scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Knowledge and Perceptions about Pharmacovigilance Activities among Pharmacy Students in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Osemene Kanayo Patrick ◽  
Afolabi Margaret Olubunmi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Studies on pharmacovigilance (PV) activities in Nigeria focused on perceptions of PV among professional healthcare workers are described here. There is paucity of information on pharmacy students’ knowledge about PV activities. Hence, this study, evaluated the knowledge and perceptions of final year pharmacy students about PV activities using descriptive and inferential statistics. A cross sectional study was undertaken in three Nigerian universities with a pretested questionnaire during the period of January and February, 2016. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions on demographic variables and questions designed to achieve the objectives of the study. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and presented in percentages, means, standard deviations and median at 50% percentile. The mean knowledge score of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reporting for the final year students was 4.25±0.18. There were significant differences in the mean scores of knowledge domain by age groups 21-24 years 4.8±0.70, 25-30 years 6.2 ± 0.84 and >30 years 4.6±0.72 at p=0.001; gender: male 4.1±1.20 and female 4.4±0.98 at (p=0.0001) as well as the current universities attended as follows University 1 with a scrore of 5.1±1.03, University 2 had a mean score of 6.3±0.99 at p=0.0120 and University 3 with a mean score of 4.3±1.01 at p=0.012. Furthermore, significant difference exist in the mean values of pharmacovigilance knowledge between those who had taking some courses in pharmacovigilance (7.3± 0.22) and those who did not (4.7 ± 0.13) at p=0.0001. Generally, the students had inadequate knowledge of PV activities. Therefore, emphasis on relevant PV courses in their curriculum is necessary.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 1-13, 2017

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices and Biochemical Markers in Iranian Prediabetics in Hoveyzeh Located in Southwest Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Meripour ◽  
Hashem Mohamadian ◽  
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: The number of prediabetic individuals is rising rapidly in Iran and other parts of the world. This complication seriously affects life quality and public health. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices and biochemical measures among the prediabetic population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on prediabetic subjects in the Hoveyzeh population, Iran, during 2018 - 2019. A sample of 240 prediabetic individuals within the age range of 30-75 years enrolled in this study. The demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and participants’ clinical parameters were checked out in this study. Moreover, this study investigated important demographic variables associated with anthropometric and clinical parameters. Results: The results showed that the mean values of fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were 113.13 ± 6.8, 193.64 ± 115.44, and 193.64 ± 40.67 mg/dl, respectively. The mean values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 114.75 ± 15.25 and 73.25 ± 8.81 mmHg, respectively. The results showed no statistically significant difference between clinical and demographic variables except between DBP and marital status (P < 0.05). The prevalence of prediabetes in Hoveyzeh was closely associated with some demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables. This study documented significant associations between height, hip circumference, and body mass index with both genders (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical relationship between other demographic and anthropometric variables (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings, abdominal obesity indicators may be related to prediabetes. Therefore, preventive strategies and suitable educational programs should be based on influential factors.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

scholarly journals Superior versus Inferior Conjunctival Limbal Autograft with Sutures in the Management of Primary Pterygium in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dakshina Kannada - A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
Madhuri Upadhyaya ◽  
Sheetal Savur
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pterygium Excision ◽  
Primary Pterygium

BACKGROUND Pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft (CAU) is one of the most frequently used modalities in the treatment of pterygium. The graft has traditionally been harvested from the superior bulbar conjunctiva, but this may not be possible in all patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the intraoperative difficulties and early postoperative outcomes between superior and inferior CAU in the management of primary pterygium. METHODS This hospital based cross sectional study evaluated 58 eyes of 50 patients with primary pterygium who underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft secured with the help of sutures over a period of 2 years from March 2018 to March 2020. In 28 eyes, the superior bulbar conjunctiva was used for grafting whereas in 30 eyes, the inferior conjunctiva was used for the same. The outcome measured was in terms of the mean surgical time, clinical symptoms and signs in the early postoperative period and recurrence rate. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 44.14 ± 12.71 years in the superior CAU group and 45.76 ± 14.51 years in the inferior CAU group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean surgical time (68.39 ± 31.51 in superior group, 2.60 ± 0.79 in inferior group; P value 0.712). The duration of follow-up after surgery was significantly more (P = 0.048) in the inferior CAU group (42.60 ± 11.71 days) as compared to the superior CAU group (37.39 ± 7.52 days). Postoperative symptoms were comparable, and no recurrence was observed in either of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival limbal autograft is safe and effective in the management of primary pterygia and may be considered as an alternative to superior graft in cases where harvesting the superior conjunctiva is not possible or not advisable. KEYWORDS Primary Pterygium, Conjunctival Limbal Autograft, Inferior Graft

A study of growth changes in the mandible from deciduous to permanent dentition

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Huey Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Ramus Height

This cross-sectional study investigated mandibular developmental changes in untreated normal Taiwanese from the deciduous to permanent dentition. Differences in the mean values for ramus height and body length between males and females were statistically significant after eruption of the permanent second molars. SNB angles significantly increased and gonial and L1-MP angles significantly decreased from deciduous to permanent dentition in both sexes. The SN-MP angle in females significantly decreased and ramus inclination in males significantly increased from the early mixed to permanent dentition.

scholarly journals An Overview of Fingerprint Patterns among Students of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
N Hirachan ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
S Koju ◽  
D Limbu
Keyword(s):  
Research Finding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loop Pattern

Introduction: Fingerprint system of positive identification is based on the principle that the arrangement and distribution of fingerprint re­mains constant and persists throughout life and that the patterns of no two hands resemble each other. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 250 students (125 male and 125 female students), aged 17 - 40 years of age, of Gan­daki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from 15 March to 13 April, 2017 A.D. The fingertip patterns of both hands were collected and identified with the aid of a magnifying glass and documented as: Loops, Whorls, Arches and Composite type. The data were enrolled in SPSS version 16 and analyzed accordingly. Results: There was a preponderance of loop pattern (52.6%) followed by whorls (39.4%), arches (7.3%) and composite (0.6%). Whorls (41.7%) were more common in males compared to females (37.1%) and females had more arches (9.6%) compared to that of the male counter­parts (5.04%). There was no significant difference in fingerprint pat­terns among male and female students. Conclusion: The predominance of loops amongst other fingerprint patterns along with no significant gender differences in fingerprint pat­terns can be considered as a valuable research finding in the field of forensic science.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Knowledge among General Dentists and Non-orthodontic Specialists

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Asal Acharya ◽  
Praveen Mishra ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Pooja Shah
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Dentists

Introduction: General dentists and specialists other than orthodontist may encounter patient requiring orthodontic treatment. For proper counseling and referral, it is important that general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists have adequate level of orthodontic knowledge. Objective: To assess the knowledge of orthodontic treatment among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists and to compare the knowledge between the two groups. Materials & Method: A descriptive cross sectional study using questionnaire was performed among 185 actively practicing general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists of Nepal. The questionnaire comprised of three parts. The first part included demographic details, second part contained 5 multiple choice questions regarding orthodontic counseling and third part integrated 18 questions for evaluating knowledge of orthodontic treatment. Each correct answer was given score 1 and every incorrect answer was scored zero in the third part of the questionnaire. Result: Among total participants, 60.5% think first orthodontic evaluation of a child should be carried out within 7 to 8 years of age and 44.3% think orthodontic treatment can even be started after 40 years of age. Around 66% of the participants think that orthodontic treatment cannot be performed in periodontally compromised cases. No significant difference was found between the mean scores of knowledge among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists (p=0.891), or among dentists with different years of experience (p=0.644). Conclusion: There is a need for more education of orthodontic treatment concepts to the dentists who do not belong to orthodontic field for proper counseling and referral.

scholarly journals Comparing the Lifestyle of Veteran and Non-Veteran Families in Tehran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Alireza Afshani ◽  
Seyed Mostajad Hosseini-motlagh
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Descriptive Level

Introduction: Lifestyle of a community members  should be investiagted, especially in the devotees and their families. The present research aimed at measuring and comparing the lifestyle status of veteran and non-veteran families in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population included the veteran and non-veteran families in Tehran City and the sample size included 360 people. The research instruments were Lali, Abedi, and Kajbaf’s Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) (2012), and All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS, 2013). The data were analyzed by SPSS v.24. At the descriptive level, graphing was performed and at the inferential level, Pearson, t-test, Friedman, and analysis of variance tests were run. Results: A significant difference was observed between the mean scores of lifestyle in two groups of Veteran and Non-Veteran in Tehran. No significant difference was found between the lifestyle scores of men and women in the Non-Veteran group as well as between the mean scores of the single and married lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran group (P<0/05). However, a significant relationship was found between health literacy and lifestyle of the veteran and non-veteran participants (p<0/05). Conclusion: The results showed that lifestyle should be considerd as a set of observable behaviors and health literacy should be investiagted as predicting variables in promoting lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran groups.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of relationship between self-esteem and self-concept of students of medical sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Mehdi Amirkhani ◽  
Fatemeh Habibi ◽  
Azadeh Hakimi ◽  
Majid Najafi Kalyani ◽  
Javad Salami
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Identification of the role of factors such as self-esteem and self-efficacy and the investigation of their relationship among students can bring about improvement of educational planning and enhance the teaching outcome. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy among the students of medical sciences.Methods: The present study is an analytical-descriptive which was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 394 students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In order to collect the data two questionnaires were used namely, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and Rogers Self-concept Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22. The researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-test, chi-square one-way ANOVA, and correlation to analyze the data.Results: The mean and the standard deviation of self-esteem scores of female and male students were 38.23±6.80 and 37.51±6.67 respectively. The mean and the standard deviation of self-concept scores of female and male students were 9.49±3.53 and 9.43±4.14 respectively. The mean of self-concept scores of students of different majors had statistically significant difference with each other (0.011), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem scores among students with different majors (0.442).Conclusions: Considering the statistically significant difference in students’ self-concept scores in different majors, it is suggested that we take right approaches to the improvement and enhancement of individuals’ self-concept and the creation of positive feedback.

scholarly journals Korelasi Usia Metabolik terhadap Indeks Massa Tubuh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Sri Yuliani ◽  
Elsa Trinovita
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Metabolic Age ◽  
The Individual

Excessive fat accumulation in the body causes an increase in Body Mass Index (BMI). Increased BMI and comorbidities affect the metabolic rate. Metabolic age was influenced by the individual metabolic rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of metabolic age to BMI increasement. This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling method to obtain 82 male and female subjects. Subjects were measured for BMI and metabolic age. Collected data was analyzed univariately and bivariate correlatively. The result showed a significant correlation between metabolic age and BMI (p = 0,001) with r = 0,812. The conclusion of this study is the increase in BMI, the higher the metabolic age.

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