scholarly journals Nanny care in Sweden: The inequalities of everyday doings of care

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Eldén ◽  
Terese Anving
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Au Pairs ◽  
Pair Work ◽  
Point Of Departure

In this article, we analyse practice of care and family in families who employ nannies and au pairs. Taking our point of departure in the narratives of all the participating actors – nannies/au pairs (n = 26), parents (n = 29) and children receiving care (n = 19) – we show how this ‘doing of family’ is reproducing inequalities between families: the new local care loops enable a possibility for some – well-off – parents to realize the (highly valued) ideals of gender equality and ‘good and stress-free parenting’. We also show how this reproduces inequalities within families. The narratives of everyday care situations told by nannies, au pairs and children entail evidence of invisible and complex ‘sentient’ care activities that diverge remarkably from the explicit characterizing of the work as easy and independent. This discrepancy makes nanny/au pair work into precarious gendered care doings, similar to the care performed in families traditionally, by wives and mothers, but now obscured by the nanny/au pairs’ subordinate status. In conclusion, classed, gendered and ethnic inequalities are characterizing the new ‘local care loops’ being encouraged and enabled in Sweden. The driving forces are to be found on a macro level, in processes of globalization and in political and policy changes, but the consequences are detectable in everyday interactions in the micro-settings of the home.

The Innovators

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gendered Expectations ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter introduces the innovators and provides a portrait of them. The chapter analyzes these innovators at the individual, interactional, and macro level of the gender structure. The chapter begins at the individual level of analysis because these young people emphasize how they challenge gender by rejecting requirements to restrict their personal activities, goals, and personalities to femininity or masculinity. They refuse to live within gender stereotypes. These Millennials do not seem driven by their feminist ideological beliefs, although they do have them. Their worldviews are more taken for granted than central to their stories. Nor are they consistently challenging gender expectations for others, although they often ignore the gender expectations they face themselves. They innovate primarily in their personal lives, although they do reject gendered expectations at the interactional level and hold feminist ideological beliefs about gender equality.

scholarly journals Impacts of Faith-Based Lifestyle Interventions on Congregational-Level Nutrition and Physical Activity Environment and Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
Summer Wilmoth ◽  
Leah Carrillo ◽  
Elana Martinez ◽  
Raymundo Mendoza Mendoza ◽  
Lauren Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Environment Policy ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objectives Hispanics are disproportionally affected by obesity, cancer, and other obesity-related chronic diseases. Building a Healthy Temple (BHT) was a multi-component, faith-based lifestyle intervention implemented in 27 low-income, predominately-Hispanic congregations in San Antonio, TX between 2012 and 2017. One aim of BHT was to assess program effectiveness at improving health-conducive church environment/policy and sustainability of these improvements at follow-up. Methods A key macro-level program component of BHT was the formation of a Health Ministry Committee to initiate church-wide health-conducive environment/policy changes. The Congregational Health Index (CHI) was used to assess church nutrition (17 items) and physical activity (PA, 5 items) environment/policy at baseline, end of program, and follow-up (6 months or more post-intervention). Data were expressed as % of the maximum scores. Friedman test and post hoc analysis were performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and significance of pairwise comparisons, adjusted with Bonferroni correction. Results Eighteen churches completed all 3 CHI assessments. Percentage of total nutrition and PA environment/policy scores for baseline, end of program, and follow-up were 38% (35–45), 64% (53–75), and 69% (64–77), respectively. Post hoc analysis shows significant improvements in nutrition and PA environment/policy scores at end of program (Z = –3.73, P < 0.001) and follow-up (Z = –3.73, P < 0.001) as compared to baseline, as well as significantly higher scores at follow-up compared to end of program (Z = –3.18, P = 0.001). Conclusions Study findings reveal the importance of utilizing congregation-wide macro-level interventions to create health-conducive enviroment/policy changes to facilitate and sustain healthy lifestyle changes in predominately-Hispanic faith community settings. Funding Sources Baptist Health Foundation San Antonio & Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas.

The gender gap in sport event attendance in Europe: The impact of macro-level gender equality

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Lagaert ◽  
Henk Roose
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the gender gap in sport event attendance – characterized by higher male and lower female participation – using a macro-sociological and cross-national comparative approach. We argue that because gender is produced and justified in the realm of sport, gender gaps in sport event attendance may be more pronounced in some societies than others, depending on the position women and men have in the particular context in which someone ‘does’ his/her gender. So, in addition to individual attributes, one has to consider the societal, macro-level gender equality in order to understand the individual-level gender inequalities in sport event attendance. Using multilevel analyses on Eurobarometer data (2007), we evaluate whether the size of the gender gap in sport event attendance varies across European Union (EU) countries and how this variation relates to societal gender equality, as measured by the Gender Equality Index of the European Institute for Gender Equality. We find higher male than female attendance in all EU countries, but also conclude that higher levels of macro-level gender equality are associated with smaller gender gaps in sport event attendance.

scholarly journals THE FEMINIST AGENDA, A FALL OF HIERARCHAL REDRESS OR AN ATTEMPT TO ESTABLISHING AN ‘EQUAL’ SOCIETY GONE WRONG: AN INTERNAL CRITIQUE TO FEMINIST THEORIES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Motshweni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
South African ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Critical Race Feminism ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Point Of Departure

The aim of this paper is to interrogate the post-1994 feminist approaches to jurisprudential discourse. This interrogation will include a consideration as to whether critical instead of ‘traditional’ feminist theories contribute in transforming or decolonising South African law and jurisprudence. It is my suggestion that the inquiry to address ‘gender equality’ before and without addressing issues of racism and racial classism simultaneously in South Africa contributes effectively to the continued marginalisation of black women. As such, my position attempts to engage with the critical feminist approaches in order to address the prejudices that traditional feminist approaches impose on black women. The focal theoretical point of departure for this interrogation is critical race feminism.2 Critical race feminism proposes a progressive initiative for addressing the inconsistencies embodied within the traditional feminist approaches and is thus suitable for the South African post-apartheid context as it may trigger ‘transformative possibilities’.3 It is my contention that in order to address the marginalisation of black women, the traditional feminist approaches (such as the dominant feminist approaches) must be done away with for they are a hindrance to legal reform, as they prejudice the very structure they claim to protect.

scholarly journals Is Europe Cascading into Fascism? Addressing Key Concepts including Gender and Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Walby
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
European History ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conceptual Work

Is Europe cascading into fascism? The answer to this question matters for understanding the opposition to gender equality projects in Europe. The article addresses some of the key concepts needed to answer this question. Is ‘fascism’ or ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’ or just ‘neoliberalism’ the most appropriate concept to capture the turn to the right? The article compares the extent to which these concepts encompass ‘violence’ and ‘gender’. ‘Fascism’ is an important benchmark from European history, but Europe has not yet reached its levels of violence. The qualifier ‘authoritarian’ is not needed for ‘neoliberalism’ since it generates a trajectory towards violence. Some conceptual work is required in order to develop ‘neoliberalism’ to encompass ‘gender’ and ‘violence’, but there are bodies of work that support such a development. Including gender in analyses of the macro level changes occurring in Europe requires the concept of ‘varieties of gender regime’, which enables the conceptualisation of neoliberalism as gendered.

scholarly journals Macro-level gender equality and depression in men and women in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Van de Velde ◽  
Tim Huijts ◽  
Piet Bracke ◽  
Clare Bambra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Translingual Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Helgesson ◽  
Christina Kullberg
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
South African ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
African Writer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract This article outlines a theory of world literary reading that takes language and the making of boundaries between languages as its point of departure. A consequence of our discussion is that world literature can be explored as uneven translingual events that make linguistic tensions manifest either at the micro level of the individual text or at the macro level of publication and circulation—or both. Two case studies exemplify this. The first concerns an episode in the institutionalization of Shakespeare as a global canonical figure in 1916, with a specific focus on the South African writer Sol Plaatje’s Setswana contribution to A Book of Homage to Shakespeare. The second case discusses how Edwidge Danticat’s novel The Farming of Bones (1998) evokes the bodily and affective charge of boundary-making by troubling the border between Haitian and Dominican speech.

scholarly journals Honor and political violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Bjarnegård ◽  
Karen Brounéus ◽  
Erik Melander
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Who participates in political violence? In this study, we investigate the issue at the micro-level, comparing individuals who have used violence in political uprisings with those who have not. We develop our argument from the observation that men are strongly overrepresented in political violence, although most men do not participate. Literature on masculinities emphasizes the role of honor and its links to different forms of violence, such as domestic abuse, criminal violence, and violent attitudes. Building on this literature, we discern two separate but related aspects of honor: honor as male societal privilege and control over female sexuality, that is, patriarchal values, and honor as ideals of masculine toughness, that is, the perceived necessity for men to be fierce and respond to affronts with violence or threats of violence in order to preserve status. We argue that patriarchal values combined with ideals of masculine toughness together constitute honor ideology, which contributes in turn to the explanation of who participates in political violence. We present new and unique individual-level survey data on these issues, collected in Thailand. We find that honor ideology strongly and robustly predicts a higher likelihood of participating in political violence among male political activists. A number of previous studies found a macro-level relationship between gender equality and peacefulness in a society. This study provides evidence for one micro-level mechanism linking gender equality and political violence at the macro level. Based on these results, we conclude that honor ideology endorsement is a driver of violence in political conflicts.

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