Constructing Conflict: The Politics of Job Creation Policy, Precarious Work, and Citizenship in South Africa’s Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110355
Author(s):  
Ben Scully ◽  
Thabiso Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Wage Work ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The paper examines the politics of state job creation policy in South Africa. We focus on the construction industry, which is a major sector for job creation policy, especially through a large scale public works programme. We argue that, while the creation of jobs is framed by government as a path towards dignity and social inclusion for poor and unemployed citizens, the precarious reality of low-wage work in the construction industry undermines the potential pro-social effects of wage employment. Beneficiaries of job creation policy often experience frustration and alienation, and the construction sites on which they work are often marked by conflict and disruption. We describe two different forms that this conflict takes, on the one hand demanding wage work as a citizenship right, on the other eschewing generalized citizenship claims in favour of particularistic and exclusionary demands for jobs based on localized identities. These seemingly contradictory but intertwined types of conflict show the complexity of the relationship between state job creation and citizenship rights in an industry and an economy defined by precarious forms of employment.

scholarly journals FOLLOW THE MONEY: A LARGE-SCALE INVESTIGATION OF MONETIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION ON YOUTUBE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Coromina ◽  
Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández ◽  
Bernhard Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Industries ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Media System ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Dominant Actor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

While YouTube has become a dominant actor in the global media system, the relationship between platform, advertisers, and content creators has seen a series of conflicts around the question of monetization. Our paper draws on a critical media industries perspective to investigate the relationship between YouTube’s evolving platform strategies on the one side and content creators’ tactical adaptations on the other. This concerns the search for alternative revenue streams as well as content and referencing optimization seeking to grow audiences and algorithmic visibility. Drawing on an exhaustive sample (n=153.770) of “elite” channels (more than 100.000 subscribers) and their full video history (n=138.340.337), we parse links in video descriptions to investigate the appearance and spread of crowdfunding platforms like Patreon, but also of affiliate links, merchandise stores, or e-commerce websites like Etsy. We analyze the evolution of video length and posting frequency in response to platform policy as well as visibility tactics such as metadata and category optimization, keyword stuffing, or title phrasing. Taken together, these elements provide a broad picture of “industrialization” on YouTube, that is, of the ways creators seek to develop their channels into media businesses. While this contribution cannot replace more qualitative, in-depth research into particular channels or channel groups, we hope to provide a representative picture of YouTube’s elite channels and their quest for visibility and success from their beginnings up to early 2020.

Untimely Reasoning about Two Monuments. Between Architecture, Sculpture and Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Danailov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Artistic Analysis

The report compares the form-formation principles, key to the architecture of the Wexner Center for the Visual Arts (1983/89) Columbus, Ohio – of the American Peter Eisenmann – with some of the techniques used in the spatial – compositional solution of the destroyed Sofia monument “1300 Years Bulgaria” (1980/81–2017). The text refers to the 80’s of the twentieth century and the creative approaches, distinctive for some of the lastest „large-scale monuments“ realized in Bulgaria. These approaches are considered in the light of one opened architectural theory, absolutely oppositional to the one typical to our country at this time. The comparison aims to are to expand, within this date, the scope of the spatial-artistic analysis, committed to the relationship between the architecture, sculpture and the surrounding environment.

Uncertainty analysis of solar/geomagnetic activity impact on terrestrial variables, based on the information theory 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Mares ◽  
Constantin Mares ◽  
Venera Dobrica ◽  
Crisan Demetrescu
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Total Correlation ◽  
External Forcings ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The present study aims at investigating uncertainty of external factors, namely the solar/geomagnetic forcing on the terrestrial variables as the Danube discharge and the atmospheric indices at the large scale. Our analysis was performed separately for each season, for two time periods, 1901-2000 and 1948-2000.</p><p>The relationship between terrestrial variables and external factors was achieved by applying the information theory elements as synergy, redundancy, total correlation and transfer entropy. </p><p>The results differ depending on the time of year and the analysed variables.</p><p>From this analysis resulted that the two external forcings can be considered together as predictors for certain cases, while for others they are very redundant, therefore the one that produces the lowest uncertainty connection was selected.</p>

scholarly journals Sustainable Ship Loading Planning for Prefabricated Products in the Construction Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8905
Author(s):  
Wen Yi ◽  
Robyn Phipps ◽  
Hans Wang
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Integer Optimization ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Proposed Model

This paper focuses on sustainable transportation of prefab products from factories to construction sites by ship. Since the transportation cost for all the prefab products of a construction site is mainly dependent on the number of cargo holds used on ships, a loading plan for prefab products that minimizes the number of holds required is highly desirable. This paper is therefore devoted to the development of an optimal loading plan that decides which prefab products are loaded into each cargo hold and how to pack these prefab products into the holds so that as few holds as possible are used. We formulate the problem as a large-scale integer optimization model whose objective function is to minimize the total number of cargo holds used and whose constraints represent the cargo hold capacity limits. We develop a heuristic to solve the problem and obtain a high-quality solution. We have tested the model and algorithm on a case study that includes 20 prefab products. We find that different cargo holds carry prefab products that have quite different densities. Moreover, the orientations of many prefab products are different from their default orientations. The results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and algorithm.

Philosophy and Common Sense

Philosophy ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (244) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jerry Fodor ◽  
Rational Acceptability ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This paper raises once more the question of the relationship between philosophy on the one hand and common sense on the other. More particularly, it is concerned with the role which common sense can play in passing judgment on the rational acceptability (or otherwise) of large-scale hypotheses in natural philosophy and the cosmological part of metaphysics. There are, as I see it, three stages through which the relationship has passed in the course of the twentieth century. There is the era of G. E. Moore, the Quine–Feyerabend period, and now a new and modest vindication of common sense is emerging in the work of Jerry Fodor.

scholarly journals Assessing of Modern Machinaries used by Large Scale Construction Firms for High Cost Construction Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
New Venture ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The One

India is one of fastest growing economy in the world which attracts many foreign investors to our country. With the economy being liberalized, foreign players have a vital stake over our countries growth and it’s after effects. The Construction area has consistently been progressively to this financial development which all in all is an exceptionally divided industry. It needs to impart on a huge scale other related help business lines prone to be materials, types of gear, merchants, providers, subcontractors, customers and furthermore the undertaking plan and funds. All these elements which this sector deals with are subjected to potential risks involved which have to be predicted, monitored and managed. Construction industry has been following method for managing these risks and issues to be arising from a project. They have been managing these risks by foreseeing them with the experience and knowledge that the company has gained over the period of time. But this will be a question for a firm if they diversify or when they enter into any new venture of business domain. The conventional model is the one using the manual techniques for assessing risks involved from the experience, knowledge and competency gained in the business domain. Using Primavera (P6) the risk is been managed by creating several models generated which explains the process of additions of risks, identification of type of risk, calculation of exposure values, calculation of risk impact, assigning the person responsible to the risk, time frame of risk, preparation of control plans if the risk occurs. Finally the results thus obtained from both the methods are been compared and the results

Steuern und Regeln

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Cognitive Technology ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In the traditional philosophy of technology, the two main modus operandi found in conventional technology are categorised and described under the terms ‘control’ and ‘regulation’ as a way of differentiating between them. This occurs for two reasons: on the one hand, in order to specify the difference between the forms of technology that have been developed by since the Neolithic revolution and the ‘accidental’ technology (as discussed by Ortega y Gasset) of higher species or prehistoric man, and on the other to reveal the relationship between technology and (natural) science more precisely. In the meantime, however, modern technologies and new epistemic practices are challenging historical descriptions of the nature of technoscience and the dichotomy between ‘control’ and ‘regulation’ respectively. Bearing in mind the so-called new emerging sciences and technologies (NEST) and other developments in IT, cognitive technology, nanotechnology and biotechnology, this volume examines who or what can be conceptualised as the subject of processes of control and regulation. In terms of large-scale systems and the organisation of large social structures, methods of control are becoming increasingly problematic because digital information technologies especially are creating new, diverse ways of manipulating and regulating processes or conditions, for example monitoring, big data and profiling, while the counteractive consequences of the same development, for example the ever-increasing amount of data, acceleration, automatisation and the logic of sociotechnical infrastructures, are increasingly throwing the possibility of coordinated control into doubt.

scholarly journals Development of Scales to Measure and Analyse the Relationship of Safety Consciousness and Safety Citizenship Behaviour of Construction Workers: An Empirical Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangcheng Meng ◽  
Huaiyuan Zhai ◽  
Alan H. S. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

China’s construction industry has experienced a long period of development and reform but compared to developed countries, safety on construction sites in China continues to present serious problems. Safety consciousness and safety citizenship behaviour are influential factors related to safety issues in the construction industry and may play a direct role in improving the safety of personnel on construction sites. However, recently no research has been focused on the relationship between safety consciousness and safety citizenship behaviour. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between safety consciousness and safety citizenship behaviour for personnel working on construction sites in China by using a questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, so that correlation between safety consciousness and safety citizenship can be demonstrated and effective measures suggested to improve the safety of construction workers in China, and perhaps in other countries as well.

scholarly journals Construction supervision during capital construction, reconstruction and re-profiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 07022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Topchiy ◽  
Alexey Yurgaytis ◽  
Evgeniy Babushkin ◽  
Diana Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
The Relationship

This article raises problems related to the shortcomings in the existing field of construction supervision and the relationship between participants in the construction process. An article dedicated to the implementation of comprehensive and comprehensive construction supervision at capital construction sites, bringing the construction supervision system to a standard that minimized the customer’s risks and minimized the number of errors in the construction industry. The aim of the article is to find solutions and ways to resolve problems, because of which there are many qualities, as well as the timing of projects for investment and construction activities. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the current situation and world experience, the main proposals for the improvement of construction supervision systems are presented.

Experiments on spin-up and spin-down on a β-plane

1994 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Jillians ◽  
T. Maxworthy
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Homogeneous Fluid ◽  
Video Record ◽  
Homogeneous Models ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Here we study the spin-up and spin-down of a homogeneous fluid with a free surface on an experimental ‘β-plane’ and describe the important features for both cases over a range of parameters. Quantitative values are found for the velocity fields using a new image processing technique that analyses a video record of particle motion and stores the results digitally. Streamlines, pressure fields and vorticity values are found by interpolation techniques and result in a complete description of the flow characteristics. We discuss the relationship between the results of these experiments and those observed in large-scale homogeneous models of ocean circulation, e.g. Moore (1963). This study extends the work of van Heijst et al. (1990) to the case of spin-up in a rectangular container but of non-uniform depth and we note the differences to and similarities with their observations. It is related, also, to more recent results of Maas et al. (1992), who considered spin-up on a β-plane but in a tank of very different proportions to the one considered here.

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