scholarly journals Conceptualising the Agency of Migrant Women Workers: Resilience, Reworking and Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-899
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rydzik ◽  
Sundari Anitha
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Migration History ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk

This article examines migrant women tourism workers’ understandings of, and diverse responses to, exploitative working conditions by taking account of the constraints posed by oppressive contexts and ideologies. It analyses how their location at the intersection of multiple axes of disadvantage and discrimination on account of gender, ethno-nationality, immigration status and migration history as well as their low-status employment and educational level, shapes both their understandings of particular experiences of exploitation and possible responses to these, and examines the effects of their practices upon the power structures at work. Based on the experiences of eleven women from Central and Eastern European countries working in the UK tourism industry, this article theorises workers’ responses to hyperexploitative employment relations by utilising a differentiated conceptualisation of agency as practices of resilience, reworking and resistance. In doing so, it rejects binary categories of victimhood and agency, as well as romanticised accounts of unmitigated resistance.

Survey of otolaryngology services in Ukraine and neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Verkerk ◽  
R Wagner ◽  
R Fishchuk ◽  
J J Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjective:The present humanitarian crisis in Ukraine is putting strains on its healthcare system. This study aimed to assess services and training in otolaryngology, audiology and speech therapy in Ukraine and its geographical neighbours.Method:Survey study of 327 otolaryngologists from 19 countries.Results:Fifty-six otolaryngologists (17 per cent) from 15 countries responded. Numbers of otolaryngologists varied from 3.6 to 12.3 per 100 000 population (Ukraine = 7.8). Numbers of audiologists varied from 0, in Ukraine, to 2.8 per 100 000, in Slovakia, and numbers of speech therapists varied from 0, in Bulgaria, to 4.0 per 100 000, in Slovenia (Ukraine = 0.1). Ukraine lacks newborn and school hearing screening, good availability of otological drills and microscopes, and a cochlear implant programme.Conclusion:There is wide variation in otolaryngology services in Central and Eastern Europe. All countries surveyed had more otolaryngologists per capita than the UK, but availability of audiology and speech and language therapy is poor. Further research on otolaryngology health outcomes in the region will guide service improvement.

scholarly journals Inverse correlates of COVID-19 mortality across European countries during the first versus subsequent waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e006422
Author(s):  
Leonardo Villani ◽  
Roberta Pastorino ◽  
Walter Ricciardi ◽  
John Ioannidis ◽  
Stefania Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Countries ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Better Than

The objectives of the study were to calculate the standardised mortality rates (SMRs) for COVID-19 in European Union/European Economic Area countries plus the UK and Switzerland and to evaluate the correlation between SMRs and selected indicators in the first versus the subsequent waves until 23 June 2021. We used indirect standardisation (using Italy as the reference) to compute SMRs and considered 16 indicators of health and social well-being, health system capacity and COVID-19 response. The highest SMRs were in Belgium, the UK and Spain in the first wave (1.20–1.84) and in Hungary, Czechia and Slovakia in the subsequent waves (2.50–2.69). Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy, urbanisation and healthcare expenditure had positive correlations with SMR in the first wave (rho=0.30–0.46), but negative correlations (rho=−0.67 to −0.47) in the subsequent waves. Retail/recreation mobility and transit mobility were negatively correlated with SMR in the first wave, while transit mobility was inversely correlated with SMR in the subsequent waves. The first wave hit most hard countries with high HDI, high life expectancy, high urbanisation, high health expenditures and high tourism. This pattern may reflect higher early community seeding and circulation of the virus. Conversely, in the subsequent waves, this pattern was completely inversed: countries with more resources and better health status did better than eastern European countries. While major SMR differences existed across countries in the first wave, these differences largely dissipated by 23 June 2021, with few exceptions.

scholarly journals Did Food Insecurity rise across Europe after the 2008 Crisis? An analysis across welfare regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Davis ◽  
Ben Baumberg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rich Countries

Since the 2008 crisis, there has been a sharp rise in demand for food aid across high-income countries, spurring increased academic interest in the issue of food insecurity. Despite this heightened interest, there remains a paucity of quantitative evidence on trends in the prevalence of food insecurity in rich countries. In this context, the following article presents ‘direct’ evidence on recent patterns of food insecurity across countries and welfare regimes using secondary analysis of the European Quality of Life Survey. It uses an item which has been a longstanding component of deprivation scales, ‘could your household afford a meal with meat, chicken or fish every second day if you wanted it?’, to investigate two hypotheses. First, we explore whether food insecurity has risen since the 2008 crisis as the rise in food aid suggests. Second, we examine if this rise has varied across welfare regimes, if it has occurred at all. The article finds evidence to support both contentions: food insecurity has risen across many European countries and has varied by welfare regime. It also finds that contrary to expectations, the sharpest rise was in the Anglo-Saxon countries of Ireland and the UK, rather than Southern or Eastern European countries.

scholarly journals Global deoffshorization and its impact on the national and regional economies of eastern european countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Khalatur ◽  
Gediminas Radzevicius ◽  
Liudmyla Velychko ◽  
Valeriia Fesenko ◽  
Lesia Kriuchko
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

In recent years, deoffshorization is a trend and dozens of countries have already started an open fight against offshore accounts. Ukraine is moving to complete deoffshorization in accordance with the new rules for exchanging information on financial accounts and BEPS rules. The purpose of the study was to search for optimal solutions for further improvements in the field of deoffshorization of the national and regional economy of the Eastern European contries, in particular Ukraine. The following methods were used to solve the problems in the work: induction and deduction (in the study of offshore types, the definition of interconnection and interdependence between them), abstract-logical (in generalizing the theoretical foundations of economic deoffshorization ), econometric-statistical (in assessing the state and dynamics of export-import operations of Ukraine with offshore jurisdictions), statistical analysis.On the basis of theoretical and empirical conclusions, the main consequences, which are the result of the study of global deoffshorization in conditions of financial control and its influence on the national and regional economy of Ukraine, are presented. The article provides a correlation analysis of the dependence of the export index to the UK from Ukraine with export, import and balance of offshore countries. A study was conducted on the presence or absence of a relationship between the volume of balance, exports and imports from Ukraine to the United Kingdom with the macroeconomic indicators of the national economy of Ukraine.

Growth Strategies and Welfare Reforms in Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-436
Author(s):  
Sonja Avlijaš ◽  
Anke Hassel ◽  
Bruno Palier
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Welfare Spending ◽  
State Reform ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Welfare Reforms ◽  
Dynamic Services

This chapter shows that welfare reforms are institutionally and politically linked to countries’ growth strategies, i.e. the policies implemented by governments to boost growth and jobs creation since the 1980s. The chapter starts by identifying five growth strategies according to the engine of growth chosen and the type of welfare reform: export of dynamic services; export of high-quality manufacturing products; FDI-financed exports; domestic consumption driven by financialization; and domestic consumption driven by wages and welfare spending (which has transformed into “competitiveness through impoverishment” under pressure from the EU). We show that these five growth strategies can be associated with five types of welfare state reform: dualization of welfare, social investment, fiscal and social attractiveness, commodification of welfare, and social protectionism. The detailed account of the cases of the UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Baltic and Visegrád Eastern European countries, Italy and France underlines the actual connections between growth strategies and welfare reforms. The cases reveal that these strategies are not mutually exclusive and that more than one strategy might be pursued in a country. The chapter contributes to an understanding of how countries’ growth regimes change, by identifying the transformative feedback effect that the implementation of growth strategies has on them. The chapter concludes on the politics of growth strategies and welfare state reforms and the respective roles of producer coalitions and electoral politics.

scholarly journals ‘It's springtime for science’: renewing China–UK scientific relations in the 1970s

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Agar
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Communist China ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper examines how links between the People's Republic of China and the UK were rebuilt in the 1970s. It not only fills a gap in the historiography but also makes three particular arguments. The first is that there were two intersecting institutional paths along which the rebuilding of links were followed: a foreign policy path, in which the most important body was the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and an academy-level path in which relations between the Royal Society and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (also known in the early years as the Academia Sinica) were crucial. Especially under conditions in which access and travel to China were extremely restricted, the Royal Society acted as a ‘gatekeeper’, rationing visits to a select few researchers. The second argument is that science was a strategic pathfinder or diplomatic ‘avant garde’. The maintenance of scientific links, even during the most difficult periods of this history when they were all but severed, meant that a path was kept open to ‘further communication and exchange between peoples—and governments’, as Kathlin Smith has found in the broadly similar case of relations between China and the USA. In particular, scientific relations formed an important bridge in the negotiation and eventual agreement of the first treaty signed between the UK and communist China in 1978. It was no coincidence that this highest-level political agreement was accompanied by a parallel accord between the scientific academies. Third, I argue that, nevertheless, even this treaty was not entirely new, and that the model for the China–UK treaty was existing agreements on technology exchanges made with Eastern European countries.

scholarly journals Immigration and Integration of Foreigners in Czechia: Some Thoughts on the Country’s Migration Transition from a David to a Near Goliath

Geografie ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Drbohlav
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The objective of this article is to summarize, or rather to emphasize, important findings from selected research projects carried out in Czechia regarding international migration and the integration of foreigners. The primary topics of the article include Czechia’s migration position among other Central and Eastern European countries, illegal residence and the unauthorized economic activities of immigrants, the spatial organization of foreigners, forms of integration of foreigners and migration/ integration policy. The introduction and application of the so-called “migration cycle” concept form the conceptual basis of the article. Emphasis is given primarily to the fact that Czechia’s migration (and integration) situation is unique among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, due to its relatively advanced state of development. This is true both in terms of quantitative parameters and in light of their qualitative manifestations, including instruments for process management – i.e. the advanced and developed nature of migration and integration policies. This fact goes hand in hand with the evident convergence of Czech migration and integration tendencies with those known to exist in other developed immigration countries of Western Europe – with one exception: the spatial concentration of foreigners. This indicator does not yet approach the parameters (intensity and forms) known in more developed regions of the world.

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