scholarly journals Identification and phylogenetic analysis of clade C Avipoxvirus in a fowlpox outbreak in exotic psittacines in southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurete Murer ◽  
Moisés Westenhofen ◽  
Glaucia D. Kommers ◽  
Thales Q. Furian ◽  
Karen A. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Skin Loss ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Fowlpox is one of the oldest diseases reported in birds. The causative genus Avipoxvirus affects ~232 domestic and wild species. We present herein the history, clinical findings, and macroscopic and histologic lesions caused by a clade C poxvirus in an exotic psittacine breeding colony in southern Brazil. Clinical signs included yellow nodular lesions at the commissure of the beak and on the periocular skin, loss of appetite, and death. Fifty birds were autopsied, and fragments of periocular skin, tongue, and trachea were examined histologically, which revealed hyperkeratosis associated with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Tracheal fragments and periocular skin were subjected to nested PCR and phylogenetic analyses. The sequenced strain showed 99.58% identity with the nucleotide sequences of Avipoxvirus strains AY53011, KC018069, AM050383, and AM05382 isolated from birds in Germany, United States, and United Kingdom. The strain was grouped under clade C, which represents isolates exclusively from the Psittacidae family. The infection caused by clade C Avipoxvirus in the exotic psittacines examined ( Platycercus sp. and Psephotus haematonotus) demonstrates the circulation of this clade in this breeding colony.

scholarly journals Psittacid herpesvirus 3 infection in rose-ringed parakeets in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-412
Author(s):  
Laurete Murer ◽  
Marília B. Ribeiro ◽  
Glaucia D. Kommers ◽  
Mauro P. Soares ◽  
Juliana F. Cargnelutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Polymerase Gene ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusion ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Total Dna

We diagnosed disease caused by psittacid herpesvirus 3 (PsHV-3), a novel psittacid pathogen, in rose-ringed parakeets ( Psittacula krameri) housed in an exotic psittacine breeding colony in southern Brazil. The disease affected several adult birds. Clinical signs included apathy, tachypnea, and wheezing. Four birds were autopsied, and sections of lungs and liver were examined histologically and by electron microscopy (EM), revealing pulmonary congestion, bronchopneumonia, or multifocal necrosis of tertiary bronchi, with syncytial cells and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Viral particles morphologically compatible with herpesviruses were observed by EM in lung sections. PCR with pan-herpesvirus primers performed on total DNA extracted from paraffinized tissue resulted in a 278-bp product. Sequencing of the amplicon revealed 93% nucleotide identity with a PsHV-3 sequence available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the obtained sequence with the only PsHV-3 DNA polymerase gene sequence available (GenBank accession JX028240) and separated the sequence from psittacid herpesviruses 1 and 2. The clinical, pathologic, and molecular findings support the association of PsHV-3 with pneumonia found in these rose-ringed parakeets in southern Brazil.

scholarly journals CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS WITH THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF PARASITIC BOTTLE JAW SYNDROME IN CALVES

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
KA Hossain ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
AA Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Rate Loss

This study was conducted to study the etiology, clinical findings and therapeutic management of bottle jaw affected calves, which were brought for treatment at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinic during the period from July to December 2002. During this period, a total of 15 bottle jaw affected calves of either sex and aged between 6 to 12 months were selected and utilized for this study. Parasitological examination of the faeces samples of each of the 15 calves showed significantly higher incidence of mixed (80%) than single type of gastrointestinal helminth infection. Of the 15 calves examined, of which 13 (86.67%) calves were affected with Fasciola gigantica, 10 (66.67%) with Paramphistomum sp. and 7 (46.67%) calves with gastrointestinal nematodes. The highest infection rate was found with Fasciola gigantica and lowest with gastro-intestinal nematodes. History and clinical examination of these calves revealed malnutrition and the clinical signs recorded were normal rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rate, loss of appetite (66.67%), rough hair coat (80.00%), pale conjunctival mucosa (86.67%), dehydration (100%), loss of body condition (100%), weakness (80%), dullness (46.67%), depression (60%), pot-belly (40%) and diarrhea (86.67%). The Tetranid® (tetramisole plus oxyclozanide) was found to be highly effective against both the flukes and gastrointestinal nematodes. Fenbendazole (Peraclear®, Techno Drugs) was highly effective against gastrointestinal nematodes which were associated with bottle jaw in calves. Treatment with anthelmintics followed by hematinic drugs resulted 100% recovery of parasitic bottle jaw cases in calves within 28th day of treatment. Therefore, bottle jaw syndrome in calves, caused by gastro-intestinal helminths, could be successfully treated with anthelmintics with supportive treatment with any effective haematinic drugs.

scholarly journals Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
D. KASABALIS (Δ. ΚΑΣΑΜΠΑΛΗΣ) ◽  
T. P. CHOUZOURIS (Τ.Π. ΧΟΥΖΟΥΡΗΣ) ◽  
D. T. TIMIOU (Δ.Τ. ΤΙΜΙΟΥ) ◽  
D. P. TSELEKIS (Δ.Π. ΤΣΕΛΕΚΗΣ) ◽  
N. SOUBASIS (Ν. ΣΟΥΜΠΑΣΗΣ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diabetic Ketosis ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Pendulous Abdomen ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Tract Infections

The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the historical and clinical findings, the clinicopathological abnormalities, the occurrence and nature of concurrent diseases, the treatment and outcome of 23 dogs with diabetic ketosisketoacidosis (DK-DKA). Inclusion criteria consisted of the presence of clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus (DM) along with persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. In nineteen dogs (83%) DM had not been previously diagnosed. Common presenting complaints were polyuria/polydipsia (100%), partial or complete loss of appetite (87%), depression (87%), vomiting (65 %) and weight loss (30 %). The most frequent physical examination findings included dehydration (61%), depression (61%), hypotrichosis-alopecia (39%), palpable cranial abdominal organomegaly (26%), pendulous abdomen (26%), lesions compatible with superficial pyoderma (17%), thin and hypotonic abdominal skin (17%), and hypothermia (17%). The most important clinicopathological abnormalities, apart from hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria, included anemia (48%), leukocytosis (39%), increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (100%), lipase (56%) and alanine aminotransferase (52%), hypertriglyceridemia (90%) and hypercholesterolemia (84%). Also, 12 dogs demonstrated hypokalemia on admission or during hospitalization. A concurrent disease was identified in 74% of the cases while 26% had two or more comorbidities. The latter included pancreatitis (30%), urinary tract infections (17%), superficial pyoderma (17%), urolithiasis (13%) and hyperadrenocorticism (13%). Twenty two dogs were treated with short-acting insulin (regular or lispro) and one with intermediate-acting (lente) insulin, whereas intravenous fluid therapy was instituted in 78% of them with potassium and phosphorus supplementation in 65% and 9%, respectively. Seventeen (81%) dogs survived to be discharged, three (13%) died during hospitalization, one (4%) was euthanized and on two (9%) occasions owners declined hospitalization after the first 24 hours due to financial constrains or a poor prognosis. Mean duration of hospitalization for the survivors was 5.7 ± 2.4 days, mean time to resolution of ketonuria was 4.2 ± 1.9 days and median time of rapid–acting insulin administration was 4 days (range 2-8 days).

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Jana Ježková ◽  
Zlata Limpouchová ◽  
Jitka Prediger ◽  
Nikola Holubová ◽  
Bohumil Sak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples

Cryptosporidium spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutrias (Myocastor coypus). A total of 150 faecal samples of feral nutria were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 1), C. ubiquitum subtype family XIId (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. XXIIa (n = 2), and XXIIb (n = 3). Only nutrias positive for C. myocastoris shed microscopically detectable oocysts, which measured 4.8–5.2 × 4.7–5.0 µm, and oocysts were infectious for experimentally infected nutrias with a prepatent period of 5–6 days, although not for mice, gerbils, or chickens. The infection was localised in jejunum and ileum without observable macroscopic changes. The microvilli adjacent to attached stages responded by elongating. Clinical signs were not observed in naturally or experimentally infected nutrias. Phylogenetic analyses at SSU, actin, and HSP70 loci demonstrated that C. myocastoris n. sp. is distinct from other valid Cryptosporidium species.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of vector borne pathogens in anemic and thrombocytopenic dogs in southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cláudia Baumel Mongruel ◽  
Priscila Ikeda ◽  
Keyla Carstens Marques de Sousa ◽  
Jyan Lucas Benevenute ◽  
Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Arthropod-borne pathogens are medically important because of their ability to cause diseases in their hosts. The purpose of this study was to detect the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp., piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs with anemia and thrombocytopenia in southern Brazil. EDTA-whole blood was collected from 75 domestic dogs presenting anemia or/and thrombocytopenia from Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil. DNA samples were subjected to conventional PCR assays for Ehrlichia spp. (dsb), piroplasmids (18S rRNA) and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Among the 75 dogs, one (1.33%) was positive for Hepatozoon sp. and six (8%) were positive for piroplasmids in 18S rRNA cPCR assays. None of the dogs showed positive results in Ehrlichia spp.-cPCR targeting dsb gene. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that three piroplasm sequences were clustered with Rangellia vitalii, while one sequence was grouped with B. vogeli. The only sequence obtained from Hepatozoon spp.-PCR protocol was pooled with H. canis. Therefore, there is urgent need for differential molecular diagnosis of the two piroplasm species cited as etiological agents in clinical cases of canine hemoparasitic diseases, given the higher pathogenic potential of R. vitalii than of B. vogeli.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of sialodacryoadenitis virus infection of rats in a virulent enzootic outbreak

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Carthew ◽  
R. P. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Natural Outbreak

In a natural outbreak of sialodacryoadenitis virus it was observed that the incidence of clinical signs in spontaneous-hypertensive rats was 100%, and that these signs were of a severity not observed before in other strains of rats. Rats free of the virus were introduced so that the progress of the disease could be studied under natural conditions of spontaneous spread from the enzootically-affected breeding colony. The pathogenesis of the infection in these Sprague-Dawley rats has been recorded over a period of 10 days after their introduction to the colony, and the results of extensive serological screening have shown that the antibody response of the spontaneous-hypertensive rats to the virus is lower than in other strains of rat.

scholarly journals Clinical features of cats with aqueous tear deficiency: a retrospective case series of 10 patients (17 eyes)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K Uhl ◽  
Akihiko Saito ◽  
Hiroko Iwashita ◽  
David J Maggs ◽  
Jonathan P Mochel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the clinical findings, diagnostic test results and response to therapy of cats with Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) values below the reference interval. Methods The medical records of three institutions were searched for cats with ocular surface disease and STT-1 values <9 mm/min, confirmed at two or more separate visits. Results Ten cats (17 eyes) were included. The mean ± SD (range) age and STT-1 values in affected eye(s) were 6.1 ± 5.7 (0.2–16) years and 2.4 ± 3.1 (0–8) mm/min, respectively. Concurrent ocular surface disease was bilateral in 5/10 cats. Clinical signs included conjunctivitis (14/17 eyes), corneal ulceration (6/17 eyes), non-ulcerative keratitis (4/17 eyes), symblepharon (4/17 eyes), eosinophilic keratitis (3/17 eyes), corneal sequestrum (3/17 eyes), corneal fibrosis (2/17 eyes) and meibomitis (2/17 eyes). Management included: topically applied lacrimomimetics, antiviral drugs, corticosteroids or immunomodulatory drugs; orally administered famciclovir; or surgical procedures, in various combinations. Response to therapy (defined as an increase in STT-1 value of ⩾5 mm/min) was transient (seen at a single reassessment) in 65% of eyes and sustained (seen at ⩾2 consecutive reassessments) in 18% of eyes. Conclusions and relevance Clinical features seen in cats with low STT-1 values are described, although the association between aqueous deficiency and the reported ocular changes is unknown at this time. We encourage clinicians to assess the tear film in cats with ocular surface disease, and initiate therapy with lacrimomimetics if STT-1 values are repeatedly below normal. Such information will further define aqueous tear deficiency in cats, providing a better understanding of disease prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of canid herpesvirus 1 disease in puppies in southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana F. Cargnelutti ◽  
Eduardo K. Masuda ◽  
Mariana G. Neuls ◽  
Rudi Weiblen ◽  
Eduardo F. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Severe Systemic Disease

Abstract: Canid herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) is a widespread pathogen of dogs and produces infertility, abortions and severe systemic disease in young puppies. Clinical data indicate the circulation of CHV-1 among Brazilian dogs yet definitive diagnosis has rarely been accomplished. This article describes the clinicopathological findings of four independent cases/outbreaks of neonatal disease by CHV-1 in Bulldog puppies followed by virus identification and genetic characterization. Three events occurred in a kennel holding dogs of different breeds at reproductive age (March 2013, October 2013 and April 2014). Puppies from three French or English Bulldog litters, aging 9 to 30 days were affected, presenting dyspnea, agonic breathing, pale mucous, abdominal pain and tension, evolving to death within about 24 hours. At necropsy, the puppies presented necrohemorrhagic hepatitis, multifocal and moderate necrohemorrhagic nephritis and fibrinonecrotic interstitial pneumonia. Virus isolation was positive in clinical specimens from one litter and CHV-1 DNA was detected by PCR in tissues from all four cases. Virus-neutralizing assays with samples of the affected kennel revealed 9/12 adult animals with high antibody titers to CHV-1. Nucleotide sequencing of glycoprotein B, C and D genes revealed 99-100% of identity among the viruses and with CHV-1 sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses of gC sequences showed a segregation of the samples, even among three isolates from the same kennel. These findings support CHV-1 infection as the cause of disease and death in these dog litters, reinforcing the need for correct etiologic diagnosis, prevention and immunization against CHV-1 in dogs from Southern Brazil.

scholarly journals SARS-COV-2 transmission among family members

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Gordana Todorović ◽  
Aleksandar Joldžić ◽  
Slađana Anđelić ◽  
Darko Nedeljković
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
High Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Introduction/Objective Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a new respiratory disease -COVID-19. A virus from the Coronaviridae family, highly contagious and virulent took over the world in a very short time causing the 2019/2020 pandemic. We are presenting the case of COVID-19 transmission among family members, patients of various ages, sex, clinical presentation and findings, who have been infected in different ways. Case reports Three patients are described, all with different coronavirus-specific symptomatology. Symptoms ranged from fatigue and loss of appetite with no other, more prominent symptoms in the youngest patient, to fever, high temperature, diarrhoea, muscle ache and chest pain during inspiration in the oldest patient. The third patient's dominant symptoms were dry, non-productive cough, lack of oxygen, shortness of breath and perspiration on exertion, headache and normal temperature, with radiographically confirmed bilateral pneumonia. Laboratory findings (leukopenia, lymphocytopenia with elevated C-reactive protein levels, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and lactate dehydrogenase levels) were consistent with a viral infection, highly suspicious of SARS-COV-2, which was confirmed with a real-time RT-PCR test in all three patients. After being hospitalized in the Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun" Department of Pulmonology and treated with symptomatic, antiviral and antibiotic therapy, the disease regressed and the RT-PCR tests became negative. Conclusion SARS-COV-2 is a very aggressive and potent cause of the coronavirus disease. The presented cases confirm the possibility of quick transmission within a family through direct and indirect contact, as well as the diversity of symptoms, laboratory and clinical findings. Our clinical examples are similar in symptomatology and available results to cases from other parts of the world hit with the pandemic.

scholarly journals Acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Adrien ◽  
Ana Lucia Schild ◽  
Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira ◽  
Letícia Fiss ◽  
Jerônimo L. Ruas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bile Duct Proliferation ◽  
Mild Anemia

This study describes the epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil. Fifteen out of 70 three-year-old pregnant cows lost weight in the 30-40 days prior to calving. Clinical signs included diarrhea, weakness, mild anemia and jaundice. Dark yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity was observed at necropsy. Fibrin and clotted blood were adhered to the pericardium and lung, primarily in the diaphragmatic lobes. The liver was enlarged, and the capsular surface was irregular with clear areas and petechiae. At the cut surface, the liver was irregular, firm and edematous, and several hemorrhagic channels could be observed. Areas of fibrosis through the parenchyma and whitish thrombi occluding the great vessels were also observed. The livers of 10 cows that not died were condemned at slaughter for lesions of fasciolosis similar to those observed at necropsy. Microscopically, the liver showed areas of coagulation necrosis, extensive hemorrhages in the streaks or foci and disruption of the parenchyma with neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. Fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were also observed. Immature Fasciola hepatica flukes were observed in the parenchyma surrounded by degenerated hepatocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and hemorrhages. The outbreak occurred on a farm located in an area endemic for fasciolosis, although the acute form of the disease is not common in cattle in this region. It is likely that the cows were infected by F. hepatica metacercariae released in the late fall or early spring in the rice stubble where the herd was grazing prior to calving. Although mortality due to fasciolosis in cattle is infrequent, outbreaks can occur and treatments that are effective in both the immature and adult forms of the parasite should be administered to prevent economic losses.

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