Young Workers in the Class Structure

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Jones
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
National Data ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
General Household Survey

The sociological study of youth has tended to focus on either age and generation, or class and gender. Attempts to integrate the two approaches have been largely unsuccessful. This paper explores the longitudinal and cross-sectional dimensions of stratification and produces a framework for examining class differences in youth. Analysis of the inter-generational and intra-generational mobility of young workers, using two large national data sets, the General Household Survey and the National Child Development Study, leads to the identification of a typology of `Youth Class'. This empirically-based typology incorporates the notions of process and structure in a longitudinal class schema appropriate to the study of young people.

Continuity or Change: Inequalities in Health in Later Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTLater life and ill health are perceived as being synonymous. To be old is to be unhealthy, while youth is associated with good health. One result of the widespread acceptance of this stereotype is that there has been little analysis of differences in health status within the post-retirement age groups. Data from the 1980 and 1985 General Household Survey (GHS) are used to consider patterns of health in later life. Using cross-sectional analysis, it is shown that morbidity increases with age. However, even for those aged 85+ the experience of ill health is shown not to be universal. Health status varies between both men and women and between the social classes. These differences are shown not to be the result of the varying age composition of the gender and class groups. The data presented show that there are profound age, gender and class differences in health status in later life and these represent the continuation of inequalities observed within the non-retired population.

Leaving the Parental Home: An Analysis of Early Housing Careers

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Jones
Keyword(s):  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Transitional Housing ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTPatterns of leaving home vary between classes in terms of the reason for the move, its timing, reversibility of the process, and the type of accommodation entered on leaving the family of origin. The association between leaving home and marriage is seen to be weakening as more young people move into single independent housing prior to marriage. The notion of transitional housing is raised, and it is argued that there will be an increasing demand for such housing, characterised by suitable accommodation for the single, geographically mobile young. The study draws upon evidence in the General Household Survey and the National Child Development Study.

Foreign live-in domestic workers as caretakers of older Kuwaiti men and women: socio-demographic and health correlates

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
NASRA SHAH ◽  
HANAN BADR ◽  
MAKHDOOM SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTAgeing of the population is posing new challenges for caretakers. This paper aims to examine: (a) age and gender differences in care provided by a domestic worker versus a family member in the performance of activities of daily living (ADL); (b) socio-demographic correlates of care during illness; and (c) self-reported physical, functional, and psychological health status in relation to care-giver. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among 2,487 Kuwaiti nationals aged 50 years or older. This paper focuses on persons aged 70 or more. We found that domestic workers provided care to 28 per cent of men and 58 per cent of women who needed assistance with ADL; and to 14 per cent men and 51 per cent women during illness. These respondents ranked poorer on several health indicators and reported higher depressive symptoms score than those looked after by a family member. Logistic regression indicated that care by a domestic worker was approximately seven times more likely for women than men, about 10.8 times more likely for those without co-resident children compared with those who had three or more co-resident children, and 44 per cent less likely for the poorest compared with the richest persons. It appears that reliance on domestic workers is increasing and such reliance will remain necessary in the absence of culturally acceptable alternative institutional arrangements.

Co-residence between Adult Children and their Elderly Parents in England and Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Grundy ◽  
Anne Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Elderly Parent ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTCo-residence between adult children aged 35 or more and their elderly parent(s) or parent(s)-in-law has been investigated using data from the Office of the Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Survey and the 1985 General Household Survey supplement on informal carers. Overall 4 per cent of adults lived with a parent or parent-in-law but this proportion varied considerably with age, marital status and gender. Socio-economic differentials in co-residence were also found. These suggested that where the child is the provider of support to an elderly parent co-residence may be associated with socio-economic advantage. Differentials in co-residence rates and differences between co-residence data from the Longitudinal Study (LS) and data on co-resident carers from the General Household Survey (GHS) also point to the important role of elderly people as providers of support to adult children. In conclusion, the implications of these data for policies of community care are considered.

AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR A THEORY OF CLASS DIFFERENCES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Eve ◽  
Donald G.. Renslow
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Public University ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
National Data ◽  
Measures Of Association ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners

The research reported is based on an analysis of anonymous questionnaire data received from 72 Ss who were students at a southern public university. Ss filled out questionnaires at their leisure and returned them in sealed envelopes. A wide range of sexual behaviors and fantasies were self-reported by Ss including oral-genital sex, genital sex, homosexuality, bondage, sadomasochism, partialism, incest, pederasty, oralism, scatological acts, number of sexual partners, and premarital intercourse. The resulting data were presented in tabular form and compared with earlier national data sets. It was also noted that often fairly strong measures of association emerged in a positive direction between socioeconomic status and participation in (and/or approval of) “deviant” sexual behaviors.

scholarly journals Altitude and its inverse association with abdominal obesity in an Andean country: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Jaime Pajuelo-Ramírez ◽  
Harold Torres-Aparcana ◽  
Rosa Agüero-Zamora ◽  
Antonio M. Quispe
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
And Gender

Background: Abdominal obesity represents an accurate predictor of overall morbidity and mortality, which is worrisome because it is also continuously increasing across Andean countries. However, its relationship with altitude remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between altitude and abdominal obesity in Peru, and how sociodemographic variables impact this association. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Peru and analyzed its association with altitude using the data from the 2012-2013 National Household Survey (ENAHO). During this survey, a representative sample of Peruvians was screened for abdominal obesity, using waist circumference as a proxy, and the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines cutoffs. Results: Data were analyzed from a sample of 20,489 Peruvians (51% male). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was estimated at 33.6% (95% CI: 32.5 to 34.6%). In Peru, altitude was significantly and inversely associated with abdominal obesity, decreasing with higher altitudes: 1500-2999 meters above mean sea level (MAMSL) vs <1500 MAMSL, adjusted prevalence rate [aPR]= 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75 to 0.97); ≥3000 MAMSL vs <1500 MAMSL, aPR= 0.98 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.11), when adjusting by age, gender and residence area (rural/urban). However, this association was significantly modified by age and gender (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Abdominal obesity is highly prevalent in Peru and decreases significantly with altitude, but age and gender modify this association. Thus, abdominal obesity appears to affect older women from low altitudes more than younger men from high altitudes.

scholarly journals Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia, 2001–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Callinan ◽  
Jason Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Large Scale Survey

Callinan, S., & Ferris, J. (2014). Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia, 2001–2010. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 17-24. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.108Aim: The aim of the current study is to examine, using cross-sectional data, the role of maternal age, period (year of pregnancy) and cohort (year of birth) as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy over a 10-year period.Design: Four cross-sectional surveys were examined, both separately and together.Setting: Using cross-sectional data, there does appear to be a positive relationship between maternal age and alcohol consumption during pregnancy; however, within any one survey period, it is difficult to determine if these patterns are due to period or cohort effects.Participants: The National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) is a large-scale survey administered to more than 20,000 respondents. Across four survey periods, 3,281 women reported being pregnant in the 12 months prior to the survey.Measures: The section on pregnancy and alcohol in the NDSHS 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010.Findings: Age was a significant positive predictor of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in 2010. However, when the four data sets were combined, period appeared to be a stronger predictor, with younger groups and cohorts decreasing consumption at a faster rate over time than older groups and cohorts.Conclusions: Although age and cohort do play a role in the likelihood of alcohol consumption among Australian women during pregnancy, period is the most important predictor, indicating that alcohol consumption among pregnant women is decreasing. Furthermore, knowledge of pregnancy results in a marked decrease in consumption, suggesting a possible focus for prevention campaigns.

scholarly journals National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM): household survey component methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
Alexandra Crispim Boing ◽  
Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Medicines ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe methodological aspects of the household survey National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM) related to sampling design and implementation, the actual obtained sample, instruments and fieldwork. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study with probability sampling in three stages of the population living in households located in Brazilian urban areas. Fieldwork was carried out between September 2013 and February 2014. The data collection instrument included questions related to: information about households, residents and respondents; chronic diseases and medicines used; use of health services; acute diseases and events treated with drugs; use of contraceptives; use of pharmacy services; behaviors that may affect drug use; package inserts and packaging; lifestyle and health insurance. RESULTS In total, 41,433 interviews were carried out in 20,404 households and 576 urban clusters corresponding to 586 census tracts distributed in the five Brazilian regions, according to eight domains defined by age and gender. CONCLUSIONS The results of the survey may be used as a baseline for future studies aiming to assess the impact of government action on drug access and use. For local studies using a compatible method, PNAUM may serve as a reference point to evaluate variations in space and population. With a comprehensive evaluation of drug-related aspects, PNAUM is a major source of data for a variety of analyses to be carried out both at academic and government level.

Household demand for improved water supply services in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinfe Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tewodros Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
House Price ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Status ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Mekelle City ◽  
And Gender

With population growth and urbanization, demand for improved water services has been growing. It is imperative therefore to examine different factors that influence demand for improved water services and the resultant welfare changes. Using cross-sectional household survey data collected through structured questionnaire from ten administrative units in Mekelle City, we estimate household willingness to pay models and identify major determinant factors of demand for improved water service. In order to help us do this, we considered selection issues and estimated models using the Heckman Two-Step Estimator. Our results show that the amount of bid (amount of money households would be willing to pay) that households (already connected to private taps) would be willing to pay is positively associated with household income, ownership of the house, price of vended water and the practice of water purification. For households who are not connected to private taps, the amount they would be willing to pay for (improved) private tap connection is positively associated with formal education, housing status and gender. We also investigate the welfare gains and losses as a result of improved water service. Analytical results show that, as the number of households who subscribe to improved water service increases, there is a gain in surplus for households and revenue (producer surplus) for the municipality.

scholarly journals Effects of long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership/ utilisation indicators on annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in Bamenda, Santa and Tiko Health Districts in Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nchang Frederick Cho ◽  
Ngum Fru Paulette Cho-Azieh ◽  
Munguh Solange Fri ◽  
Cho Blessing Menyi ◽  
Jokwi Patrick Kofon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Districts ◽  
Malaria Episodes

Introduction Household residents in malaria endemic areas are at high risk of multiple malaria episodes per year. This study investigated the annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in three health districts in Cameroon. Methods A community-based cross-sectional household survey using a multi-stage cluster design was conducted 2 – 3 years post campaign to assess long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership, utilisation and maintenance as well as demographic characteristics. Multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with household LLIN ownership, utilization and AHME. Results Household LLINs ownership, de facto population with universal utilisation and AHME were respectively, 92.5%, 16.0% and 83.4%; thus, 4 out of 25 household residents effectively used LLINs the previous night. AHME was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with age and gender (OR; 1.6, 95% C.I; 1.1 – 2.3) of household head, health district (OR; 2.8, 95% C.I; 1.1 – 7.2) and tiredness (OR; 2.6, 95% C.I; 1.0 – 6.3). LLINs ownership and insufficiency also significantly contributed AHME. The overall average cost for the treatment of malaria was 6,399.4±4,892.8Fcfa (11.1±8.5US$). Conclusions The proportion of households with at least one LLIN and those with at least one AHME were high. Findings are of concern given that average cost for the treatment of malaria represents a potentially high economic burden. The results outlined in this paper provide an important tool for the examination of the deficiencies in LLINs regular and universal utilisation.

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