A novel approach to tire parameter identification

Since they are believed to provide more reliable and accurate tire contact parameters, intelligent tires have been widely studied for the purpose of the performance enhancement of the vehicle control systems such as anti-lock breaking system and the electronic stability program. Moreover, it is also expected that intelligent tires can be utilized to analyze tire dynamic response, taking into consideration that the measurements from the sensors inside the tire would contain considerable information on tire behavior in real driving scenarios. In this work, the tire physical characteristics related to in-plane dynamics of the tire, such as stiffness of the belt and sidewall and contact pressure distribution, were identified based on the combination of strain measurements and a flexible ring tire model. The radial deformation of the tread band was directly obtained from strain measurements based on the strain-deformation relationship. Tire parameters were identified by fitting the radial deformations from the flexible ring model to those derived from strain measurements. This approach removed the complex and repeated procedure to satisfy the contact constraints between the tread and the road surface in the traditional ring model. For validation purposes, circumferential strains were measured for three different tires on a Flat-Trac indoor test rig. And then, circumferential contact pressures and tire parameters were estimated based on these measurements. Identification using only model-based methods was conducted and comparison was made to the measured contact patch shapes. The comparison among identification methods and measurements shows good agreement. The proposed method of utilizing intelligent tire fused with physical tire model is expected to provide another tool to investigate tire characteristics. Moreover, tire properties identified using intelligent tires could be more closely linked to vehicle performance.

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In-Plane Flexible Ring Tire Model—Part 1: Modeling and Parameter Identification

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/tire.18.460303 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 174-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bin Li ◽

Xiaobo Yang ◽

James Yang ◽

Yunqing Zhang ◽

Zeyu Ma

Keyword(s):

Static Load ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Tire Model ◽

Test Results ◽

Lumped Mass ◽

Virtual Test ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Particle Swarm Method ◽

Vehicle Dynamic Simulation ◽

Flexible Ring

ABSTRACT The tire model is essential for accurate and efficient vehicle dynamic simulation. In this article, an in-plane flexible ring tire model is proposed, in which the tire is composed of a rigid rim, a number of discretized lumped mass belt points, and numerous massless tread blocks attached on the belt. One set of tire model parameters is identified by approaching the predicted results with ADAMS® FTire virtual test results for one particular cleat test through the particle swarm method using MATLAB®. Based on the identified parameters, the tire model is further validated by comparing the predicted results with FTire for the static load-deflection tests and other cleat tests. Finally, several important aspects regarding the proposed model are discussed.

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Techniques for Determining the Parameters of a Two-Dimensional Tire Model for the Study of Ride Comfort

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2137540 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 187-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. Mancosu ◽

G. Matrascia ◽

F. Cheli

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Ride Comfort ◽

Dynamic Test ◽

Longitudinal Direction ◽

Tire Model ◽

Rigid Ring ◽

Ring Model ◽

Mass Moment ◽

A New Technique ◽

And Performance

Abstract A rigid ring model of the tire for the study of in-plane dynamics and a new technique for determining the parameters of the model are presented in this paper. This model can be used for studying the comfort of vehicles, problems of driving, and braking problems in the longitudinal direction. Comparison with finite element models shows that the rigid ring model of the tire is capable of describing the in-plane eigenmode shapes in the frequency range of 0–130 Hz. The well-known “brush model,” integrated into the tire model, is introduced to take into account the slide phenomena in the contact patch. The parameters of the model can be correlated with the physical properties of the tire so that designers can take advantage of such a correlation in the development of new tires in terms of time, cost, and performance. The technique used to determine the parameters of the model for some automobile tires include the direct measurements of some physical properties (mass, moment of inertia, stiffness) and a method of identification applied on the results from a dynamic test. The model is able to predict experimental data in terms of natural frequencies and relative dampings. Results from the application of this technique on two tires are reported.

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Striated Tire Yaw Marks—Modeling and Validation

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4309

Author(s):

Wojciech Wach ◽

Jakub Zębala

Keyword(s):

Vehicle Dynamics ◽

Linear Equations ◽

Tire Model ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

The Road ◽

Variable Curvature ◽

Macro Scale ◽

On The Road ◽

Multi Body ◽

Non Linear Equations

Tire yaw marks deposited on the road surface carry a lot of information of paramount importance for the analysis of vehicle accidents. They can be used: (a) in a macro-scale for establishing the vehicle’s positions and orientation as well as an estimation of the vehicle’s speed at the start of yawing; (b) in a micro-scale for inferring among others things the braking or acceleration status of the wheels from the topology of the striations forming the mark. A mathematical model of how the striations will appear has been developed. The model is universal, i.e., it applies to a tire moving along any trajectory with variable curvature, and it takes into account the forces and torques which are calculated by solving a system of non-linear equations of vehicle dynamics. It was validated in the program developed by the author, in which the vehicle is represented by a 36 degree of freedom multi-body system with the TMeasy tire model. The mark-creating model shows good compliance with experimental data. It gives a deep view of the nature of striated yaw marks’ formation and can be applied in any program for the simulation of vehicle dynamics with any level of simplification.

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Extracting Stops from Spatio-Temporal Trajectories within Dynamic Contextual Features

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 690

Author(s):

Tao Wu ◽

Huiqing Shen ◽

Jianxin Qin ◽

Longgang Xiang

Keyword(s):

Moving Objects ◽

Major Effect ◽

Location Based Services ◽

Trajectory Data ◽

The Road ◽

Contextual Features ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Gps Trajectories ◽

Time Distance ◽

Spatio Temporal

Identifying stops from GPS trajectories is one of the main concerns in the study of moving objects and has a major effect on a wide variety of location-based services and applications. Although the spatial and non-spatial characteristics of trajectories have been widely investigated for the identification of stops, few studies have concentrated on the impacts of the contextual features, which are also connected to the road network and nearby Points of Interest (POIs). In order to obtain more precise stop information from moving objects, this paper proposes and implements a novel approach that represents a spatio-temproal dynamics relationship between stopping behaviors and geospatial elements to detect stops. The relationship between the candidate stops based on the standard time–distance threshold approach and the surrounding environmental elements are integrated in a complex way (the mobility context cube) to extract stop features and precisely derive stops using the classifier classification. The methodology presented is designed to reduce the error rate of detection of stops in the work of trajectory data mining. It turns out that 26 features can contribute to recognizing stop behaviors from trajectory data. Additionally, experiments on a real-world trajectory dataset further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the accuracy of identifying stops from trajectories.

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Effects of atmospheric temperature and pressure on the performance of a vehicle

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/09544070260137499 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 216 (6) ◽

pp. 473-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S M C Soares ◽

J R Sodre

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Sea Level ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Atmospheric Temperature ◽

Intake Manifold ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Fixed Temperature ◽

Vehicle Performance ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road

This paper describes the influence of the atmospheric conditions on the performance of a vehicle. Tests were carried out on the road, under different conditions of ambient temperature, pressure and humidity, measuring the acceleration time. The tested vehicle featured a gasoline-fuelled four-cylinder engine, with variable intake manifold length and multipoint fuel injection. The vehicle was tested at sea level and at an altitude of 827 m above sea level, with the ambient temperature ranging from 20 to 30°C. The times required for the vehicle to go from 80 to 120 km/h, from 40 to 100 km/h and to reach distances of 400 and 1000 m leaving from an initial speed of 40 km/h at full acceleration were recorded. The results showed the vehicle performance to be more affected by changes in the atmospheric pressure than in the temperature. An average difference of 3 per cent in the time to reach 1000 m, leaving from the speed of 40 km/h at full acceleration, was found between the atmospheric pressures tested, for a fixed temperature.

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In-plane Dynamics of Tires on the Road Based on an Experimentally Verified Rolling Ring Model

Vehicle System Dynamics ◽

10.1080/00423119208969011 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 247-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Shyh-Chin HUANG ◽

Chen-Kai SU

Keyword(s):

The Road ◽

Ring Model ◽

On The Road ◽

Rolling Ring

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Pavement State Recognition Method Considering Slope

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2113/1/012080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2113 (1) ◽

pp. 012080

Author(s):

Xiuhao Xi ◽

Jun Xiao ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Yanchao Wang

Keyword(s):

Surface Condition ◽

Lateral Force ◽

Longitudinal Force ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Road Surface ◽

Tire Model ◽

State Recognition ◽

Adhesion Coefficient ◽

The Road ◽

Real Time Tracking

Abstract For the problem of road surface condition recognition, this paper proposes a real-time tracking method to estimate road surface slope and adhesion coefficient. Based on the fusion of dynamics and kinematics, the current road slope of the vehicle which correct vertical load is estimated. The effect of the noise from dynamic and kinematic methods on the estimation results is removed by designing a filter. The normalized longitudinal force and lateral force are calculated by Dugoff tire model, and the Jacobian matrix of the vector function of the process equation is obtained by combining the relevant theory of EKF algorithm. The road adhesion coefficient is estimated finally. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by analyzing the results under different operating conditions, such as docking road and bisectional road, using a joint simulation of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim.

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Development of an Out-of-Plane Flexible Ring Tire Model Compared with Commercial FTire® Via Virtual Cleat Tests

10.4271/2018-01-1120 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bin Li ◽

Xiaobo Yang ◽

James Yang

Keyword(s):

Tire Model ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Flexible Ring

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A Real-Time Thermal Model for the Analysis of Tire/Road Interaction in Motorcycle Applications

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10051604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1604

Author(s):

Flavio Farroni ◽

Nicolò Mancinelli ◽

Francesco Timpone

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ground Level ◽

Interaction Force ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Vehicle Performance ◽

The Road ◽

Key Factor ◽

Cooling Effects ◽

Heat Exchanges

While in the automotive field the relationship between road adherence and tire temperature is mainly investigated with the aim to enhance the vehicle performance in motorsport, the motorcycle sector is highly sensitive to such theme also from less extreme applications. The small extension of the footprint, along with the need to guarantee driver stability and safety in the widest possible range of riding conditions, requires that tires work as most as possible at a temperature able to let the viscoelastic compounds-constituting the tread and the composite materials of the whole carcass structure-provide the highest interaction force with road. Moreover, both for tire manufacturing companies and for single track vehicles designers and racing teams, a deep knowledge of the thermodynamic phenomena involved at the ground level is a key factor for the development of optimal solutions and setup. This paper proposes a physical model based on the application of the Fourier thermodynamic equations to a three-dimensional domain, accounting for all the sources of heating like friction power at the road interface and the cyclic generation of heat because of rolling and to asphalt indentation, and for the cooling effects because of the air forced convection, to road conduction and to turbulences in the inflation chamber. The complex heat exchanges in the system are fully described and modeled, with particular reference to the management of contact patch position, correlated to camber angle and requiring the adoption of an innovative multi-ribbed and multi-layered tire structure. The completely physical approach induces the need of a proper parameterization of the model, whose main stages are described, both from the experimental and identification points of view, with particular reference to non-destructive procedures for thermal parameters definition. One of the most peculiar and challenging features of the model is linked with its topological and analytical structure, allowing to run in real-time, usefully for the application in co-simulation vehicle dynamics platforms, for performance prediction and setup optimization applications.

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