Is Fat Absorbed through the Peritoneum?

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mitwalli Helen ◽  
Rodella Lidia Brandes ◽  
Ian Wanless Wu George ◽  
Raymond Ogilvie ◽  
Holger Schilling James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Total Fat

A 10% fat solution (Liposyn) was infused (50 mi/kg) into the peritoneal cavity of four normal rabbits and left for five hours. Changes in the intraperitoneal volume were measured by using the radioactive albumin dilution technique. After an initial ultrafiltration, which peaked at one hour, the solution began to be absorbed and approximately 30% of the initial volume was removed at five hours. At the end of the infusion, dialysate fat concentration decreased to 85% of the initial value but the absolute amount absorbed was approximately 40% of the infused amount. Plasma total fat increased from 0.16 ± 0.03 to 1.35 ± 0.49 g/100 ml and plasma triglycerides increased from 94.7 ± 57.5 to 1247.8 ± 6.46 mg/100 ml. We observed no histological changes in the liver of the rabbits and the transmission electron microscopy demonstrated passage of lipid droplets into the mesenteric interstitium. The presence of droplets in micropinocytotic vesicles indicates that at least some of the lipid is transported through the cell by vesicular diacytosis. Our data indicate that fat emulsion is absorbed through the peritoneum slowly as the infused volume is absorbed. Under these conditions the solution cannot be used as a dialysis solution, but may be used for total parenteral nutrition in patients with normal kidney function who have no vascular access.

scholarly journals Subcellular Investigation of Photosynthesis-Driven Carbon Assimilation in the Symbiotic Reef Coral Pocillopora damicornis

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Kopp ◽  
Isabelle Domart-Coulon ◽  
Stephane Escrig ◽  
Bruno M. Humbel ◽  
Michel Hignette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reef Coral ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Isotopic Labeling ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACT  Reef-building corals form essential, mutualistic endosymbiotic associations with photosynthetic Symbiodinium dinoflagellates, providing their animal host partner with photosynthetically derived nutrients that allow the coral to thrive in oligotrophic waters. However, little is known about the dynamics of these nutritional interactions at the (sub)cellular level. Here, we visualize with submicrometer spatial resolution the carbon and nitrogen fluxes in the intact coral-dinoflagellate association from the reef coral Pocillopora damicornis by combining nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and transmission electron microscopy with pulse-chase isotopic labeling using [13C]bicarbonate and [15N]nitrate. This allows us to observe that (i) through light-driven photosynthesis, dinoflagellates rapidly assimilate inorganic bicarbonate and nitrate, temporarily storing carbon within lipid droplets and starch granules for remobilization in nighttime, along with carbon and nitrogen incorporation into other subcellular compartments for dinoflagellate growth and maintenance, (ii) carbon-containing photosynthates are translocated to all four coral tissue layers, where they accumulate after only 15 min in coral lipid droplets from the oral gastroderm and within 6 h in glycogen granules from the oral epiderm, and (iii) the translocation of nitrogen-containing photosynthates is delayed by 3 h. IMPORTANCE  Our results provide detailed in situ subcellular visualization of the fate of photosynthesis-derived carbon and nitrogen in the coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. We directly demonstrate that lipid droplets and glycogen granules in the coral tissue are sinks for translocated carbon photosynthates by dinoflagellates and confirm their key role in the trophic interactions within the coral-dinoflagellate association.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of difenacoum and brodifacoum on the ultrastructure of rat liver cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursel Gül ◽  
Nuri Yiğit ◽  
Fulya Saygılı ◽  
Ebru Demirel ◽  
Ceren Geniş
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
Contrast Exposure

Abstract We used transmission electron microscopy to examine the cytotoxic effects of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides difenacoum and brodifacoum on rat liver. A single dose of difenacoum or brodifacoum was administered to rats by gastric gavage and liver samples were taken after 24 h, four days or seven days. In the livers of rats treated with difenacoum for 24 h, hepatocytes typically showed increased numbers of lysosomes, as well as enlargement of both the perinuclear space and the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), while sinusoids were irregularly shaped and contained Kupffer cells. Similar irregularities occurred in brodifacoum-treated rats at the same time point, but additionally increased numbers of vacuoles, damaged mitochondrial cristae, and clumping of chromatin were observed in hepatocytes, and hemolysed erythrocytes were noted in the sinusoids. Comparable findings were made in each group of rats after four days. After seven days of difenacoum treatment, hepatocytes suffered loss of cytoplasmic material and mitochondrial shrinkage, while RER cisternae became discontinuous. In contrast, exposure to brodifacoum for seven days caused the formation of numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets, disordered mitochondrial morphology, chromatin clumping and invagination of the nuclear envelope in hepatocytes. Sinusoids in the livers of rodenticide-treated rats contained an accumulation of dense material, lipid droplets, cells with pycnotic nuclei and hemolysed erythrocytes. Overall, our results show that brodifacoum causes more severe effects in liver cells than difenacoum. Thus our microscopic data along with additional biochemical assays point to a severe effect of rodenticide on vertebrates.

scholarly journals Canine bocavirus-2 infection and its possible association with encephalopathy in domestic dogs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255425
Author(s):  
Chutchai Piewbang ◽  
Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani ◽  
Wichan Dankaona ◽  
Sitthichok Lacharoje ◽  
Poowadon Chai-in ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Cellular Tropism

Canine bocaviruses (CBoVs) have been recognized as pathogens associated with intestinal diseases. Hematogenous spreading caused by CBoV has been documented and may potentiate the virus entry across the blood-brain barrier to initiate a brain infection. This study focused attention on CBoV detection in cases of encepahlopathy and attempted to determine its viral localization. A total of 107 dog brains that histologically exhibited encephalopathy (ED) were investigated for the presence of CBoVs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-three histologically normal brain samples from dogs were used as a control group (CD). CBoV-2 was detected in 15 ED dogs (14.02%) but not in CD dogs (p = 0.02), while no CBoV-1 and -3 were detected. Among the CBoV-2 positive dogs, brain histological changes were characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis, with inclusion body-like materials in some brains. In situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of CBoV-2 viral particles in glial cells, supporting neurotropism of this virus. ISH signals were also detected in the intestines, lymphoid organs, and the heart, suggesting both enteral and parenteral infections of this virus. Whole genome characterization and evolutionary analysis revealed genetic diversity of CBoV-2 sequences and it was varying among the different countries where the virus was detected. This study points to a possible association of CBoV-2 with encephalopathy in dogs. It also highlights the genetic diversity and cellular tropism of this virus.

Test of the principle of initial value in rat genetic models of exercise capacity

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. R466-R472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Gerard Koch ◽  
Cheryl L. Green ◽  
Abraham D. Lee ◽  
Joseph E. Hornyak ◽  
George T. Cicila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Inbred Rat ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Initial Capacity

An inverse relationship between initial level of physical capacity and the magnitude of response to training is termed the principle of initial value. We tested the operation of this principle under experimental conditions of minimal genetic and environmental variation. Inbred rat strains previously identified as genetic models of low [Copenhagen (COP)] and high [Dark Agouti (DA)] intrinsic (untrained) exercise capacity were trained for 8 wk on a treadmill using two disparate protocols: 1) a relative mode where each rat exercised daily according to its initial capacity, and 2) an absolute mode where both strains received the same amount of training independent of initial capacity. Response to exercise was the change in running capacity as estimated by meters run to exhaustion before and after training. When trained with the relative mode, COP rats gained 88 m (+21%; NS) whereas DA rats increased distance run by 228 m (+36%; P < 0.001). When each strain trained with the same absolute amount of training, the COP strain showed essentially no change (−6 m, −2%) and the DA strain gained 325 m (+49%; P < 0.009). Differences in response to exercise between the COP and DA could not be explained by body mass differences, oxidative enzyme activity (citrate synthase or ATP), or spontaneous behavioral activity. Our data demonstrate that genetic factors causative of high response to exercise are not uniquely associated with genetic factors for low intrinsic capacity and thus are not in accord with the principle of initial value.

scholarly journals Structure and ultrastructure of oogenic stage in short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma (Teleostei: Scombidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 023-030
Author(s):  
S. Senarat ◽  
J. Kettratad ◽  
W. Jiraungkoorskul
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Vitellogenic Stage ◽  
Epithelial Compartment ◽  
Vitelline Envelope ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure

Abstract Introduction: Structure, ultrastructural features and degeneration of oogenesis were first investigated in female Rastrelliger brachysoma as new candidate species for aquaculture by transmission electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Specimens were naturally collected during the breeding season from Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Results: The ultrastructure of female oogenesis was principally divided into five stages based on the nuclear characterization and cytoplasmic organelles; (i) oogonium; (ii) previtellogenic; (iii) lipid and cortical alveolar; (iv) early and (v) late vitellogenic stages. Initially, oogonium was present within cell nest in the epithelial compartment. Its cell was supported by prefollicular cells. The multiple nucleoli in previtellogenic stage, referring to primary growth stage were the first to appear and they were scattered around the peripheral of nuclear membrane with the increasing number of cytoplasmic organelles. Some microvilli of granulosa cell initially protruded into the vitelline envelope. A simple layer of flattened granulosa and theca cells was also observed. The lipid and cortical alveolar stage under secondary growth oocyte was accumulated with two inclusions; the lipid droplets and cortical alveoli in the ooplasm. Another characterization, the increasing of numerous microvilli was also detected in the vitelline envelope. Finally, in the vitellogenic stage, a massive uptake and processing of proteins into yolk platelets due to embedding of the numerous microvilli in the largest vitelline envelope was observed. Oocyte degeneration in R. brachysoma was novel found especially oogonial and previtellogenic stages. Conclusion: Five oogenic stages of this fish are found with the changing of the arrangement of nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles and follicular complex, which will be applied to further studies.

Skeletal Muscle Ultrastructural Alterations In Alcoholism

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1162-1163
Author(s):  
B. Müller ◽  
H.J. Finol ◽  
I. Montes de Oca ◽  
A. Mayorca.
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Proximal Muscle Weakness ◽  
Proximal Muscle ◽  
Alcoholic Myopathy ◽  
Transmission Electron

Two forms of muscular alterations have been described in alcoholic patients, one acute, the so called Hypokalemic alcoholic Myopathy; focal or diffuse pain, swelling, tenderness and weakness of skeletal muscle are the main clinical features, and the chronic one with proximal muscle weakness wich progresses slowly in a period of weeks or months Ultrastructurally myofibril disorganization and necrosis where described.In this work we present a systematic study of skeletal muscle alterations in four alcoholic patients who attended the Department of Internal Medicine at Caracas University Hospital . The patients were males, ages between 56 and 62 years old, and presented chronic alcoholism with muscle weakness with a more distal distribution and polymyalgia. Biopsies were taken from quadriceps femorismuscle with a percutaneous neddle and processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.Muscle fibers showed different degrees of atrophy with myofibril disorganization (Fig.l) and disappearence (Fig.2). Myonuclei were hyperchromatic and intermyofibrilar spaces were widened and exhibited abundant lipid droplets.

Nectary ultrastructure and secretory modes in three species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) that have different pollinators

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 786-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Mosti ◽  
Cynthia Ross Friedman ◽  
Ettore Pacini ◽  
Luigi Brighigna ◽  
Alessio Papini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Secretion Product ◽  
Pollination Mode ◽  
Cell Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Holocrine Secretion

The floral nectaries of three Tillandsia L. spp. having different pollinators were investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to describe the previously unstudied ultrastructure of the nectar-producing tissues (primarily the epidermis) and also to determine if any differences in the ultrastructural features could be correlated to pollination mode. We determined that there were variations in nectaries among the three species, and that these may be linked to pollinator choice. Tillandsia seleriana Mez, which has a strict relationship with ants, had a nectary epithelium characterized by abundant dictyosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a final degeneration stage possibly leading to holocrine secretion. The presence of protein crystals in epithelial plastids was correlated to a nectar enriched with amino acids and proteins, likely functioning to provide a protein-enriched diet and possibly defence against pathogens. Epithelial cells of the hummingbird-pollinated Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz et Pav.) Poir. nectary displayed cell wall ingrowths and dictyosomes and also contained cytoplasmic lipid droplets and protein crystals within plastids, both of which would enrich the nectar for hummingbirds. The nectary epithelium and the parenchyma of bat-pollinated Tillandsia grandis Schltdl. possessed a few cubic protein crystals in the plastids and its secretion product appeared electron transparent.

Light and transmission electron microscopy of English oak ectomycorrhizal short roots

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Edwards ◽  
R. V. Gessner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
English Oak

The incorporation of caffeine in standard transmission electron microscope fixation procedures has allowed good preservation and embedment of ectomycorrhizal short roots of English oak (Quercus robur L.). In the mantle the most conspicuous structures are cystidia which radiate outwards from the surface. These conically shaped cells have knobs at their tips and thickened cell walls. The cystidia and other outer mantle cells contain many cytoplasmic constituents, whereas the inner mantle cells are nearly devoid of cytoplasm. The mantle cells are held together by an intercellular slime network. The Hartig net cells are filled with cytoplasm and contain numerous lipid droplets. Typical dolipore septa separate the cells; however, these cells have irregularly branched shapes. The host root tissue appears little altered by the presence of the fungal symbiont. However, the root cap consists of only a few cell layers. The apical meristem is functional as evidenced by the presence of newly divided cells and microtubules lining enlarging cells.

Ultrastructure of the digestive system and experimental study of feeding in the monogenean skin and fin parasite Macrogyrodactylus congolensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaa Arafa ◽  
Mohammed El-Naggar ◽  
Graham Kearn
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
H 30 ◽  
Macrogyrodactylus Congolensis

AbstractIn the present study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to study the ultrastructure of the digestive system, namely the pharynx, oesophageal glands and intestine, of the monogenean skin and fin parasite Macrogyrodactylus congolensis. The pharynx consists of an anterior highly muscular region and a posterior mainly glandular syncytial region. The anterior region is provided with six pharyngeal papillae, the centre of each of which is occupied by electron dense secretory bodies, identical with those in the posterior region of the pharynx. The intestine has an uninterrupted syncytial gastrodermis and the luminal surface is provided with many unbranched lamellae. The intestine of living specimens contains large and small granules which give it a reddish brown colour. Large particles, presumed to be lipid droplets, and small granules, presumed to be melanin granules, were found in the gastrodermis and in the intestinal lumen. Parasites were induced to feed and then preserved for TEM at the following intervals: just after feeding, 30 min after feeding, 1 h 30 min after feeding and 2 h after feeding. The specimens were then processed for TEM and sections cut through the intestine of each specimen were examined with the transmission electron microscope. Three types of vacuoles (V1, V2, V3) were detected in the gastrodermis. Vacuoles V1 have thick walls and are likely to be endocytotic, enclosing luminal contents at the surface of the gastrodermis. V2 vacuoles may be lysosomes that fuse with V1 vacuoles. V3 vacuoles may serve to dispose of residual digestive material into the lumen.

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