What do we know about the link between low pay, gender and part-time work?

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jepsen
Keyword(s):  
Living Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Wage Employment ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Pay ◽  
Part Time Work

The interest in the nature and consequence of low pay has steadily increased during recent years. This interest is a result of the fact that certain countries in the European Union have seen an expansion of low-wage employment as a response to the increase in unemployment. Although various aspects have been identified and measured with regard to low pay, there has been little consideration of the impact of part-time work on low wages, and of the main reasons for the much higher rate of low-wage-earners among women than men. This article brings together the available information on the link between low pay, the much higher rate of low pay among women than men, and the interaction between low pay and part-time employment. Section 2 reviews the knowledge on gender differences with regard to low pay; section 3 focuses on the link between low pay and part-time work; earnings mobility being an important part of the puzzle, the existing evidence is reviewed in section 4; section 5 gathers together the information on living standards; conclusions are presented in section 6.

scholarly journals The Impact of Employment Quality and Housing Quality on Human Development in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Marina Checa-Olivas ◽  
Bladimir de la Hoz-Rosales ◽  
Rafael Cano-Guervos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employment Quality ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to contribute new information on how and through which factors employment quality and housing quality can be improved from a human development approach so that people can live the life they want. Using the human capabilities approach as a theoretical reference framework, the article analyses the effect of involuntary part-time employment and overcrowded housing on the Human Development Index (HDI). The empirical analysis is based on the panel data technique, which is applied to data from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the 28 member countries of the European Union. The results shed new evidence on how involuntary part-time work and overcrowded housing limit or hinder people from living the lives they want, at least in the dimensions measured by the HDI.

scholarly journals The impact of part-time work on firm productivity: evidence from Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Devicienti ◽  
Elena Grinza ◽  
Davide Vannoni
Keyword(s):  
Firm Productivity ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Low Pay, Labour Market Institutions, Gender and Part-Time Work: Cross-National Comparisons

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Robson ◽  
Shirley Dex ◽  
Frank Wilkinson ◽  
Olga Salido Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Labour Market Institutions ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Low Pay ◽  
Part Time Work ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Impact of Part Time Work on the Academic Performance of International Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ershad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
International Students ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Auckland Region ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

The study analyses the impact of part time work on academic performance of international students while they study. In doing so, the study has conducted a survey among international students who were studying at different tertiary institutes in Auckland region. The study found that there are positive as well as negative impacts on the students’ academic performance while they study as well as work. The study opines that whether the impact would be positive or negative depends on time management between work and study. Findings of the study may be of interest for policy makers, educationists, and researchers.

Does Health Reform Lead to an Increase in Early Retirement? Evidence from Massachusetts

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Heim ◽  
LeeKai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This article estimates the impact of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform on the decision of individuals to retire early. Using data from the American Community Survey that spans 2004 through 2012, the authors estimate difference-in-differences models for retirement using individuals from other northeastern states as the control group. The estimates suggest that the reform led women to increase early retirement from full-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 4.8%) and to increase part-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 30%). Though no significant effects were found for men overall, the estimates imply that the reform led to an increase in retirement and part-time work among lower-income men.

scholarly journals Adolescent Employment, Mental Health, and Suicidal Behavior: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6835
Author(s):  
Hyerine Shin ◽  
Kyung hee Kim ◽  
Ji-su Kim ◽  
Eunkyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This study aimed to confirm the relationships between part-time work experience, mental health, and suicidal behavior in adolescents. The impact of part-time work in this population is a controversial topic, perhaps because of the sociocultural background-related inconsistencies in previous results. In this cross-sectional study, which involved a secondary analysis of data from the 11th–13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Surveys, conducted among 800 middle and high schools by the Korean government, we used propensity score matching analysis to minimize the impact of individual backgrounds on the findings concerning the relationships in question. Overall, part-time experience was significantly related to mental health problems and suicidal behavior even after eliminating background differences. Adolescents with part-time work experience had higher overall stress levels (odds ratio = 1.148; 95% confidence interval = 1.094, 1.205) than those without such experience, and more suicidal thoughts (odds ratio = 1.355; 95% confidence interval = 1.266, 1.450), suicide planning (odds ratio = 1.717; 95% confidence interval = 1.527, 1.929), and suicide attempts (odds ratio = 1.852; 95% confidence interval = 1.595, 2.151). Thus, it is important to pay increased attention to mental health and suicide-related issues in South Korean adolescents with part-time jobs.

scholarly journals Part-time Work and the Workers’ Age and Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Anna Skórska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Occupational Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Occupational Life ◽  
Part Time Work ◽  
The Eu

The goal of the paper is to present spatial diversity in the use of flexible forms of employment with special emphasis on part-time work among women and men aged 50+ in the European Union. Demographic changes, including the ageing of the EU population, show the necessity of rationally utilizing available labour resources. Because the level of occupational activity is declining with age, while the share of people aged 50+ in the population is growing, the possibility of doing parttime work that allows reconciliation between occupational life and non-occupational life seems important. This form of employment can also constitute an important transitional stage between occupational activity and retirement. The analyses presented in the paper are based on data from Eurostat and include the years between 2003 and 2017. The conducted studies show significantdifferences in the utilization of part-time work in EU countries especially when age and gender are taken into consideration.

13. Part-Time and Fixed-Term Work

2020 ◽  
pp. 521-548
Author(s):  
David Cabrelli
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Cost Efficiencies ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Low Pay ◽  
Part Time Work

This chapter examines the policies that have been adopted to strike a balance between the twin objectives of labour market flexibility and enhanced job quality in the context of the regulation of part-time work and fixed-term work. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of part-time and fixed-term working: for workers the flexibility which accompanies such positions can enable them to secure working hours that are tailored around their domestic and social responsibilities; however, such work often comes at a cost in terms of low pay, low status, and insecurity. These working patterns are attractive to employers as they generate cost efficiencies. The chapter evaluates the equal treatment regimes contained in the Part-Time Workers Regulations and the Fixed-Term Employees Regulations. In so doing, it addresses the Framework Agreement and Directive on Part-time Work and the Agreement on Fixed-term Work and the Fixed-term Work Directive.

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