Investigations on thermo-mechanical properties of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites for packaging application

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112096064
Author(s):  
YN Sudhakar ◽  
M Selvakumar ◽  
D Krishna Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Organo Clay ◽  
The Impact

Eco-friendly packing polymer materials are in the spotlight but, lack of new biodegradable polymers either natural or synthetic is yet to establish the market more competitively. So, in the present work, clay as a nano-filler is embedded and organically modified in some synthetic and natural polymers which are well established commercially to enhance their biodegradability. The impact of clay on the properties of synthetic polymers namely, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and natural polymer cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was studied. Results from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites (PCC) than pure polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed a uniform surface with small-sized crystallites distributed on the polymer surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed the formation of enhanced intercalated structures in PCC. Furthermore, FTIR studies showed that the interlayer bonding (Si–O bands) of pure clay is deformed in PCCs. The tensile strength of PCC increased with an increase in organo-clay loading. This unique mechanical behavior is due to the agglomeration of organo-clay particles. Finally, the biodegradation studies revealed enhanced hydrolytic degradation in PCC than pure polymers. Hence, these PCCs are environmentally friendlier than their pure synthetic polymers without significant compromise in their properties, which makes it suitable for packaging industries.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Phosphogypsum Research from 1990 to 2020 Based on Literatures and Patents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunmeng Cao ◽  
Yue Cui ◽  
Xiaokun Yu ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
I-shin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Architectural Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The demand together with the urgency of phosphogypsum (PG) treatment, will pose big challenges for many countries. This research aims to explore the research progress of PG, including basic status, cooperation situation, research fields and development trends, based on Web of Science database through bibliometric analysis of publications (articles and patents) from 1990 to 2020. The results show that the academic research of PG originated earlier, but the number of patents grew faster. China has an absolute advantage in the numbers and plays a significant role in international cooperation. The knowledge structure of PG is mainly concentrated in the fields of natural radioactivity, cement paste backfilling, soil, crystal morphology, and synthetic gas. Academic hotspots focus on the microstructure of chemical processes and various environmental impacts, and the patents hot technologies is the production of refractory materials, ceramics, surface materials, cement mortar and composite materials. The academic frontiers of PG will be the methods of recovering rare earth elements from PG, the conditions of ion solidification/stabilization in PG, the impact of reaction conditions on product quality, and the reaction mechanism at the micro-level. The frontiers of patents will focus on the improvement of manufacturing equipment, new wall materials and chemical modified polymer materials. In terms of the number of articles and patents in the future, architectural research has the maximum space for improvement. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of PG and provides information on the technological development prospects and opportunities, which is helpful for researchers engaged in PG management.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on The Utilization Of Seaweed and Green Grass Jelly Leaves as Candidate Alternatives for EOR Polymer

Teknik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Miftah Huljannah ◽  
Fitra Ayu Lestari ◽  
Tomi Erfando
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rate Test ◽  
Preliminary Study

The declining in production can occur because wells that have been producing for a long time are no longer able to lift oil to the surface in primary and secondary ways. Therefore, tertiary methods such as chemical injection like polymer flooding were carried out. Polymers commonly used in flooding polymers are divided into three namely synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and natural polymers. Natural polymers have abundant sources such as seaweed and grass jelly. This study was aimed to identify alternative renewable polymers as flooding polymer materials by knowing initial characteristics such as viscosity, compatibility and the effect of shear rates. This test wass carried out by an experimental method with several stages, namely drying, crushing to powder, and making polymers that were dissolved into brines that have different salinity. Then the polymer was allowed to stand for more than 24 hours until it was tested. The material tested was seaweed, grass jelly, and biopolymer xanthan gum as a comparison. The parameters used are polymer concentrations of 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm with each salinity of 3000 ppm, 9000 ppm and 15000 ppm. The test results showed that the characteristics of natural polymers were the same as biopolymers, the viscosity decreased as the brines salinity increased .The absence of sedimentation resulted from Seaweed and grass jelly  solution and formation water indicated that the polymers had good compatibility and  shear rate test has shown that the polymers are psuodoplastic.

The Impact of Surfactants on Separation of Mixed Polymer Wastes in Electrostatic Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
A.M. Gonopolsky ◽  
E.A. Poluosmak
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Field ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Maximum Charge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Polymer Wastes

A quantitative analysis is carried out of such factors as electrostatic intensity, surface area of particles, dielectric permittivity, size polymer particles, and the type and concentration of surfactants, by the amount of electric charge of the polymer surface, obtained in the electrostatic field after their pre-treatment of surfactants. Dependencies of the maximum charge of polymer waste particles from the basic technological parameters of the drum electrostatic separator and physical-chemical properties of polymers and surfactants are shown. It has been found that degradation of polymeric waste in a surfactants aqueous solutions is an effective preliminary step of technology of electrostatic separation of a mixture of crushed polymer wastes that positive effect on their charging in an electrostatic field. The obtained data allows to develop the technological process precision selective separation of mixed polymer materials in an electrostatic field.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly polymer materials for agricultural purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 00130
Author(s):  
Mariya Podzorova ◽  
Yulia Tertyshnaya ◽  
Anatoly Popov
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Absorption Kinetics ◽  
Polyethylene Blends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Changes ◽  
Soil And Water

The paper deals with various polymer materials for agricultural purposes. To date, there are many technologies for growing crops that use polymer films: greenhouses, greenhouses, planting seeds in capsules. There are a lot of works on the study of biodegradable compositions based on biopolymers with synthetic polymers, as well as the analysis of the impact of destructive environmental factors on samples. Binary polylactide–low-density polyethylene blends of various compositions were prepared, and their biodegradability in soil and water absorption kinetics. The degree of water absorption is higher for the blends than for the pure polymers. The weight loss is higher upon incubation in laboratory soil compared to open soil. Changes in the specimen macrostructure after exposure to soil were demonstrated by optical microscopy.

Micropatterning Polymer Materials to Improve Endothelialization

2011 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Claude Boivin ◽  
P. Chevallier ◽  
Stéphane Turgeon ◽  
Jean Lagueux ◽  
Gaetan Laroche
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Endothelial Layer ◽  
Arterial Prostheses

Several studies have shown that 65 % of expanded poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) vascular prostheses had to be explanted within 10 years of implantation in humans. The reasons for these explantations relied on thrombosis formation and poor hemocompatibility of synthetic polymers. It has been shown that surface modification of ePTFE arterial prostheses could enable their endothelialization therefore improving their biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Indeed, endothelial cells naturally cover the biological blood vessel wall and consequently, an endothelial layer constitutes the best achievable hemocompatible surface. In this context, our strategy consisted in micropatterning cell adhesion (RGD) and proliferation (WQPPRARI) peptides on the surface of plasma-functionalized PTFE, therefore enabling covalent conjugation of the peptides. Basically, the technology consisted in spraying a solution of the adhesion peptide, therefore leading to 10 µm-diameter RGD spots semi-randomly distributed over the sample and covering 20 % of the whole polymer surface. In a second step, proliferation peptide was applied to the remaining surface by soaking, therefore covering the unreacted surface. The 20 % coverage was obtained by using an x-y table, programmed to move from side to side of the surface on x value, with an increment on y value that has been calibrated.

Natural Polymers in Fast Dissolving Tablets

2021 ◽  
pp. 2859-2866
Author(s):  
Ratnaparkhi M.P. ◽  
Karnawat G.R. ◽  
Andhale R.S.
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drug

Oral route is most preferable route of administration for various drugs, because it is convenient, economical, safest route. Fast dissolving tablets are popular nowadays, as they disintegrated in mouth within a few seconds without using water for swallow. Problems like Dysphagia in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overcome by formulating Fast dissolving tablet. Natural polymers are preferable because they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, and available easily than synthetic polymers. Natural polymers are obtained from the natural origin so they are devoid of any side effect. It is proved from the previous studies that Natural polymers are more-safe and effective than the synthetic polymers. Natural polymers improve the properties of tablet and they are used as binder, diluent, superdisintegrant, they also enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug, decrease the disintegration time and provide nutritional supplement. The aim of the present article is to study various natural polymers used in fast dissolving tablets.

Natural nanoclays: applications and future trends – a Chilean perspective

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calabi Floody ◽  
B. K. G. Theng ◽  
P. Reyes ◽  
M. L. Mora
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Water And Wastewater

AbstractBecause of their large potential for agricultural, industrial and medicinal applications, nanomaterials have been the focus of much research during the past few decades. Nanoclays are natural nanomaterials that occur in the clay fraction of soil, among which montmorillonite and allophane are the most important species. Montmorillonite is a crystalline hydrous phyllosilicate (layer silicate). Organically-modified montmorillonites or ‘organoclays’, formed by intercalation of quaternary ammonium cations, have long been used as rheological modifiers and additives in paints, inks, greases and cosmetics and as carriers and delivery systems for the controlled release of drugs. Perhaps the largest single usage of organoclays over recent years has been in the manufacture of polymer-clay nanocomposites. These organic–inorganic hybrid materials show superior mechanical, thermal and gas-barrier properties. Organoclays are also useful in pollution control and water treatment. Allophane is a non-crystalline aluminosilicate derived from the weathering of volcanic ash. A large proportion of the agricultural land in Chile is covered by volcanic soils,the clay fraction of which is dominated by allophane. Consisting of nanosize (3.5–5.0 nm) hollow spherules, allophane is a suitable support material for enzyme immobilization. Allophane is also effective at adsorbing phenolic compounds and colour from kraft mill effluents and phosphate from water and wastewater.

The Impact Evaluation of Factors on the Adhesion of Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene Films in a Glow Discharge Non-Thermal Plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 658-662
Author(s):  
M.A. Mokeev ◽  
L.A. Urkhanova ◽  
A.N. Khagleev ◽  
Denis B. Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical, chemical and plasma treatment are the main kind of treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films. Each method is different from each other by the adhesive force: the value of the wetting angle. Mechanical treatment allows different particles to permeate into the structure of the polymer. Chemical treatment creates new functional groups on the polymer surface, but this method is toxic and dangerous. Plasma treatment, in a glow discharge non-thermal plasma, is a more ecological and practical method. The experiment showed that the plasma treatment successfully increases the adhesion, this has been proven by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. According to the obtained data of the wetting angle, the regression equation was derived. A graphical model is constructed by regression equations allows you to determine the main processing factor and choose the optimal values of treatment.

Preparation and Characterization of Ionic Liquild Modified Clay and its Application in Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1588-1592
Author(s):  
Li Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Poly Propylene

Clay was organically modified with one kind of ionic liquild. Organical clay obtained was used to prepare poly(propylene) (PP)/clay nanocomposites by solution blending. Flourier transform infrared (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the ionic liquild was loaded in the galleries of organically modified clay. TGA result show the thermal stability of organically modified clay was superior to clay. XRD patterns indicated that the d-spacing of clay layers increased to 2.96 nm from 1.22 nm of clay. XRD patterns of PP/clay nanocomposites show that clay layers were dispersed in PP matrix by nanometer size.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of MMT Clay Modified with Two Different Cationic Surfactants on the Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshal Al-Samhan ◽  
Jacob Samuel ◽  
Fatema Al-Attar ◽  
Gils Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Mmt Clay ◽  
Surface Modified

Polypropylene montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using two different organoclays modified with imidazolium and alkylammonium surfactants. The imidazolium and ammonium modified organoclays were characterized by the FTIR and SEM analysis. The effect of organic clay (MMT) on the physical properties of polypropylene was evaluated, thermal and rheological properties with different filler weight percentage. Differential scanning calorimetric results showed that imidazolium modified clay (IMMT) exhibits low melting temperature compared to the ammonium modified clay (AMMT). The crystallinity analysis showed that crystallization improved in all nanocomposites irrespective of surface modification; the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the imidazolium modified polymer composites are more thermally stable than conventional ammonium modified composites. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses indicated that the PP-IMMT composites displayed exfoliated morphologies compared with the intercalated structure in PP-AMMT, and the rheological analysis at 180°C showed an enhancement in the viscoelastic properties as the clay concentration increases. The melt viscosity, crossover modulus, and relaxation times were comparable for both the surface modified composites with two different cations. The imidazolium based surfactant was found to be an effective organic modification for MMT to prepare thermally stable PP/MMT nanocomposites.

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