Adaptive Leadership and Independent Opinions: Lessons From the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110653
Author(s):  
Awang Bulgiba
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Adaptive Leadership ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Health Leadership

Malaysia was slow to begin its COVID-19 immunization program for various reasons. However, it is one of the fastest developing countries to vaccinate 80% of its adult population. Nontraditional health leadership played a large role in the implementation of the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (NCIP). Independent opinions from academia also helped the NCIP and may be useful as a way of pushing forward recommendations that may otherwise be difficult to make.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of treatment of allergic rhinitis

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
D. V. Shabanov ◽  
V. N. Fedoseeva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The importance of allergic diseases is due to their increasing prevalence in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of allergic diseases in most countries of the world is 10–30% among urban and rural population. In the regions of Russia, the prevalence of allergic diseases reaches 19–40% among the adult population and over 27% among children and adolescents. The article deals with the main aspects of the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis as the most common allergic pathology. The features of antihistamine therapy with modern drugs of the 2nd generation and their influence on the links of the inflammatory process are considered. The data of studies of the effectiveness and safety of the original drug bilastine. Given the use cases bilastine in clinical practice.

A Comparison of the Information Needs and Information Seeking Behavior of Entrepreneurs in Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing and Developed Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Linda L. Lillard
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Seeking Behavior

“Entrepreneurial spirit has been described as the most important economic development stimulus in recent decades” (Chalhoub, 2011, p. 67). In the early 1990s it was estimated that small to medium sized enterprises SMEs employed 22% of the adult population in developing countries and the role of SMEs is viewed as increasingly important in developing countries because of their capacity to create jobs (Okello-Obura, Minishi-Majanja, Cleote, & Ikoja-Odongo, 2007, p. 369). According to Lingelback, de la Viña and Asel (2005), even though entrepreneurship has been linked to wealth and poverty in developing countries and has played an important role in growth and poverty alleviation, it is the least studied significant economic and social phenomenon in the world today. Examining how the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs from developing countries may differ from entrepreneurs in developed countries is important as it has been suggested that “entrepreneurship in developing countries is distinctive from that practice in developed countries and that understanding these distinctions is critical to private sector development in developing countries” (Lingelback, de la Vina, & Asel, 2005, p. 2). A review of the studies produced thus serves as a beginning for designing information packages and information services that can benefit a global population. Consequently, this chapter targets the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs revealed in studies associated with SMEs in both developed and developing countries and offers conclusions and recommendations for meeting the information needs of this population.

A Comparison of the Information Needs and Information Seeking Behavior of Entrepreneurs in Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing and Developed Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 983-1000
Author(s):  
Linda L. Lillard
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Seeking Behavior

“Entrepreneurial spirit has been described as the most important economic development stimulus in recent decades” (Chalhoub, 2011, p. 67). In the early 1990s it was estimated that small to medium sized enterprises SMEs employed 22% of the adult population in developing countries and the role of SMEs is viewed as increasingly important in developing countries because of their capacity to create jobs (Okello-Obura, Minishi-Majanja, Cleote, & Ikoja-Odongo, 2007, p. 369). According to Lingelback, de la Viña and Asel (2005), even though entrepreneurship has been linked to wealth and poverty in developing countries and has played an important role in growth and poverty alleviation, it is the least studied significant economic and social phenomenon in the world today. Examining how the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs from developing countries may differ from entrepreneurs in developed countries is important as it has been suggested that “entrepreneurship in developing countries is distinctive from that practice in developed countries and that understanding these distinctions is critical to private sector development in developing countries” (Lingelback, de la Vina, & Asel, 2005, p. 2). A review of the studies produced thus serves as a beginning for designing information packages and information services that can benefit a global population. Consequently, this chapter targets the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs revealed in studies associated with SMEs in both developed and developing countries and offers conclusions and recommendations for meeting the information needs of this population.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infections in apparently healthy urban Nigerians: data from pre-vaccination tests

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses P. Adoga ◽  
Silas D. Gyar ◽  
Simon Pechulano ◽  
Obadiah D. Bashayi ◽  
Samuel E. Emiasegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
And Gender

Background: In spite of the availability of an effective vaccine since 1982 against hepatitis B, infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV, still persists in most parts of the world with Nigeria being described as an endemic zone. We therefore set out to establish the prevalence of this infection and evaluate its relationship with age and gender in urban Nigerians. Methodology: During pre-vaccination tests, blood samples were collected by finger-prick and venepuncture from 1,891 subjects aged ≤ 60 years, between 2008 and 2009 after having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance. Smart Check HBsAg (Globalemed, Cape Town, South Africa) and ShantestTM-HBsAg Elisa (Shantha Biotechnics Ltd, Hyderabad, India) were used for initial and confirmatory tests respectively. Results: Of the 1,891 participants, 957 (50.6 %) were males and 934 (49.4%) were females. Overall 114 (6.0%) were positive, of whom 71 (7.4%) were males and 43 (4.6%) females. Those aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate, and males were more likely to be infected with the virus than females (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Such a high prevalence of a vaccine-preventable infection questions the effectiveness of the Nigerian vaccination strategies. The Nigerian government hepatitis B vaccination programme, which hitherto is limited to the National Childhood Immunisation Programme, should include the adult population.

scholarly journals Addressing disruptions in childhood routine immunisation services during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives and lessons learned from Liberia, Nepal, and Senegal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer M Dixit ◽  
Moussa Sarr ◽  
Daouda M Gueye ◽  
Kyle Muther ◽  
T Ruston Yarnko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Routine Immunisation ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Health Leadership ◽  
Health Partnership ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Programme Staff

The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted multifaceted disruptions to routine immunisation from global to local levels, affecting every aspect of vaccine supply, access, and demand. Since March 2020, country programmes have implemented a range of strategies to either continue vaccination services during COVID-19 measures like 'lockdown' and/or resume services when risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission could be appropriately mitigated. Through the Exemplars in Global Health partnership in Liberia, Nepal, and Senegal, we conducted interviews with immunisation programme managers and ministry of health leadership to better understand how they have addressed the myriad vaccination challenges posed by the ongoing pandemic. From establishing alternative modes of service delivery to combatting vaccine distrust and rumours via risk communication campaigns, many routine immunisation programmes have demonstrated how to adapt, resume, and/or maintain vital vaccination efforts during the COVID-19 crisis. Yet millions of children remain un- or under-vaccinated worldwide, and the same programmes striving to implement catch-up services for missed doses and postponed mass campaigns will also soon be tasked with COVID-19 vaccine deployment. As laid bare by the current pandemic, the world's gains against vaccine-preventable diseases are fragile: enshrined by a delicate global ecosystem of logistics, supply, and procurement, the success of routine immunisation ultimately rests upon dedicated programme staff, the resources and support available to them, and then the trust in and demand for vaccines by their recipients. Our collective lessons learned during COVID-19 offer insights in programme adaptation and resilience that, if prioritised, could strengthen equitable, sustainable vaccine delivery for all populations.

Afterword: Building Negotiation Skills

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Verdini Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Adaptive Leadership ◽  
Collaborative Decision Making ◽  
Collaborative Decision

After laying out steps to assist and enhance transboundary natural resource management negotiations, the focus here will be to envision, in broad terms, how these steps might be effectively explored, refined, practiced, and disseminated collaboratively between interdependent developed and developing countries. The aim is to give an example of how to bring together various disciplines in order to build capacity at the intersection of public dispute resolution, adaptive leadership, collaborative decision-making, and political communication....

scholarly journals PERAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERAKHIR ORANG TUA TERHADAP PENYAKIT JANTUNG REMATIK PADA ANAK

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Tumbel ◽  
David Kaunang ◽  
Johnny Rompis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Class A ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Abstract: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an inflammatory process of the heart and scarring formation due to an autoimmune reaction against beta-hemolytic streptococcus class A infection. RHD is the most serious complication of rheumatic fever (RF). Rheumatic fever and its other complications including RHD, is a type of acquired heart disease that mostly found in children and young adult population. Acute rheumatic fever occurrs in 0.3 % of pharyngitis cases caused by beta-hemolytical streptococcus class A in children. In epidemiological view, the school age children (6-15 years) is the most often that experienced pharyngitis caused by Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus class A. In some developing countries, including Indonesia, RF and RHD are still important medical problems and public health problems. The high incidence of this disease in developing countries is related to the lack of public knowledge, education level, socioeconomic status, overcrowded, and lack of adequate health care. Conclusion: The parents’ education level is one of the factors that influence the occurence of RHD in children.Keywords: education level, rheumatic heart diseaseAbstrak: Penyakit jantung rematik (PJR) adalah peradangan jantung dan jaringan parut dipicu oleh reaksi autoimun terhadap infeksi streptokokus beta hemolitikus grup A. PJR merupakan komplikasi yang paling serius dari demam rematik. Penyakit DR dan gejala sisanya, yaitu PJR, merupakan jenis penyakit jantung didapat yang paling banyak dijumpai pada populasi anak-anak dan dewasa muda. DR akut terjadi pada 0,3% kasus faringitis oleh Streptokokus beta hemolitikus grup A pada anak. Secara epidemiologis kelompok umur yang paling sering mengalami faringitis yang disebabkan oleh Streptokokus beta hemolitikus grup A adalah usia sekolah (6-15 tahun). Di beberapa negara berkembang temasuk Indonesia, DR dan PJR masih merupakan masalah medis dan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting. Tingginya angka kejadian di negara berkembang berhubungan dengan kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat, tingkat pendidikan, status sosial ekonomi, kepadatan penduduk, serta kurangnya pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai. Simpulan: Tingkat pendidikan terakhir orang tua merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kasus PJR pada anak.Kata kunci: tingkat pendidikan, penyakit jantung rematik

scholarly journals ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE BETWEEN G7 AND BRICS COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (111) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Carolinne dos Santos Silva ◽  
André Luiz Cavalcanti ◽  
Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

The objective of this study is to investigate a possible difference in entrepreneurial intention between developed and developing countries. For this purpose, we used the data of the year 2014 of the Adult Population Survey, made available by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The intentional sample was defined based on two groups: developed countries belonging to the G7 and developing countries, belonging to BRICS. To test the hypotheses, we used non-parametric tests for categorical data. The results show that BRICS countries have greater entrepreneurial intention when compared to the G7 countries. In addition, the BRICS countries do not have the same perception and entrepreneurial intention; finally, we found that men have a greater entrepreneurial intention when compared to women. The study contributes to the literature of entrepreneurship, more particularly when it comes to entrepreneurial profile and intention, advancing with comparative studies between countries with different economic, cultural and social characteristics.

The New Strengthened Regulations of INGOs in India and China: Comparative Analysis and Reflections

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
India And China

AbstractWhile globalization creates an ambitious space for NGOs to play a large role in policy-making and problem-solving the concern about their accountability always remains there. As the biggest developing countries, India and China have attracted lots of international aid and INGOs’ attention. Recently, both have taken serious efforts to regulate or even to control INGOs’ influence in domestic context despite the difference of their political systems. It is worthy of comparative analysis in a nuanced way on their similarities and differences of why and how to regulate. As a reflection, it is also a good moment for relevant stakeholders to re-imagine the global governance and their relevant role.

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