Effects of occupational exposure to aluminium on some oxidative stress and DNA damage parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Samir ◽  
LA Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Aluminium Level ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Serum Aluminium

Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate the relationships between aluminium levels, oxidative status and DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to aluminium. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted in a secondary aluminium smelter. It included 96 male workers occupationally exposed to aluminium fume and dust compared to 96 male nonexposed individuals. Full history and clinical examination were done for all participants. Laboratory investigations in the form of serum aluminium, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and comet assay test were performed. Results: Serum aluminium level ranged from 4 to 30 µg/L of median: 10 µg/L; urinary 8-OHdG ranged from 2.7 to 17.2 ng/mg creatinine of median: 7.6 ng/mg creatinine; comet tail length (CTL) ranged from 19.7 to 50.5 µm of median: 45 µm, were statistically significantly increased in the exposed group compared to nonexposed group. In exposed workers, a statistically significant positive correlations were found between serum aluminium level and urinary 8-OHdG ( r = 0.75, p < 0.001); aluminium level and CTL ( r = 0.71, p < 0.001); and urinary 8-OHdG and CTL ( r = 0.71, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum aluminium and TAC ( r = −0.76, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Occupational exposure to aluminium in secondary aluminium smelters was related to the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. This may promote the development of adverse health hazards in the exposed workers

scholarly journals Comet Assay results of pilots exposed to pesticides

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela ◽  
Stefan Waliszewski ◽  
María Elena Calderón-Segura ◽  
Mario Caba ◽  
Enrique Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Organic Pesticides

Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals designed for the control of pests affecting cultivated plants. Frequently, they are classified according to their chemical structure, organic and non-organic pesticides. Biomonitoring studies using somatic cells have been conducted to evaluate the possible genotoxic risk of occupationally exposed workers to pesticides. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effects of pesticides in pilots occupationally exposed to these chemicals during aerial application in agricultural fields. The study groups comprised 30 pilots who applied aerial pesticides and 30 controls. The alkaline Comet Assay was performed on freshly collected peripheral whole blood lymphocytes. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the equality of two population medians. Additionally, a comparison of two groups according to age and years of work as quantitative variables and a one-way analysis of variance (Anova) with Tukey’s post hoc test were applied. To corroborate differences between groups, a regression analysis was performed to calculate the degree of correlation, expressing their magnitude by R2. Statistical significances were set at a p value of <0.05. The median of comet frequency, tail length (159.6 ± 16.8) and tail moment (16.75 ± 3.13) reveals statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between exposed pilots and controls. The pilot group divided according to age reveals Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage which increases significantly when age of participant increases. Neither smoking nor alcohol consumption could be statistically linked to DNA damage. 

Occupational exposure assessment in professionals who manipulate and administer antineoplastic drugs in a university hospital in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110036
Author(s):  
Sandro Luis R Ness ◽  
Marcello Á Mascarenhas ◽  
Marcelo D Arbo ◽  
Bruna D Tonietto ◽  
Larissa V Cestonaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Stress Parameters

Introduction Our goal was to demonstrate the effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs on oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage in health professionals who manipulate and administer antineoplastic drugs in a University Hospital in Southern Brazil. Methods The case-control study with a longitudinal design, involved 64 individuals, 29 of them pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and nurses who were occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and 35 professionals who were not exposed. Gene mutations were determined by micronucleus from salivary fluid; DNA damage by comet assay and oxidative stress parameters in whole blood were also evaluated. Results All workers exposed to antineoplastic drugs used personal protective equipment (PPE). It was demonstrated that the total nonprotein thiol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels showed interaction between group and time, with higher levels one week after handling/administration of antineoplastic drugs in the exposed group (GEE, p ≤ 0.0001 and p = 0,013, respectively). Additionally, there was a group effect on the activities of the catalase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzymes (GEE, p = 0.027 and p ≤ 0.0001, respectively), and workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs had higher enzyme activities compared to those not exposed. No genotoxic damage was demonstrated through the evaluated parameters. Conclusions Despite the correct use of PPE, professionals occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs were more susceptible to oxidative stress than those not exposed. The evaluation of the studied parameters is especially important for the definition of conducts and practices in the area, always in search of guaranteeing the establishment of a rational policy to protect workers' health.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in organophosphorus insecticide formulators

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Shadnia ◽  
Ebrahim Azizi ◽  
Rohollah Hosseini ◽  
Samideh Khoei ◽  
Shamileh Fouladdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and oxidative stress in workers who formulate organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. In this survey, blood leukocytes and erythrocytes of a group of 21 pesticide formulating workers and an equal number of control subjects were examined for genotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters. The mean comet tail length and mean comet length were used to measure DNA damage. Lipid peroxidation level, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities in erythrocytes were analysed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase activity was measured as a biomarker of toxicity. The average duration of employment of workers in the factory was 97 months. Results indicated that chronic exposure (multiple5dose, greater than or equal to 6 months duration) to OP pesticides was associated with increased activities of catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes. The level of lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity did not show any significant differences between the two groups. The results also indicated that chronic exposure to OP pesticides was associated with increased DNA damage. It is concluded that human chronic exposure to OP pesticides may result in stimulated antioxidant enzymes and increased DNA damage in the absence of depressed acetylcholinesterase levels. Routine genotoxicity monitoring concomitant to acetylcholinesterase activity in workers occupationally exposed to OP insecticides is suggested.

scholarly journals Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman M. Ahmad ◽  
Maher Y. Abdalla ◽  
Tiffany A. Moore ◽  
Lisa Bartenhagen ◽  
Adam J. Case ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Studies have shown an increased risk for a variety of cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the mechanisms mediating these phenomena are not fully understood, ionizing radiation-mediated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and immune modulation are likely involved. A group of 20 radiation exposed workers and 40 sex- and age-matched non-exposed control subjects were recruited for the study. We measured superoxide (O2•−) levels in whole blood of healthcare workers and all other measurements of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) activity and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in plasma. Levels of O2•− were significantly higher in radiation exposed workers compared to control. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in radiation exposed workers compared to control was observed, while there was no significance difference in the other 27 screened cytokines. A significant positive correlation was found between MIP-1α and O2•− levels with no correlation in either IL-6 or IL-1α. Further, a dose-dependent relationship with significant O2•− production and immune alterations in radiation exposed workers was demonstrated. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of oxidative DNA damage, GSH/GSSG levels, or EcSOD activity. Although the biologic significance of cytokines alterations in radiation exposed workers is unclear, further studies are needed for determining the underlying mechanism of their elevation.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Short-Term Exposure to Lead on the Levels of Essential Metal Ions, Selected Proteins Related to Them, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Dobrakowski ◽  
Marta Boroń ◽  
Ewa Birkner ◽  
Aleksandra Kasperczyk ◽  
Ewa Chwalińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

The present study was designed to explore the possible influence of subacute exposure to lead on the levels of selected essential metals, selected proteins related to them, and oxidative stress parameters in occupationally exposed workers. The study population included 36 males occupationally exposed to lead for 36 to 44 days. Their blood lead level at the beginning of the study was 10.7 ± 7.67 μg/dl and increased to the level of 49.1 ± 14.1 μg/dl at the end of the study. The levels of calcium, magnesium, and zinc increased significantly after lead exposure compared to baseline by 3%, 3%, and 8%, respectively, while the level of copper decreased significantly by 7%. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not change due to lead exposure. However, the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) in serum increased significantly by 46%, while the level of erythrocyte lipofuscin (LPS) decreased by 13%. The serum levels of essential metals are modified by a short-term exposure to lead in occupationally exposed workers. A short-term exposure to lead induces oxidative stress associated with elevated levels of LPH but not MDA.

Biomarkers for oxidative stress in acute lung injury induced in rabbits submitted to different strategies of mechanical ventilation

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1184-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Fernando Ronchi ◽  
Jose Roberto Fioretto ◽  
Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira ◽  
Carolina Bragiola Berchieri-Ronchi ◽  
Camila Renata Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Oxidative damage has been said to play an important role in pulmonary injury, which is associated with the development and progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to identify biomarkers to determine the oxidative stress in an animal model of acute lung injury (ALI) using two different strategies of mechanical ventilation. Rabbits were ventilated using either conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Lung injury was induced by tracheal saline infusion (30 ml/kg, 38°C). In addition, five healthy rabbits were studied for oxidative stress. Isolated lymphocytes from peripheral blood and lung tissue samples were analyzed by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to determine DNA damage. Total antioxidant performance (TAP) assay was applied to measure overall antioxidant performance in plasma and lung tissue. HFOV rabbits had similar results to healthy animals, showing significantly higher antioxidant performance and lower DNA damage compared with CMV in lung tissue and plasma. Total antioxidant performance showed a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.58; P = 0.0006) in plasma and lung tissue. In addition, comet assay presented a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.66; P = 0.007) between cells recovered from target tissue and peripheral blood. Moreover, antioxidant performance was significantly and negatively correlated with DNA damage ( r = −0.50; P = 0.002) in lung tissue. This study indicates that both TAP and comet assay identify increased oxidative stress in CMV rabbits compared with HFOV. Antioxidant performance analyzed by TAP and oxidative DNA damage by comet assay, both in plasma, reflects oxidative stress in the target tissue, which warrants further studies in humans.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Function and Oxidative Stress State in Foundry Workers Exposed to Lead

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 200903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosri A. Fahim ◽  
Nevin E. Sharaf ◽  
Ibrahim W. Hasani ◽  
Eman A. Ragab ◽  
Heba K. Abdelhakim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Foundry Workers

Background. Exposure to lead (Pb) has been associated with endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, renal and neurological problems in humans. However, effects on the thyroid gland are controversial. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess thyroid function in foundry workers occupationally exposed to Pb and the mechanism of oxidative-antioxidant imbalance. Methods. Thyroid function parameters and markers of oxidative stress were examined in 59 adult males who had been occupationally exposed to Pb. The results were then compared to those of 28 male subjects who had no history of Pb exposure or thyroid abnormalities and served as a control group. Results. Mean blood lead levels (16.5±1.74 μg/dl) were significantly higher among the exposed workers compared to those of the control group (12.8±1.16 μg/dl, (p <0.001)). The exposed group had significantly increased free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and significantly decreased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (1.77±0.44 μIU/ml), whereas the control group had a TSH level of 2.61±0.94 μIU/ml (p< 0.0001). A state of oxidative stress was indicated by the significant increase in mean levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.358, p <0.05) between blood lead levels (BLL) and duration of employment, while BLL showed a significant negative correlation with TSH (r =−0.486, p <0.001), and GSH (r =−0.336, p <0.05). Of the occupationally exposed workers, 32.76% had elevated thyroid hormones. The results showed a significant positive relationship between GSH and TSH (β coefficient=0.274, p < 0.05), MDA with FT3 (β coefficient=0.355, p < 0.05) and FT4 (β coefficient = 0.491, p < 0.0001) among exposed workers. Conclusions. Workers exposed to Pb dust proved to be at risk for hyperthyroidism, which was found to have a significant role in oxidative–antioxidant imbalance present among workers with increasing duration of exposure. Participant Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the National Research Centre in Egypt (NRC) under the registration number 15225. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Long non-coding RNA ENST00000414355 as a biomarker of cadmium exposure regulates DNA damage and apoptosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110481
Author(s):  
Asmaa Mohammad Moawad ◽  
Fatma Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Dina Sabry Abdelfattah ◽  
Hoda Ahmed Mohamed Basyoni
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Exposed Workers

Human exposure to cadmium (Cd) may induce severe effects in different organs. Recent studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Cd-related diseases. This study evaluated the use of lncRNA (ENST00000414355) as an expression signature of Cd exposure and assessed its ability to modulate DNA damage and apoptosis by measuring the expression of ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in Cd-exposed workers. A total of 139 (74 non-smokers and 65 smokers) participants from a Cd battery manufacturer were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected to determine the blood Cd level and detect blood ENST00000414355 and its target gene (ATM) using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential was used to assess the Cd effect on mitochondrial permeability. Our results indicated a significant positive correlation between blood Cd level and lncRNA-ENST00000414355 and ATM expression and a significant negative correlation between blood Cd level and ΔΨm ( p < 0.0001). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between the expression of lncRNA-ENST00000414355 and ATM expression and ΔΨm ( p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was found in the blood Cd level, lncRNA-ENST00000414355 expression, ATM expression, and ΔΨm ( p < 0.0001) between smokers and non-smokers. This study confirmed the upregulation of the lncRNA-ENST00000414355 expression, DNA damage-checkpoint-related gene (ATM), and decreased ΔΨm in Cd-exposed workers. Thus, lncRNA-ENST00000414355 may serve as a valuable biomarker for the exposure and toxicity of Cd.

The biochemical effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in the blood of glazers in tile industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hormozi ◽  
Ramazan Mirzaei ◽  
Alireza Nakhaee ◽  
Shahrokh Izadi ◽  
Javid Dehghan Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on markers of oxidative stress in glazers in tile industries. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the blood of 80 subjects, including 40 glazers and 40 nonexposed subjects. Mean levels of blood Cd (8.90 ± 2.80 µg/L) and blood Pb (62.90 ± 38.10 µg/L) of glazers showed a significant increase compared with the control group. In the serum of glazers, the level of MDA was significantly higher and the level of TAC was significantly lower than the control group. We have noted a disturbance in the levels of antioxidants by a significant increase in the CAT activity and a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and GPx in the serum of glazers compared with the controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum MDA level and CAT activity were positively associated with the blood levels of Pb and Cd. Also, GPx and SOD were negatively correlated with blood Cd levels. The study clearly indicated that co-exposure to Cd and Pb can induce oxidative stress in glazers, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant enzymes.

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