A Statistical Study of Factors Influencing Outpatient Service in Health Districts

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Tony Hindle ◽  
Alaa Al-Hamad
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Health Districts

This paper describes a statistical study within NHS health districts, using routinely available data, of the supply of outpatient services, the demands made on these services and the resulting balance of supply and demand. Indicators of supply have been investigated which aim to reflect the resources available within a district for outpatient services and indicators of demand have been studied which link to the number of general practitioners who are considered likely to make use of the services provided. Some preliminary analysis is attempted of relationships between the observed balance of supply and demand and the predictions based on the statistical models developed.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN OIL PRICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
T. I. SAILAONOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
The State ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

The article analyzes the state of pricing in the oil market, examines topical issues of assessing the emerging factors of influence both on the domestic and foreign markets. Particular attention is paid to the issues of the emerging situation of supply and demand for oil and oil products, regulation of its production, storage, transportation, processing, formation of sales volumes and income from sales. Highlighted and disclosed the problem of price regulation in the aspects of finding and achieving flexible forms of negotiating prices for oil supply and oil sales, taking into account various options for the volume of oil production.

scholarly journals Standarisasi Observer OSCE dengan Rubrik dan Multivideo

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Ide Pustaka Setiawan ◽  
Noviarina Kurniawati ◽  
Rr. Siti Rokhmah Projosasmito
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Data Collection Session

Background: One of the factors influencing the validity and reliability of the assessment is the standardization of the observers in assessing students’ performance. A recent study by Setiawan (2011) found that there is differences in the standard of assessment used by general practitioners and specialized doctors in assessing students in OSCE.7 These differences are considered to be harmful for the students, therefore needs to be improved. Several training methods are developed to overcome the problem. This study aims to assess whether rubric and multi video can be used as a means of standardization of OSCE observers.Method: This was an experimental action research. The instruments used in this study were checklist, rubric, and video recording of students doing OSCE (n=5), which further be called multi-video. The subjects of the study were the OSCE observers in station Integrated Patient Management (IPM) who were divided into control and treatment group. The subjects assessed students’ performance from the multi-video in two data collection sessions. In the first session, both control and treatment group used checklist for assessing the multi-video. Furthermore in the second session, the control group did as the first data collection session, while the treatment group used checklist and rubric for assessing the multivideo. The result of which compared and tested using independent sample t-test.Results: As many as 33 observers, which consists of 23 general practitioners (GP) and 10 specialized doctors (SP), participated in the first data collection session. In the second data collection session, 28 observers consist of 20 GPs and 8 SPs participated. The result of the first data collection session, which used only checklist as an instrument, showed a significant difference in the standard of assessment used by the GPS and SPs (p<0.05), whereas the second data collection session, which used rubric as an additional instrument for the treatment group, showed no significant difference between GPs and SPs in the standard of assessment (p>0.05).Conclusion: Rubrics and multi video can be used as a means of standardization of OSCE observer in assessing students’ performance. 

scholarly journals Annual rates of and factors influencing inpatient and outpatient transient ischaemic attacks in Chinese population: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e033786
Author(s):  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Xiaojuan Ru ◽  
Hongmei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Outpatient Visit ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Inpatient Admission ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visit Rate ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Outpatient Visits

ObjectivesTo investigate the rates and influencing factors of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) inpatient admissions and outpatient visits in China.SettingA door-to-door survey of 178 059 families from 155 urban and rural areas in 31 provinces in China, 2013.ParticipantsTotal 596 536 people were assessed in the annual rate analysis, and 829 TIA patients were assessed in the influencing factor analysis.Main outcome measuresThe weighted annual rates of TIA inpatient admissions and outpatient visits and the factors influencing inpatient admissions and outpatient visits for TIA patients.ResultsThe weighted annual inpatient admission rate per TIA patient was 25.8 (95% CI: 18.4 to 36.2) per 100 000 in the population, whereas the weighted annual inpatient admission rate for patients with TIAs was 32.5 (95% CI: 23.3 to 38.9) per 100 000 in the population. The weighted annual outpatient visit rate per TIA patient was 34.4 (95% CI: 26.2 to 45.1) per 100 000 in the population, whereas the weighted annual outpatient visit rate for patients with TIAs was 149.6 (95% CI: 127.0 to 165.5) per 100 000. The inpatient rate was higher for men than for women (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.59; p=0.001), for TIA patients with stroke than for patients with isolated TIAs (2.93; 2.01 to 4.25; p<0.001), for TIA patients with hypertension than for TIA patients without hypertension (2.60; 1.65 to 4.11; p<0.001). The outpatient rate was higher for TIA patients with stroke than for patients with isolated TIAs (1.88; 1.33 to 2.64; p<0.001), for TIA patients with dyslipidaemia than for TIA patients without dyslipidaemia (1.92; 1.30 to 2.83; p=0.001).ConclusionsThe annual rates of TIA inpatient admissions and outpatient visits in population are low, probably due to the lack of access to inpatient and outpatient services experienced by the majority of TIA patients in the population, and individuals’ socio-demographic characteristics, disease histories and stroke prognosis may be associated with inpatient and outpatient TIAs.

scholarly journals Factors influencing general practitioners in the prescription of homeopathic medicines

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Abratt ◽  
Julie Lanteigne
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Subject

This study examines the factors influencing general practitioners' prescription behaviour. It differs from previous studies in that the subject is homeopathic medicines and not pharmaceutical drugs. The literature indicates very particular behaviour patterns of doctors prescription behaviour. The present study provides evidence which contradicts the previous studies. There is thus evidence that what applies to the prescription of ethical pharmaceutical drugs does not apply to the prescription of alternative homeopathic medicines. It follows that marketing practices for alternative medicines should differ from those used by pharmaceutical companies.

Informing Prescribing Allocations at District Level in England

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Rice ◽  
Roy Carr-Hill ◽  
David Roberts ◽  
David Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
District Level ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Adult Males

Objectives: To derive a predictive model based on the morbidity, demographic and socio-economic characteristics of district populations to explain variations in prescribing costs in England. Method: Inter-relations between morbidity, demographic, socio-economic, general practice supply characteristics and net ingredient cost per age, sex and temporary resident originated prescribing unit (ASTRO-PU) were explored statistically for 90 districts in England using 1994 cost data. The possibility of mutual inter-relationship between ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ was examined; then the associations between a range of factors and prescribing costs were estimated using ordinary least squares regression and the predictive power of the possible models was systematically examined. Results: Whilst there was a relatively weak relationship between the supply factors that were measured, there did not appear to be any reciprocal relationship. Three parsimonious models estimated using ordinary least squares multiple regression techniques based on combinations of permanent sickness, low birth weight and the proportion of general practitioners registered for postgraduate certificate of education were identified. The models explained up to 61% of variation between districts in prescribing costs. Conclusions: ‘Need’ and ‘supply’ characteristics are independently associated with variations in prescribing costs at district level. The negative association between the proportion of general practitioners eligible for postgraduate education allowance and prescribing costs may reflect ‘better’ prescribing but could not be introduced into a resource allocation formula without introducing perverse incentives. The combination of permanent sickness and low birth weight complement each other by providing a proxy measure of morbidity mostly applicable to adult males (permanent sickness) and mothers (low birth weight being a measure of maternal health). These variables should be considered further for use in the process of allocating resources for prescribing to districts.

Preliminary Analysis of Factors Influencing Organ Donation Rates in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
S. Kwauk ◽  
Q. Wu ◽  
K. Nielson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing

Factors Influencing Supply and Demand for Organic Foods

2007 ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Butler ◽  
H. Newton ◽  
M. Bourlakis ◽  
C. Leifert
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Factors Influencing
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