Power resources and supranational mechanisms: The global unions and the OECD Guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 095968012098823
Author(s):  
Michele Ford ◽  
Michael Gillan

This article uses the power resources approach to analyse the Global Union Federations’ (GUFs) use of the specific instances mechanism associated with the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. While this mechanism has serious limitations, it has proved to be a useful tool when combined with public campaigns and the exercise of other power resources at multiple scales. This is so, we argue, because the fact that multi-national enterprises themselves operate across national boundaries creates an incentive to engage power resources at a supranational level, as well as within the countries where they, or their suppliers, are present. As this finding suggests, consideration of unions’ power resources benefits from deeper consideration of the multi-scalar and interrelated character of union action and of the role that intermediary coordinating organizations like GUFs play in supporting the exercise of power at the supranational level.

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee-Liang Tan ◽  
Siew Tong Fock

Families control more than half of the corporations in East Asia (World Bank, 1999; World Bank, 1998). The contribution of family businesses to Asia's economic growth is predicated upon successfully growing their businesses. Many family businesses in East Asia, spanning countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia, are Chinese owned and managed. Some claim that these businesses will never develop into full-fledged multinational enterprises because of their cultural heritage (Redding, 1990). However, some Chinese family businesses have successfully made the transition. This paper presents an in-depth study of five Chinese family businesses in Singapore that have successfully made the transition in growth and size and across national boundaries and family generations. Their business empires extend into the Asia Pacific region. This paper highlights the key success factors of these five noteworthy family businesses that enabled them to make these growth transitions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Sean Skaarup ◽  
Carolan Mclarney

As national boundaries and cultural lines continue to blend together, the success of a modern business enterprise has increasingly depended on a global network of stakeholders. To remain sustainable, multinational enterprises (MNEs) seek any competitive advantage that strengthens their brand, improves efficiency, increases profitability, or lowers costs. Considering all available options and committing to perpetual value creation is not just good business sense, it is fundamental to survival. Driving up shareholder value is the result of a culmination of business decisions to meet the expectations of one important stakeholder, the customer. Customers are consumers, and despite significant differences in needs, tastes, and preferences, common denominators are an appreciation for value and transaction benefits that exceed opportunity costs. How effectively a business meets or exceeds a customer's expectations will directly impact their overall satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is sensitive to a wide variety of factors, and how a company addresses them will ultimately determine their success, longevity, and positioning amongst industry peers.


1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Enderwick

The under-development of multinational collective bargaining has generally been equated with legal and institutional differences between major host and source nations of direct foreign investment. Such an analysis is deficient in that it imputes a neutral role to management action in discouraging such a development. Analysis of the labour utilisation practices of multinational enterprises reveals their impact on labour stratification and segmentation. An important outcome of multinationality is to create considerable vulnerability, within many multinational enterprises, to effec tive nationally based union action. Labour responses to the multinational enterprise exploiting these structural paradoxes appear to represent the most cost-efficient way forward for organised labour.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-445
Author(s):  
Pedro Mendonça

Drawing on a case study on the civil airline industry in Portugal, this article addresses the impact of precarious employment on trade union action and examines the conditions under which trade unions defend precarious workers’ interests. Using a power-resource theoretical framework, findings in this article highlight that cost-cutting employment practices are used strategically by employers to curb collectivisation and trade unionism. In addition, this article shows that when trade unions engage in an inclusive strategy to defend precarious workers’ interests, the compounded and inter-linked effect of trade union power resources, network embeddedness and international solidarity may be key to achieving success. S’appuyant sur une étude de cas portant sur l’industrie du transport aérien civil au Portugal, cet article traite de l’impact de l’emploi précaire sur l’action syndicale et examine les conditions dans lesquelles les syndicats défendent les intérêts des travailleurs précaires. À partir d’un cadre théorique fondé sur les ressources du pouvoir, les conclusions de cet article soulignent que les pratiques de réduction des coûts de l’emploi sont utilisées de manière stratégique par les employeurs pour freiner la collectivisation et le syndicalisme. En outre, cet article montre que lorsque les syndicats s’engagent dans une stratégie inclusive pour défendre les intérêts des travailleurs précaires, les effets combinés et interdépendants des ressources de pouvoir des syndicats, de leur ancrage dans les réseaux et de la solidarité internationale peuvent être la clé du succès. Der vorliegende Artikel beruht auf einer Fallstudie über die zivile Luftfahrt in Portugal und befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen prekärer Beschäftigung auf gewerkschaftliches Handeln sowie mit den Bedingungen, unter denen die Gewerkschaften die Interessen prekär beschäftigter Arbeitnehmer wahrnehmen. Die Autoren nutzen den Rahmen der Machtressourcentheorie für ihre Untersuchung und kommen zu dem Schluss, dass kostensenkende Beschäftigungspraktiken von Arbeitgebern strategisch genutzt werden, um gegen kollektives Handeln und Gewerkschaftsbewegung zu agieren. Darüber hinaus zeigt der Artikel, dass es für die Gewerkschaften ein Schlüssel zum Erfolg sein kann, wenn sie zur Wahrnehmung der Interessen prekär beschäftigter Arbeitnehmer eine inklusive Strategie nutzen, die auf sich gegenseitig verstärkende und ergänzende gewerkschaftliche Machtressourcen, Einbettung in Netzwerke und internationale Solidarität setzt.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Charles Nicholson ◽  
Sandra Caldeira ◽  
Artur Furtado ◽  
Ciaran Nicholl

BACKGROUND Population-based patient registries are entities that collect summary patient data from a well-defined population. Their main function is the monitoring and surveillance of a particular disease within their population catchment area, but they are also an important data source used in epidemiology. Comparing indicators across national boundaries brings considerable extra benefit to registries’ data, especially in regions where supranational initiatives are or could be coordinated to leverage good practices; this is particularly important for the European Union. Stricter data-protection laws however can unintentionally hamper the efforts of data harmonization to ensure the removal of statistical bias in the individual data sets, thereby compromising the integrated value of registries’ data. A new paradigm is required to ensure registries can operate in an environment that is not unnecessarily restrictive and allow accurate comparison of data for better ascertaining measures and practices most conducive to the public health of societies. OBJECTIVE To propose a solution towards a viable and sustainable model for the integration of registry data at supranational level. METHODS The pan-European organisational model of cancer registries, owing to its long and successful establishment, was taken as a good starting point from which to propose a sustainable, generic model for patient registries. Drawbacks to the model, particularly with respect to scalability and resourcing, were addressed in an adapted model. RESULTS An inter-registry organisational model based along the lines of the European Network of Cancer Registries was adapted to tackle the governance and resourcing aspects essential for a generic patient-registry model. The adapted model is a proposal for how patient registries can inter operate to ensure harmonisation and quality of data for accurate comparison at supranational level. CONCLUSIONS In view of the challenges relating to accurate and unbiased inter-comparison of population-based registry data across national boundaries for disease-surveillance purposes, a sustainable, generic patient-registry model is proposed. Integrating registry data is important for understanding progression and trends of the most prevalent diseases as well as for ascertaining effective control measures. The model promises a valuable data resource for epidemiological research, whilst providing a closely regulated environment for the processing of pseudonomised patient summary data on a broader scale than has hitherto been possible.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci

Transnational Marketing Journal is a new scholarly, peer-reviewed journal is dedicated to disseminating high quality contemporary research into transnational marketing practices and scholarship while encouraging critical approaches in the development of marketing theory and practice. It is an exciting new venture for us and we would like to invite innovative thinking, scholarship, and current research into marketing practices and challenges crossing national borders.In Transnational Marketing and Transnational Consumers, Transnational Marketing is defined “as understanding and addressing customer needs, wants and desires in their own country of residence and beyond and in borderless cultural contexts with the help of synergies emerging across national boundaries and transfer of expertise and advantages between markets where the organization operates transnationally with a transnational mentality supported by transnational organization structures and without compromising the sustainability of any target markets and resource environment offering satisfactory exchanges between the parties involved” (Sirkeci, 2013: vii).


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evinç Doğan ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci

This study examines the ways in which the city image of Istanbul is re-created through the mega-events within the context of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2010. Istanbul “took the stage” as one of the three ECoC cities (Essen for the Ruhr in Germany and Pécs in Hungary), where the urban spaces were projected as the theatre décor while residents and visitors became the spectators of the events. Organisers and agents of the ECoC 2010 seemed to rebrand Istanbul as a “world city” rather than a “European capital”. With a series of transnational connotations, this can be considered as part of an attempt to turn Istanbul to a global city. In this study we examine posters used during the ECoC 2010 to see whether this was evident in the promoted images of Istanbul. The research employs a hermeneutic approach in which representations, signs and language are the means of symbolic meaning, which is analysed through qualitative methods for the visual data (Visual Analysis Methods), namely Semiotics and Discourse Analysis. The analysed research material comes from a sample of posters released during the ECoC 2010 to promote 549 events throughout the year. Using stratified random sampling we have drawn 28 posters (5% of the total) reflecting the thematic groups of events in the ECoC 2010. Particular attention is also paid to the reflexivity of the researchers and researchers’ embeddedness to the object of research. The symbolic production and visual representation are therefore investigated firstly through the authoritative and historically constituted discourses in the making of Istanbul image and secondly through the orders of cultural consumption and mediatisation of culture through spectacular events. Hence enforcing a transnationalisation of the image of the city where the image appears to be almost stateless transcending the national boundaries. Findings and methodology used in this study can be useful in understanding similar cases and further research into the processes of city and place branding and image relationships. 


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