Relationship Between Personality Measures and Perceived Mental Fatigability

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110550
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Allen ◽  
Theresa Gmelin ◽  
Kyle D. Moored ◽  
Robert M. Boudreau ◽  
Stephen F. Smagula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Personality Assessments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Goal Disengagement ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
Adjusted Association ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Future Work

Objective Examine the association between personality measures and perceived mental fatigability. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis in N=1670 men, age 84.3±4.1 years. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the covariate adjusted association between personality measures (conscientiousness, optimism, goal reengagement, and goal disengagement) and perceived mental fatigability (measured with the validated 10-item Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale, PFS). Results One standard deviation lower conscientiousness (β=−0.91, p<.0001) and optimism (β=−0.63, p<.0001), and higher goal reengagement (β=0.51, p=.01) scores were independently associated with higher PFS Mental scores adjusted for age, cognitive function, self-reported health status, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, physical activity, and goal disengagement. Discussion Lower conscientiousness, optimism, and higher goal reengagement were linked with more severe perceived mental fatigability in older men. Personality traits may potentially contribute to early risk assessment for fatigability in later life. Future work should be longitudinal in nature and include personality assessments to confirm the temporality of the relationships observed.

Kidney Disease in Women is Associated with Disadvantaged Childhood Socioeconomic Position

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Canney ◽  
Siobhan Leahy ◽  
Siobhan Scarlett ◽  
Rose Anne Kenny ◽  
Mark A. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Association ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: Socioeconomic position (SEP) is an important determinant of health and it is dynamic across the entire lifespan. We sought to investigate the relationship between life-course SEP and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using 3 conceptual models: critical period, pathway and accumulation. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 4,996 participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. We defined childhood and adulthood SEP according to father’s and respondent’s occupation respectively. SEP was categorised as high (reference), intermediate, low and never worked. CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 estimated from the combination of creatinine and cystatin C. We used logistic regression to estimate the age-adjusted association between SEP and CKD separately in men and women. Results: Low childhood SEP was strongly associated with CKD in women, after adjusting for adulthood SEP (OR 1.90 [95% CI 1.24–2.92]), supporting the critical period hypothesis. This association was not explained by traditional CKD risk factors. Women who experienced low childhood SEP and whose circumstances improved in adulthood also had increased odds of CKD, further supporting a critical period effect in childhood. There was comparatively less evidence in support of the pathway or accumulation models. We did not observe a statistically significant association between SEP and CKD in men. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that women exposed to disadvantaged SEP in childhood represent an at-risk group in whom there may be opportunities for identification of CKD and facilitation of health-promoting behaviours from an early age.

Abstract P010: Mid-life Vitamin D Levels and Later Life Performance on Neuropsychological Testing: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun E Fashanu ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Andrea L Schneider ◽  
Andreea M Rawlings ◽  
Richey A Sharrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Age Range

Background: Prior cross-sectional studies among older adults have found associations between low vitamin D (vitD) levels and reduced cognitive performance but were unable to distinguish the temporal order between vitD and the onset of dementia. We examined the association between mid-life vitD levels, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitD, with later life performance on neuropsychological testing. Methods: We conducted a non-concurrent cross-sectional analysis of 5,887 white and black participants enrolled in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study. We included participants who had serum vitD concentrations measured at visit 2 (1990-1992; age range 47-69 years) and who had neuropsychological and functional testing at visit 5 (2011-2013; age range 67-91 years). Neuropsychological tests were grouped into memory, language, and executive function domains and were standardized. We categorized vitD using clinical cut points as deficient (<20 ng/mL), intermediate (20-<30 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL). We used Poisson and linear regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors to examine the associations between vitD with prevalent dementia and performance on neuropsychological testing. Results: In mid-life, the mean (SD) age of participants was 56 (5) years, 60% were female, and 22% black. Mean (SD) vitD was 24.6 (8.4) ng/mL; 30% had deficient, 46% intermediate, and 24% sufficient vitD levels. Compared to participants with sufficient vitD levels, the prevalence ratios (95% CI) of late-life dementia were 1.35 (0.99, 1.84) and 1.27 (0.90, 1.80) for participants with intermediate and deficient vitD levels, respectively. We found no significant association between mid-life vitD and late-life performance on neuropsychological testing ( Table ). Further adjustments for cardiovascular, genetic, and metabolic factors yielded similar results. Conclusion: In this cohort, mid-life serum vitD levels were not associated with prevalent dementia or with performance on neuropsychological testing 20 years later.

scholarly journals Associations of Measured Smell Function with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Measures: Results from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (OR22-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Gallo ◽  
Laura Byham-Gray ◽  
Valerie Duffy ◽  
Howard Hoffman ◽  
John Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
Smell Function

Abstract Objectives To assess the associations between smell function and adiposity and cardiometabolic measures in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods In the 2013–2014 NHANES, 3527 adults ≥40 years, completed the NHANES Taste and Smell Exam. Smell function was assessed with an 8-item odor identification test. Participants smelled and identified each odorant by selecting one of four descriptors. Smell impairment was defined as incorrect identification of ≥3 (of 8) odors. Survey-weighted linear regression models estimated cross-sectional associations of smell function with adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and cardiometabolic measures (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)). Models were adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, self-reported health status, smoking history, and income-poverty ratio, and stratified by sex and age group (40–64 years vs. ≥65 years). Results In US adults ≥40 years, smell function was significantly associated with several adiposity and cardiometabolic measures in adjusted models, with significant interactions by sex and age. Compared to normal smell, smell impairment was significantly associated with higher BMI [β = 3.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 5.4)] and WC [β = 5.0; 95% CI: 0.3, 9.8] among women <65 years; conversely among men ≥65 years, smell impairment associated with lower BMI [β = −1.6; 95% CI: −3.2, −0.01)]. In adults < 65 years, smell impairment was associated with lower FPG [β = −7.9; 95% CI: −13.0, −2.6] and triglyceride levels [β = −27.0; 95% CI: −51.0, −3.7], but this was only significant among men. In older men (≥65 years), smell impairment was positively associated with higher total cholesterol [β = 12.8; 95% CI: 7.4, 18.1] and LDL [β = 18.1; 95% CI: 9.1, 27.2] ; among older women however, smell impairment was inversely associated with both total [β = −15.0; 95% CI: −25.0, −5.7] and LDL cholesterol [β = −12.0; 95% CI: −25.0, 1.2)], and positively associated with FPG [β = 15.6; 95% CI:1.5, 29.7]. No significant associations were observed with SBP or DBP. Conclusions In adults ≥ 40 years, smell impairment is associated with adiposity measures, and glucose and lipid levels, with differential associations by age and sex. Funding Sources Rutgers University, NJ.

scholarly journals Bikeshare Use in Urban Communities: Individual and Neighborhood Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela R. Oates ◽  
Bryant W. Hamby ◽  
Sejong Bae ◽  
Maria C. Norena ◽  
H. Olivia Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Us Census

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>Bicycling is an affordable way to increase access to employment, school­ing, and services and an effective measure against obesity. Bikeshare programs can make bicycling accessible to diverse popula­tions, but little evidence exists on their adoption in low-resource neighborhoods. Our study examined factors associated with bikeshare use in a metropolitan area in the southern United States.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a database of clients (N=815) who rented a bicycle from Zyp Bikeshare in Birmingham, Alabama be­tween October 2015 and November 2016. Individual-level variables included bike use frequency, average speed, total miles traveled, total minutes ridden, bike type (traditional vs electricity-assisted pedelec), membership type, sex, and age. Area-level data aggregated to Census tracts, proxies for neighborhoods, were obtained from the 2010 US Census after geocoding clients’ billing addresses. Using exploratory factor analysis, a neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage index (SDI) was constructed. Bikeshare station presence in a tract was included as a covariate. Multivariate linear regression models, adjusted for clustering on Census tracts, were estimated to determine predictors of bikeshare use.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>In a multivariate regression model of individual and neighborhood character­istics adjusted for clustering, each decile increase in the SDI was associated with a 9% increase in bikeshare use (P&lt;.001). Bikeshare use was also positively associated with speed (.1, P&lt;.001), total miles (.008, P&lt;.001), and pedelec use (1.02, P&lt;.01).</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher neighborhood socio­economic disadvantage is associated with higher bikeshare use. Bikeshare is a viable transportation option in low-resource neighborhoods and may be an effective tool to improve the connectivity, livability, and health of urban communities. <em></em></p><p class="Pa7"><em></em>Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):303-312; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.303.</p>

scholarly journals Serum Potassium and Glucose Regulation in the ADDITION-Leicester Screening Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Patrice Carter ◽  
Danielle H. Bodicoat ◽  
Lauren M. Quinn ◽  
Francesco Zaccardi ◽  
David R. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Introduction. Previous observational studies have shown conflicting results between plasma K+concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes. To help clarify the evidence we aimed to determine whether an association existed between serum K+and glucose regulation within a UK multiethnic population.Methods. Participants were recruited as part of the ADDITION Leicester study, a population based screening study. Individuals from primary care between the age of 40 and 75 years if White European or 25 and 75 years if South Asian or Afro Caribbean were recruited. Tests for associations between baseline characteristics and K+quartiles were conducted using linear regression models.Results. Data showed individuals in the lowest K+quartile had significantly greater 2-hour glucose levels (0.53 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.70,P≤0.001) than those in the highest K+quartile. This estimation did not change with adjustment for potential confounders. Conversely, participants in the lowest K+quartile had a 0.14% lower HbA1c (95% CI −0.19 to −0.10:P≤0.001) compared to those in the highest K+quartile.Conclusion. This cross-sectional analysis demonstrated that lower K+was associated with greater 2 hr glucose. The data supports the possibility that K+may influence glucose regulation and further research is warranted.

Continuity or Change: Inequalities in Health in Later Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTLater life and ill health are perceived as being synonymous. To be old is to be unhealthy, while youth is associated with good health. One result of the widespread acceptance of this stereotype is that there has been little analysis of differences in health status within the post-retirement age groups. Data from the 1980 and 1985 General Household Survey (GHS) are used to consider patterns of health in later life. Using cross-sectional analysis, it is shown that morbidity increases with age. However, even for those aged 85+ the experience of ill health is shown not to be universal. Health status varies between both men and women and between the social classes. These differences are shown not to be the result of the varying age composition of the gender and class groups. The data presented show that there are profound age, gender and class differences in health status in later life and these represent the continuation of inequalities observed within the non-retired population.

scholarly journals Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Comorbid Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Women: The SWAN Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Aleda Leis ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Ana Baylin ◽  
Samar El Khoudary ◽  
Elizabeth Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Combined Impact

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity are risk factors for atherosclerosis but their combined impact is unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify the added risk of obesity on carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), an early indicator for atherosclerosis, beyond MetS alone. The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a multi-center, multi-ethnic cohort of women traversing the midlife into early late adulthood. cIMT was assessed between 2005-2007 and MetS, obesity and covariates were measured at the same time. This cross-sectional analysis is restricted to 1,433 women with a body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2 and free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when cIMT was measured. Mean maximum cIMT was related to obesity, MetS and their interaction using multivariable linear regression models. The average age was 60 years (standard deviation 2.7) and the prevalence of obesity and MetS were 44% and 35%, respectively. Both conditions occurred in 24% of women. After adjustment for age, race, smoking, family history of heart disease, and antilipemic medications, obese women had a 0.051mm (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.033,0.070; p&lt;0.001) larger maximum cIMT versus women not obese and women with MetS had a 0.066mm (95%CI: 0.042,0.090; p&lt;0.001) larger maximum cIMT versus women without MetS. There was a statistically significant antagonistic interaction between obesity and MetS; women with both had a mean cIMT of 0.972mm (95%CI: 0.955,0.989) and MetS alone a cIMT of 0.961mm (95%CI:0.938,0.983). This suggests that there is only a small risk of obesity on augmenting cIMT beyond MetS alone.

Disability, Psychological Well-Being, and Social Interaction in Later Life in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Hsieh ◽  
Linda Waite
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Many studies show that disability predicts lower social participation and poorer psychological well-being. However, few have examined how disability, social interaction, and psychological well-being interrelate with one another. We use diary data from World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health, 2007–2010 ( N = 8,771) and mediation analysis to examine the links between disability, daily social interaction, and the momentary and global well-being of older adults in China. We find suggestive support for the hypothesis that psychological well-being predicts social interaction in the context of disablement, but little evidence for the converse. Specifically, in a cross-sectional analysis, disability predicts lower levels of momentary affect, happiness, and life satisfaction, which are linked to spending more time alone and participating in fewer activities with grandchildren, friends, and coworkers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a less active social life is explained by poor functional performance and compromised psychological vibrancy.

scholarly journals Association of food consumption with total volumes of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in a Northern German population

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1929-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rüttgers ◽  
Karina Fischer ◽  
Manja Koch ◽  
Wolfgang Lieb ◽  
Hans-Peter Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
German Population ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractExcess accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases; further, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and the ratio of both (VAT:SAAT ratio) have been discussed as potentially detrimental. Information about the association between diet and adipose tissue is scarce. This study aimed to identify food group intake associated with VAT and SAAT and the VAT:SAAT ratio in a Northern German population. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 344 men and 241 women who underwent an MRI to quantify total volumes of VAT and SAAT. Intake of fourteen food groups was assessed with a self-administered 112-item FFQ. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity, intake of other food groups and mutual adjustment for VAT and SAAT were calculated to analyse the associations between standardised food group intake and VAT and SAAT, or the VAT:SAAT ratio. Intakes of potatoes (P=0·043) and cakes (P=0·003) were positively and inversely, respectively, associated with both VAT and SAAT. By contrast, intake of cereals was negatively associated with VAT (P=0·045) only, whereas intakes of eggs (P=0·006) and non-alcoholic beverages (P=0·042) were positively associated with SAAT only. The association between eggs and non-alcoholic beverages with SAAT remained significant after further consideration of VAT. Intake of non-alcoholic beverages was also inversely associated with the VAT:SAAT ratio (P=0·001). Our analysis adds to the evidence that intake of foods is independently associated with VAT or SAAT volumes.

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