scholarly journals When Developing Countries Meet Transnational Universities: Searching for Complementarity and Dealing With Dual Embeddedness

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guimón ◽  
Rajneesh Narula
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Branch Campuses ◽  
International Branch Campuses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Universities

During the past two decades, a growing number of universities, mainly from developed countries, have established branch campuses in developing countries. From the developing country perspective, attracting foreign universities can help mitigate financial constraints and capacity shortages that impair the state’s ability to provide greater access to higher education, while also improving teaching and research in general. However, foreign universities may also be detrimental if they crowd out their domestic counterparts. We explore different scenarios and policy options for developing countries aiming to attract foreign universities, building upon a review of four case studies from Chile, China, Kazakhstan, and Malaysia. Our analysis illustrates how host countries can provide incentives to align incoming foreign universities to complement and strengthen the areas of weakness in their higher education systems. We also reflect on how policy-makers can deal with the challenges associated with the dual embeddedness of international branch campuses.

Expanding Access While Narrowing Outcomes

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Grace Karram Stephenson ◽  
Shakina Rajendram
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
English Only ◽  
Branch Campuses ◽  
International Branch Campuses ◽  
Business Degrees ◽  
English Speaking

As Malaysia attempts to expand access for their minority groups using international branch campuses (IBCs), the IBC emphasis on developing students into tech-savvy, English-speaking, business leaders is leading to divisions based on language and ability that present new accessibility challenges. This chapter draws on the findings from a qualitative study conducted at three IBCs in the greater Kuala Lumpur area of Malaysia to understand how IBCs both facilitate and obstruct access to higher education for Malaysia's diverse population, and to reframe how access is understood in an area of cross-border higher education. This study found that: a) the instructional approach used in the business degrees at Malaysia's IBCs provides a very different pedagogical experience for students compared with the forms of instruction at their secondary schools; b) the new English-only, group-based learning highlights students' ethnic and linguistic differences; and c) students' successful transition to the surrounding business sector depends on their ability to acquire skills offered at the IBC.

scholarly journals Impact of Education Tourism on Bahrain’s Economic Growth: A Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Nekhili ◽  
Saad Darwish ◽  
Marwan Mohamed Abdeldayem
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research University ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Branch Campuses ◽  
International Branch Campuses ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Public Economy ◽  
The Impact

The existence of international students makes an investigation of the impact on a country’s economy topical. Despite the complexity of measuring the economic impact of education tourism, many countries have conducted analyses to justify that international higher education students have a positive impact on the public economy. In the Gulf States, efforts to reform and modernize higher education to create knowledge-based societies are ongoing. Member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) share a regional vision to make the Arab Gulf a hub for a world-class education. Arab higher education systems that were long characterized by mass production of graduates and incremental support from the state are now shifting to new Western models of higher education. Several factors, including the development of the knowledge economy, massive access to higher education and increasing higher education differentiation are contributing to this push. To achieve this vision, the Gulf States have adopted the Western research university model by hosting international branch campuses (IBCs) in the region. GCC governments have also embraced study abroad scholarship programs that sponsor large numbers of Gulf nationals to study in Western universities.

Two decades of international branch campus development, 2000–2020: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Stephen Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Branch Campus ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Branch Campuses ◽  
International Branch Campuses ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
International Branch Campus ◽  
Education Hub

PurposeThe research aims to assess the achievements and challenges of international branch campuses (IBCs) to date and to consider how IBC development may progress in the future.Design/methodology/approachThe article presents a review of the scholarly and grey literatures on IBCs. The commentary and discussion is structured around the objectives, perspectives and experiences of three key stakeholder groups, namely the institutions that own IBCs, students and host countries.FindingsSome IBCs have failed to achieve their student recruitment and financial targets, while others have been successful, often expanding and moving into new, larger, purpose-built campuses. In the last few years, several countries have announced their intention to become a transnational education hub, or at least to allow the establishment of IBCs. It may be reasonable to assume that when there is demand for a product, supply will eventually follow. IBCs will survive and prosper as long as they provide benefits to each of their main stakeholder groups (i.e. students, institutions and governments), and as long as the local demand for higher education places exceeds the total supply.Originality/valueThe article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of IBC developments and research during the period 2000–2020. The findings and conclusions will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners.

Achieving Legitimacy in Cross-Border Higher Education: Institutional Influences on Chinese International Branch Campuses in South East Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan He ◽  
Stephen Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Branch Campuses ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
International Branch Campuses ◽  
Institutional Influences ◽  
Institutional Forces

All universities must achieve legitimacy, as this is essential to attract students, staff, and resources, including funding. To achieve legitimacy in transnational higher education, universities must conform to the rules and belief systems in the host countries. Adopting a case study approach, this research aims to investigate the different institutional influences on three Chinese international branch campuses (IBCs) that operate in South East Asia. The institutional factors behind the strategies taken in establishing and operating such branch campuses are discussed, as well as the different legitimacy building strategies adopted to counteract the liability of foreignness in the host countries. It was found that legitimacy is established through three modes: legitimacy conformity, selective legitimacy conformity/nonconformity, and legitimacy creation, which are adopted according to the IBC’s dependence on local resources and the strength of the institutional forces in the host country.

scholarly journals The International Dimension of the Brazilian Higher Education System Through the Prism of South-South Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Brum ◽  
Marcelo Knobel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Education System ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Coopération Internationale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Developed World

International cooperation is a growing trend among research universities. In the past, this took the form of collaboration between researchers in developing countries with those in the developed world that enjoy superior access to fnancial and technical resources as well as infrastructure. More recently, the collaboration map has begun to change, as scientists in developed countries recognised how local context can affect their work, and those in developing countries are slowly building their research capabilities. Furthermore, South-South research collaboration is considered increasingly important, alongside developments in science and higher education in these countries. Following a brief overview of the Brazilian higher education system, this article discusses the complexity of establishing international collaboration, citing a few programmes aiming at strengthening South-South cooperation. La coopération internationale ne cesse de croitre au sein des universités de recherche. Dans le passé, elle prenait la forme d’une collaboration entre les chercheurs de pays en voie de développement et ceux de pays développés, qui ont accès à des ressources fnancières et techniques ainsi que des infrastructures supérieures. Plus récemment, le format des collaborations a commencé à changer, alors que les scientifques des pays développés reconnaissent la manière dont le contexte local impacte leur travail, tandis que ceux des pays en voie de développement créent doucement des capacités de recherche. Par ailleurs, la collaboration de recherche sud-sud est de plus en plus considérée essentielle, parallèlement aux développements de la science et de l’enseignement supérieur dans ces pays. Après une brève introduction au système d’enseignement supérieur brésilien, cet article aborde la complexité de la mise en place de partenariats internationaux, en faisant référence à quelques programmes visant à renforcer les coopérations sud-sud.

scholarly journals How Well Are International Branch Campuses Serving Students?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wilkins ◽  
Melodena Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Branch Campus ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Branch Campuses ◽  
International Branch Campuses ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
International Branch Campus ◽  
The World

Although there is no shortage of criticisms of the international branch campus in the academic literature and professional journals, this article argues that they are fulfilling a vital role in countries all around the world, by expanding capacity and widening access to higher education. It was found that branch campuses are generally satisfying the expectations of both students and quality assurance agencies.

scholarly journals MOOCs-The way to go

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 881-889
Author(s):  
Shanta Rangaswamy ◽  
◽  
Ramakanth Kumar P ◽  
Uma B.V ◽  
Subramanya KN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Local Chapter ◽  
Technical Institution

MOOCs plays a vital role in transforming higher education across the globe. Today, providing an access to higher education to people of all sectors is the highest priority in all the developed and developing countries. Currently many universities in developed countries are able to get to the top rankings (by various agencies) because of their high education standards, flexibility in the education system, curriculum and outreach programmes. By this they are able to attract the best brains from across the globe. MOOCs helps them to attain this to a greater extent apart from the policy matters. In this paper, cumulative data of three consecutive years of a NPTEL local chapter and of courses in Coursera taken during the peak pandemic duration is taken in to consideration for the analysis of trends and popularity of MOOCs among students and faculty fraternity in a technical institution.

scholarly journals Promoting Clusters and Networks for Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development in the Globalization Era

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401769715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Foghani ◽  
Batiah Mahadi ◽  
Rosmini Omar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
Asian Developing Countries

This research attempts to explore the importance of cluster-based systems in preparation for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to go global, and it is an ongoing research. The findings of this research are aimed at providing insights to policy makers, academicians, and practitioners with the objective of creating initiatives, strategies, and policies, which reflect the primary aim of supporting SMEs in managing global challenges. SMEs that are cluster-based have the potential to facilitate the successful inclusion of SMEs in the growth of productivity and networks of global distribution. Most Asian developing countries are in the dark when it comes to this matter. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between the capabilities of the networks and clusters in developing SMEs’ preparedness in facing business players in the global arena. This study’s scope includes specific Asian developing countries. Even though the issue of clusters in SMEs has been well researched in developed countries, such empirical studies are still lacking in the Asian region despite its prevalent collectivism practice. In the concluding analysis, the study intends to develop a model emphasizing the cluster-based industrial SMEs toward globalization.

Macroeconomics of money laundering: effects and measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nella Hendriyetty ◽  
Bhajan S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Illicit Flows

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review studies focusing on the magnitude of money laundering and their effects on a country’s economy. The relevant concepts are identified on the basis of discussions in the literature by prominent scholars and policy makers. There are three main objectives in this review: first, to discuss the effects of money laundering on a country’s macro-economy; second, to seek measurements from other scholars; and finally, to seek previous findings about the magnitude and the flows of money laundering. Design/methodology/approach In the first part, this paper outlines the effects of money laundering on macroeconomic conditions of a country, and then the second part reviews the literature that measures the magnitude of money laundering from an economic perspective. Findings Money laundering affects a country’s economy by increasing shadow economy and criminal activities, illicit flows and impeding tax collection. To minimise these negative effects, it is necessary to quantify the magnitude of money laundering relative to economic conditions to identify the most vulnerable aspects of money laundering in a country. Two approaches are used in this study: the first is the capital flight approach, as money laundering will cause flows of money between countries; the second is the economic approach for measuring money laundering through economic variables (e.g. tax revenue, underground economy and income generated by criminals) separately from tax evasion. Originality/value The paper offers new insights for the measurement of money laundering, especially for developing countries. Most methods in quantifying money laundering have focused on developed countries, which are less applicable to developing countries.

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