Correlates of College Students’ Physical Activity: Cross-Cultural Differences

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Chul Seo ◽  
Mohammad R. Torabi ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Xinia Fernandez-Rojas ◽  
Bock-Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

This study examined cross-cultural differences in personal and behavioral determinants of vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) among college students living in distinctly different cultures, that is, the United States, Costa Rica, India, and South Korea. Participants of this study were recruited from randomly chosen public universities in the 4 countries during the 2006-2007 academic year. A total of 4685 students participated in the study (response rate 90%). Vigorous-intensity PA was measured by asking on how many of the past 7 days the participants participated in PA for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat or breathe hard. For moderate-intensity PA, participants were asked on how many of the past 7 days they participated in PA for at least 30 minutes that did not make them sweat or breathe hard. Findings indicate that whereas perceived overweight and fruit and vegetable consumption are relatively culture-free predictors of PA, gender and TV/video watching are culture-specific predictors. Binge drinking was not predictive of meeting the vigorous-intensity and moderate-intensity PA guidelines in any of the 4 countries.

scholarly journals Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1993-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Gillespie-Lynch ◽  
Nidal Daou ◽  
Maria-Jose Sanchez-Ruiz ◽  
Steven K Kapp ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Knowledge Quality ◽  
Autistic People

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon ( n = 556) and those in the United States ( n = 520). Replicating prior work, stigma was lower in women than men and in the United States relative to Lebanon. Heightened autism knowledge, quality of contact with autistic people, openness to experience, and reduced acceptance of inequality predicted lower stigma. Collectivism was not associated with heightened stigma. Findings highlight the need to address structural inequalities, combat harmful misconceptions, and foster positive contact to combat stigma.

CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN DECISION-MAKING STYLES: A STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN FIVE COUNTRIES

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Soo Yi ◽  
Soonae Park
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Limited Support

The major goal of this study was to explore cultural differences in decision-making styles of college students from 5 countries: Korea, Japan, China, the United States, and Canada. On the basis of previous scholarly findings, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 837 college students in the 5 countries. Of these, 815 were included in the statistical analysis. 2 hypotheses were established that examine 5 decision-making styles: cooperative, collaborative, avoidant, competitive, and dominant. The results provide only limited support for the hypotheses. Further, some results ran counter to the expectations of cultural variability. The findings of the study imply that culture may not be a stagnant phenomenon, and more variables should be explored to accurately evaluate cultural differences in decision-making styles.

A Cross-Cultural Study on the Vocational Identity of American and Korean University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2348-2365
Author(s):  
Boyoung Kim ◽  
Gyuyoung Ha ◽  
Jiwon Kim ◽  
Joonyoung Yang ◽  
Suhyun Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vocational Identity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Status Assessment

The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-cultural differences in vocational identity between American and Korean university students using the Vocational Identity Status Assessment. A total of 881 university students in both the United States and South Korea were sampled in this study assessing vocational identity. We compared means of latent variables (six dimensions of Vocational Identity Status Assessment in the present study) using latent mean analysis. The results indicated that Korean students showed higher scores on Career Self-doubt and Career Flexibility, whereas American students showed higher scores on In-breadth Exploration, In-depth Exploration, Commitment Making, and Commitment Identification. These results indicated the components of vocational identity that should be considered while providing career guidance to college students from diverse backgrounds. Implications for understanding the cultural differences of college students’ vocational identity and the need for conducting cross-cultural comparison studies to provide insights about the vocational development of college students in cross-cultural settings are discussed.

Why Do Easterners Have Lower Well-Being Than Westerners? The Role of Others’ Approval Contingencies of Self-Worth in the Cross-Cultural Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hong Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsing Claire Chiu ◽  
Jen-Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Cross

Previous studies have shown that Easterners generally perceive themselves as having lower subjective well-being compared with Westerners, and several mechanisms causing such differences have been identified. However, few studies have analyzed the causes of such differences from the perspective of the cross-cultural differences in the meanings of important life events such as whether people receive approval from others. Specifically, events regarding others’ approval might have different meanings to and influences on Easterners and Westerners. Thus, the degree of fluctuation of people’s views of self-worth in response to these events (i.e., others’ approval contingencies of self-worth [CSW]) probably differs between Easterners and Westerners. This may be a reason for cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. We investigated two samples of undergraduate students from Taiwan and the United States to examine the mediating role of others’ approval CSW in forming cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. The results revealed that Taiwanese participants exhibited lower subjective well-being and higher others’ approval CSW than American participants. In addition, others’ approval CSW partially mediated the cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. Thus, one reason for lower subjective well-being among Easterners was likely that their self-esteem was more prone to larger fluctuations depending on whether they receive approval from others in everyday life.

scholarly journals Strong Brand From Consumers’ Perspective: A Cross-Cultural Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Li ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Chi-Yue Chiu ◽  
Siqing Peng
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Brand Strength ◽  
Strength Evaluation ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Using Data

The present research investigates cross-cultural differences in the characteristics associated with brand strength evaluation and the mechanism underlying these cultural differences. Using data from the United States and China, we found that American consumers judge brands with personal characteristics to be stronger than those with relational characteristics, while Chinese consumers show a reversed pattern. Furthermore, cultural differences in brand strength evaluation were salient only when consumers rated brands that were connected with their self-concepts, suggesting that cultural differences in brand strength evaluation ensue from consumers’ internalized preferences. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications for branding management and understanding the mechanism through which culture influences individual behaviors.

How Contemporary Publics Understand and Experience Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOH CHULL SHIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
The West ◽  
China And India ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The People ◽  
Culturally Different

AbstractHow do contemporary publics understand happiness? What makes them experience it? Do conceptions and sources of their happiness vary across culturally different societies? This paper addresses these questions, utilizing the 2008 round of the AsiaBarometer surveys conducted in six countries scattered over four different continents. Analyses of these surveys, conducted in Japan, China, and India from the East; and the United States, Russia, and Australia from the West, reveal a number of interesting cross-cultural differences and similarities in the way the people of the East and West understand and experience happiness. Specifically, the former are much less multidimensional than the latter in their conceptions of happiness. Yet, they are alike in that their sense of relative achievement or deprivation is the most pervasive and powerful influence on happiness.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Differences in Caregiving: Investigating the Role of Familism and Social Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 322-322
Author(s):  
Francesca Falzarano ◽  
Jerad Moxley ◽  
Karl Pillemer ◽  
Sara Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cultural diversity in the United States (US) reflects a demographic shift, with a growing population of minority older adults and a subsequent increase in minority family caregivers providing care to aging adults. Research has demonstrated heterogeneity in the caregiving experience, with increasing focus placed on examining the impact of cultural values on caregiver (CG) outcomes. Familism has been investigated as a driving mechanism of cross-cultural differences in caregiving outcomes, yet prior work examining this relationship has yielded mixed findings. Using the sociocultural stress and coping model as a guiding framework, we examined, in a sample of 243 CGs who participated in the Caring for the Caregiver Network Study, a randomized controlled trial examining a culturally-tailored technology-based psychosocial intervention, the influence of familism and social support on positive aspects of caregiving, depressive symptoms, and caregiver burden. We also examined how these relationships vary as a function of race/ethnicity, the CG’s relationship to the care-recipient, other sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., SES status), and acculturation. Results showed that African American and Hispanic CGs exhibited higher levels of familism compared to Whites. In African Americans, familism predicted higher positive caregiving appraisals, and social support significantly predicted lower burden and depression. In Hispanics, levels of familism varied as a function of acculturation, with lower levels of familism identified among US Hispanic natives. Our findings highlight that cultural beliefs, such as familism, as well as social support may be adaptive in protecting against adverse CG outcomes and point to directions for future culturally congruent, family-centered intervention approaches.

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