Smoking, Adolescents and Health: Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme-Heart Health Promotion from Childhood

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kelishadi ◽  
G. Sadry ◽  
N.S. Zadegan ◽  
M. Hashemipour ◽  
B. Sabet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

To evaluate the effect of some environmental factors on smoking, and to assess some health hazards of smoking in adolescents, this cross-sectional study was performed among 1950 students, ages11-18, selected by multi-stage random sampling from three cities in Iran. According to self-administered questionnaires, 12.9% of boys and 4% of girls reported to be smoker (OR=3.34, 95%CI: 2.33, 4.77, p<0.001). The mean values of total-and LDL-cholesterol were higher in smokers and their HDL-C was lower than non-smokers (163.33± 33.83, 90.73± 31 and 46.7± 12.24 vs.156± 29.53, 85±26.5 and 49.4±13.7 mg/dl, respectively, p<0.05). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in smokers than non-smokers (110.7± 14.5, 67.6± 11.55 vs. 104.9± 14.3, 63.2± 10.8 mmHg, respectively, p<0.05). The smokers had higher BMI than non-smokers (20.34 ±3.84 vs.19.55 ± 3.66, p<0.05). The mean food consumption frequency was lower for fruits and vegetables and higher for fat/salty snacks and fast foods in smokers than non-smokers. Logistic regression analysis showed significant association between sex, age, the number of family members and number of smokers in the family and smoking in students. The findings of this study have implications for future tobacco prevention strategies through community-based interventions. Asia Pac JPublic Health 2004; 16(1): 15-22.

Gender comparisons of adolescents’ anthropometry and blood pressure in Osun State, South-Western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Omisore ◽  
Akinlolu G. Omisore ◽  
Emmanuel Akintunde Abioye-Kuteyi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Adolescents are in their formative years, and they experience several changes including anthropometric changes. Significant weight gain occurs in adolescence, and increasingly, obesity and consequent increase in blood pressure (BP) are found in adolescents. Objective: This study compared anthropometric and BP measurements in male and female adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1000 adolescents (510 males and 490 females) were selected by multi-stage sampling from eight secondary schools. Pertinent information was collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version, and the means of anthropometric indices and blood pressures in males and females were compared using independent t-test. Results: The mean age for male respondents was 13.83 years (SD 2.12) and for females 13.62 (SD 1.96). Generally, anthropometric indices gradually increased from the lower ages to the higher ages in both males and females. The mean height was the same for both males and females (1.54 m), while the mean weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were significantly higher in females than in males (p<0.05). A significantly higher proportion of females compared with males were overweight (10.2%, 5.3%) and obese (3.9%, 2.0%), respectively. The overall prevalence of “hypertension,” was 4.1% and more females (70.7%) had “hypertension” than males (29.3%). Conclusion: Females were heavier and constituted the greater proportion of those who had elevated BP. Adequate attention needs to be given to the challenging problems of overweight and obesity to forestall development of hypertension in adolescents, especially female adolescents.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

A study of growth changes in the mandible from deciduous to permanent dentition

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Huey Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Ramus Height

This cross-sectional study investigated mandibular developmental changes in untreated normal Taiwanese from the deciduous to permanent dentition. Differences in the mean values for ramus height and body length between males and females were statistically significant after eruption of the permanent second molars. SNB angles significantly increased and gonial and L1-MP angles significantly decreased from deciduous to permanent dentition in both sexes. The SN-MP angle in females significantly decreased and ramus inclination in males significantly increased from the early mixed to permanent dentition.

scholarly journals Assessment of operative times of multiple surgical specialties in a public university hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altair da Silva Costa Jr
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public University ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Operating Room Planning ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the indicators duration of anesthesia, operative time and time patients stay in the operating rooms of different surgical specialties at a public university hospital. Methods It was done by a descriptive cross-sectional study based on the operating room database. The following stages were measured: duration of anesthesia, procedure time and patient length of stay in the room of the various specialties. We included surgeries carried out in sequence in the same room, between 7:00 a.m. and 5 p.m., either elective or emergency. We calculated the 80th percentile of the stages, where 80% of procedures were below this value. Results The study measured 8,337 operations of 12 surgical specialties performed within one year. The overall mean duration of anesthesia of all specialties was 178.12±110.46 minutes, and the 80th percentile was 252 minutes. The mean operative time was 130.45±97.23 minutes, and the 80th percentile was 195 minutes. The mean total time of the patient in the operating room was 197.30±113.71 minutes, and the 80th percentile was 285 minutes. Thus, the variation of the overall mean compared to the 80th percentile was 41% for anesthesia, 49% for surgeries and 44% for operating room time. In average, anesthesia took up 88% of the operating room period, and surgery, 61%. Conclusion This study identified patterns in the duration of surgery stages. The mean values of the specialties can assist with operating room planning and reduce delays.

Menstrual disorders and medical counseling among schoolgirls in South Egypt: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Arafa ◽  
Shaimaa Senosy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Hair ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Medical Counseling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Abstract Background Menstrual disorders are common gynecological problems among adolescents, however, medical counseling for these disorders is not well documented in developing countries. Objectives This study aimed to assess medical counseling for menstrual disorders among schoolgirls in Beni-Suef city in South Egypt. Methods Using a multi-stage random sampling, a total of 970 preparatory schoolgirls were included in this study. We used a self-administered questionnaire to detect the premenstrual and menstrual disorders as reported by the schoolgirls during the previous 6 months. Medical counseling for the menstrual disorders and other demographic characteristics were also surveyed. Results The mean age of the schoolgirls was 15.4 ± 0.8 years, age of menarche 13.2 ± 1.1 years and menstrual flow days 5.0 ± 1.3. During the past 6 months, 19.4% of the schoolgirls reported medical counseling for at least one menstrual symptom. Dysmenorrhea (89.2%), premenstrual fatigue (32.4%) and headache (31.1%) were the most often reported symptoms. After adjustment for personal and gynecological characters, abdominal bloating [odds ratio (OR) 3.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.18–6.17], flow days >4 (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.21–2.47), acne flare (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.01–1.99), dysuria (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.35–3.22) and facial hair (OR 6.89; 95% CI 3.47–13.69) were associated significantly with a higher likelihood of medical counseling. Conclusion Menstrual disorders are highly prevalent among preparatory schoolgirls in Beni-Suef, however, there is a noticeable lack of the medical counseling for these disorders. Future research should focus on the barriers to medical counseling for menstrual disorders among adolescents.

scholarly journals New Growth Curves for Spanish Children (0–10 Years) in the Region of Extremadura

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8953
Author(s):  
Luis Pardo-Galán ◽  
Raquel Pastor-Cisneros ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
José Adsuar ◽  
Miguel García-Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

The anthropometric reference data used to examine the growth pattern of children in Spain are obtained from studies carried out several years ago. In the region of Extremadura, the tables obtained by the Faustino Obergozo Foundation, which date back to 2004, are used. The first objective of this work is to develop growth tables and graphs that accurately reflect the somatometric variables of children in Extremadura. Secondly, the averages of these variables by sex will be compared to determine if there are significant differences between them. A database provided by the General Directorate of Planning, Training, and Health and Social Quality of the Regional Government of Extremadura was used, which contains the measurements of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of boys and girls in Extremadura between the years 2006–2016. The database was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and the R software version 3.5.1, considering a cross-sectional study. As a result, the tables and growth graphs of Extremadura’s population base for weight and height are presented, from birth to 10 years, as well as comparisons of the average values of the analyzed variables between boys and girls. We found that there are significant differences in the mean values, according to sex, of the height and weight. On the other hand, BMI progressed normally when comparing the results of the Extremadura population with those reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO). Differences were found when comparing the results with those obtained by the Faustino Orbegozo Foundation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Results of Arthroscopic Release in Limits of Movement in Knees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Sobhan ◽  
Seyed Hossein Saeed Banadaky ◽  
Mohammad Shafiee ◽  
Mohammad Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Knee Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Arthroscopic Release ◽  
Lysholm Knee Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Limits of movement in knees is one of the most common complications following trauma and surgery. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment choices, knee replacement and performance improvement are expected in many patients. However, limits of movement in knees is unpleasant and should be corrected as soon as possible. In this study, we decided to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in motion limits of knees. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.14 patients who referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from 2014 to 2016 and diagnosed with knee limitation (flexion or extension restriction of more than 10 degrees) were selected. Patients were undergone arthroscopic release and followed-up for 6 months. Lysholm knee score, degrees of flexion and extension, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 and statistical tests Paired T-test as well as Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.92±10.99 years. The most common type of trauma in the patients was femoral distal fracture (46.7%). The frequency of the patients' satisfaction with arthroscopy was as followed: 50% (7 patients), had moderate satisfaction, 28.6% (4 ones), high satisfaction, and 21.4% (3 ones) had low satisfaction.The mean difference in Lysholm Knee Score, improvement in degree of extension, improvement in degree of flexion and pain score before and after arthroscopy were 26.21±14.11,64.78±26.13,3.57±2.92 and 4.13±1.65,respectively.There was a significant difference between the mean values of these factors before and after arthroscopy. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, we can conclude that arthroscopic release is an effective and low-complication method in motion limits of knees.

scholarly journals Normal value of pulsatility index of umbilical artery in second and third trimester of pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ferdous ◽  
MM Sharif ◽  
AS Mohiuddin ◽  
F Shegufta
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance

This cross sectional study was carried out on 60 pregnant Bangladeshi women in the department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM for measurement of Pulsatility Index (PI) of umbilical artery of their fetuses by duplex colour Doppler sonography during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancies. Considering total 2nd and 3rd trimesters the mean PI value of umbilical artery was 1.24 (SD±0.27). While considering the gestational in separate trimesters, study showed that the value of PI in 2nd trimester was 1.33 (SD±0.29) and in 3rd trimester PI was 1.18 (SD±0.25). Paired t test shows there was a highly significant (t=35.79, df=59, Level of significance=0.001) difference between mean values of PI in different gestational ages. It was observed that there was gradual decrease of PI value with increase of gestational age (r= -0.207) but this decrease of PI was not statistically significant (p=0.113). Regression analysis between dependent PI value and independent gestational age showed linear negative relationship but this was not statistically significant (p=0.11). This study revealed that the Pulsatility index of umbilical artery was decreased with increase of gestational age from 2nd to 3rd trimester. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i1.15809 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 42-44

Geographical and Socioeconomic Distribution of Overweight and Morbidity in a Rural Swedish County

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo J. A. Haglund
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

This report on overweight is based on a cross-sectional study in Skaraborg County, Sweden, in 1977. Mean values of Body Mass Index (BMI) are higher in this county than in other areas studied in Sweden and abroad. In correlation analysis the strongest association was found between overweight and hypertension. This is of particular interest since other studies have shown that Skaraborg county, has one of Sweden's highest proportions of treated hypertensives and also higher mortality during the 1970s in hypertension and obesity related diseases. The BMI varied between the municipalities of the county. Overweight was most common in the agricultural municipalities. The mean value of the BMI was higher among workers and persons with less formal education. This is contradictory to earlier Swedish studies with regard to men but not women. Physically demanding jobs accounted for more overweight individuals whereas high physical activity during leisure time was correlated with low body weight.

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