abstract 15540: Prevalence and Sociodemographic Determinants of Food Insecurity Among Adults With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwani Mahajan ◽  
Gowtham R Grandhi ◽  
Javier Valero Elizondo ◽  
Isaac Acquah ◽  
Tamer Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants

Background: High out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures among US adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may expose them to food insecurity, which can lead to worse health outcomes. However, few studies have examined the prevalence and determinants of food insecurity in this population. Methods: Using data from the 2013-18 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative annual survey of the US, we assessed prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of food insecurity among adults (≥18 years) with ASCVD. Food insecurity was defined as 3+ affirmative responses on a validated 10-item questionnaire with a 30-day look-back period. Results: Among 190,113 adults included, 18,442 (8.2%; ~19.9 million US adults annually) had ASCVD (38.3% <65 years; 47.6% women). Overall, 14.6% adults with ASCVD (~2.9 million US adults annually) reported being food insecure compared with 9.1% among those without ASCVD. Among adults with ASCVD, those who were <65 years, women, Black or Hispanic, uninsured, and had low income had significantly higher odds of reporting food insecurity (Table). On assessment of the cumulative effect of these high-risk characteristics, 4.2% individuals were food insecure among those with ≤1 of these characteristics compared with 18.1%, 36.0%, and 43.7% among those with 2, 3, and ≥4 high-risk characteristics, respectively. Using multivariable analyses, individuals with 2, 3, and ≥4 high-risk characteristics had nearly 4-fold (OR 4.26, 95% CI 3.59-5.07), 10-fold (OR 9.73, 95% CI 8.15-11.62), and 15-fold (OR 15.34, 95% CI 12.07-19.49) higher odds of being food insecure compared with those with ≤1. Conclusion: Nearly 1 in 7 adults with ASCVD in the US reported food insecurity, with prevalence being as high as 50% among the most vulnerable sociodemographic subgroups. There is a critical need to address the hindrances relating to social determinants of health, including food insecurity, among adults with ASCVD in the US.

scholarly journals Association between Breakfast Frequency and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study of KNHANES Data, 2014–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ji Lee ◽  
Jieun Jang ◽  
Sang Ah Lee ◽  
Dong-Woo Choi ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ascvd Risk

The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing worldwide and one related lifestyle choice is breakfast consumption. This study examined the association between breakfast frequency and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). The 10-year risk of ASCVD was defined as the risk of the first event of nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, and nonfatal or fatal stroke within 10 years. Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014–2016 were analyzed, and 7212 participants aged 40–79 years with no history of CVD were included. ASCVD risk was calculated according to the pooled cohort ASCVD equation, and participants with a score >7.5% were considered at high risk of ASCVD. The association between breakfast frequency and high ASCVD risk was confirmed by logistic regression analysis. Participants who never ate breakfast were more likely to be in the high-risk group compared to participants who ate breakfast >5 times per week (OR (adjusted odds ratio) = 1.46; 95% CI (confidence interval) = 1.12–1.89), and the risk was especially higher in female participants and those with a family history of CVD. Our study confirms that breakfast consumption even once per week may prevent CVD.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Vitamin D, and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Whites and Blacks: The ARIC Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Chin ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Martin Tibuakuu ◽  
Seth S. Martin ◽  
Chiadi E. Ndumele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Aric Study

Abstract Context: Physical activity (PA) is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Both are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but their joint association with ASCVD risk is unknown. Objective: To examine the relationship between PA and 25(OH)D, and assess effect modification of 25(OH)D and PA with ASCVD. Design: Cross-sectional and prospective study. Setting: Community-dwelling cohort. Participants: A total of 10,342 participants free of ASCVD, with moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA assessed (1987 to 1989) and categorized per American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines (recommended, intermediate, or poor). Main Outcome Measures: Serum 25(OH)D levels (1990 to 1992) and ASCVD events (i.e., incident myocardial infarction, fatal coronary disease, or stroke) through 2013. Results: Participants had mean age of 54 years, and were 57% women, 21% black, 30% 25(OH)D deficient [&lt;20 ng/mL (&lt;50 nmol/L)], and &lt;40% meeting AHA-recommended PA. PA was linearly associated with 25(OH)D levels in whites. Whites meeting recommended PA were 37% less likely to have 25(OH)D deficiency [relative risk, 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56, 0.71)]; there was no significant association in blacks. Over 19.3 years of follow-up, 1800 incident ASCVD events occurred. Recommended PA was associated with reduced ASCVD risk [hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65, 0.93) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.93)] among participants with intermediate [20 to &lt;30 ng/mL (50 to &lt;75 nmol/L)] and optimal [≥30 ng/mL (≥75 nmol/L)] 25(OH)D, respectively, but not among those with deficient 25(OH)D (P for interaction = 0.04). Conclusion: PA is linearly associated with higher 25(OH)D levels in whites. PA and 25(OH)D may have synergistic beneficial effects on ASCVD risk.

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