Crown Lengthening for Mandibular and Maxillary Canine Teeth in the Dog

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-221
Author(s):  
Fraser A. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Junctional Epithelium ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Orthodontic Extrusion ◽  
Crown Preparation ◽  
Tissue Attachment ◽  
Crown Lengthening

Crown lengthening is the exposure of root structure to function as clinical crown for restorative coverage.1 Indications for crown lengthening include increasing the amount of clinical crown available for attachment of a prosthesis (crown or bridge) following crown fracture, and exposure of a malerupted tooth crown allowing management of any pathologic changes. Types of crown lengthening procedures include simple gingivectomy [type I], apically repositioned flap(s) following bone recontouring [type II], or orthodontic extrusion [type III]. Type I and II crown lengthening procedures involve periodontal surgery requiring maintenance of the biological width of the gingiva composed of the gingival sulcus, junctional epithelium, and connective tissue attachment (Fig. 1). Each of these zones is approximately 1-mm wide in humans, and may be 2 to 3-mm wide in large dogs. In type II crown lengthening procedures in dogs, the apically repositioned flap should maintain a minimum 3-mm biological width of the gingiva coronal to the newly formed alveolar crest to provide space for the three zones to reestablish. Failure to maintain gingival biological width physiology may cause an inflammatory response that results in crestal bone resorption and apical migration of periodontal soft tissues.1 Advanced periodontal disease resulting in the formation of infrabony pockets may jeopardize tooth maintenance.1 Crown preparation may be performed acutely, however a 2 to 3-week interval is recommended between crown lengthening and preparation to allow for accurate assessment of gingival margin location following wound healing. Type II crown lengthening of the mandibular and maxillary canine teeth is described step-by-step.

scholarly journals Mutant Activin-Like Kinase 2 in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva are Activated via T203 by BMP Type II Receptors

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Fujimoto ◽  
Satoshi Ohte ◽  
Kenji Osawa ◽  
Arei Miyamoto ◽  
Sho Tsukamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Activin Receptor ◽  
Bmp Receptors

Abstract Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification in soft tissues, such as the skeletal muscles. FOP has been shown to be caused by gain-of-function mutations in activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-2, which is a type I receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms that underlie the activation of intracellular signaling by mutant ALK2. Mutant ALK2 from FOP patients enhanced the activation of intracellular signaling by type II BMP receptors, such as BMPR-II and activin receptor, type II B, whereas that from heart disease patients did not. This enhancement was dependent on the kinase activity of the type II receptors. Substitution mutations at all nine serine and threonine residues in the ALK2 glycine- and serine-rich domain simultaneously inhibited this enhancement by the type II receptors. Of the nine serine and threonine residues in ALK2, T203 was found to be critical for the enhancement by type II receptors. The T203 residue was conserved in all of the BMP type I receptors, and these residues were essential for intracellular signal transduction in response to ligand stimulation. The phosphorylation levels of the mutant ALK2 related to FOP were higher than those of wild-type ALK2 and were further increased by the presence of type II receptors. The phosphorylation levels of ALK2 were greatly reduced in mutants carrying a mutation at T203, even in the presence of type II receptors. These findings suggest that the mutant ALK2 related to FOP is enhanced by BMP type II receptors via the T203-regulated phosphorylation of ALK2.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Extrusion vs. Surgical Extrusion to Rehabilitate Severely Damaged Teeth: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9530
Author(s):  
Martina Cordaro ◽  
Edoardo Staderini ◽  
Ferruccio Torsello ◽  
Nicola Maria Grande ◽  
Matteo Turchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Orthodontic Extrusion ◽  
Tissue Attachment ◽  
Crown Lengthening

The need to rehabilitate severely compromised teeth is frequent in daily clinical practice. Tooth extraction and replacement with dental implant represents a common treatment choice. However, the survival rate for implants is inferior to teeth, even if severely damaged but properly treated. In order to reestablish a physiological supracrestal tissue attachment of damaged teeth and to arrange an efficient ferrule effect, three options can be considered: crown lengthening, orthodontic extrusion and surgical extrusion. Crown lengthening is considered an invasive technique that causes the removal of part of the bony support, while both orthodontic and surgical extrusion can avoid this inconvenience and can be used successfully in the treatment of severely damaged teeth. The aim of the present narrative review is to compare advantages, disadvantages, time of therapy required, contraindications and complications of both techniques.

scholarly journals Forceful Orthodontic Extrusion of Maxillary Canine in an Adult Patient: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-039
Author(s):  
Suruchi Jatol-Tekade ◽  
Satyajit Tekade ◽  
Kush Pathak ◽  
Vishal Patni
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Case Discussion ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Gingival Margin ◽  
Orthodontic Extrusion ◽  
Crown Lengthening

AbstractLoss of tooth structure in the esthetic region is a big challenge for restorative dentist as it not only involves the establishment of tooth structure but also complies microesthetics. If the tooth structure is lost near the gingival margin, then the periodontal aspect cannot be overlooked. Surgical crown lengthening and orthodontic extrusion of the remaining tooth structure are two possible treatment modalities for such cases. Which one is best suited depends on the indications for each procedure. This study reports an orthodontic extrusion for the restoration of fractured upper canine. Preference of crown lengthening by orthodontic extrusion over surgical crown lengthening is clarified along the case discussion.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

OPTICAL STUDIES OF TYPE I AND TYPE II RECOMBINATION IN GaAs-AlAs QUANTUM WELLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-525-C5-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. MOORE ◽  
P. DAWSON ◽  
C. T. FOXON
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Optical Studies

An old friend is better than two new ones? Approaches to market research in the context of digital transformation for the antitrust laws enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Shastitko ◽  
O. A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Market Definition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Type Ii Errors

Digital transformation has led to changes in business models of traditional players in the existing markets. What is more, new entrants and new markets appeared, in particular platforms and multisided markets. The emergence and rapid development of platforms are caused primarily by the existence of so called indirect network externalities. Regarding to this, a question arises of whether the existing instruments of competition law enforcement and market analysis are still relevant when analyzing markets with digital platforms? This paper aims at discussing advantages and disadvantages of using various tools to define markets with platforms. In particular, we define the features of the SSNIP test when being applyed to markets with platforms. Furthermore, we analyze adjustment in tests for platform market definition in terms of possible type I and type II errors. All in all, it turns out that to reduce the likelihood of type I and type II errors while applying market definition technique to markets with platforms one should consider the type of platform analyzed: transaction platforms without pass-through and non-transaction matching platforms should be tackled as players in a multisided market, whereas non-transaction platforms should be analyzed as players in several interrelated markets. However, if the platform is allowed to adjust prices, there emerges additional challenge that the regulator and companies may manipulate the results of SSNIP test by applying different models of competition.

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