Prepubic tendon rupture in Santa Inês ewe – case report

Prepubic tendon rupture may lead to the loss of pelvic floorsupport. A four-year-old Santa Inês ewe had been reported suffering fromapathy, progressive weight loss throughout ten days, and prolongedpregnancy. Physical exams showed an excessive pendulous abdomen, amild ventral edema between the udder and the umbilical scar (xiphoidregion). Also, the udder was cranially displaced and with hematomas.Other symptoms noticed were walking reluctance, pelvic asymmetry,tachycardia, and tachypnea. The urinalysis findings indicated the presenceof ketone bodies. The ultrasound examination confirmed the presence offetuses with normal development, and a potential rupture of theabdominal muscles was excluded. Eight days following its hospitalization,labor induction was carried out using dexamethasone (20mg, IM, singleapplication). She went into labor three days after the initial dose ofcorticosteroid. The ewe had difficulty expelling the lambs, making theirtraction necessary. Although the animal has recovered from its injuries,the clinical picture shows prepubic tendon rupture, and in order to preventfuture complications, the ewe is not going to breed anymore. The report ofthis case works as an alert to the possibility of the occurrence of thisaffection in ewes and demonstrates the need of parturition assistance inanimals with this condition, which can be diagnosed through clinicalevaluation and ultrasound examination.

Myxosarcoma Associated with the Kidney in a Cat: Case Report

ABSTRACT A 12 yr old spayed female domestic shorthair with a history of lethargy, anorexia, and a pendulous abdomen was referred after a cranial abdominal mass was palpated on physical examination. Thoracic radiographs and an abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass associated with the kidney and moderate hemoperitoneum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed abdominal hemorrhage originating from a right renal mass that was adhered to the caudal vena cava. Following a right nephrectomy, histopathology diagnosed the mass as a perirenal/renal myxosarcoma. Based upon thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound, the patient remains disease free at 14 mo postoperatively.

Availability of social networks as marketing instrument in esthetic surgery

Aim. To determine the availability of social networks for involvement of clients in the sphere of esthetic surgery. Materials and methods. The data of a social group from The Clinic of Esthetic Surgery “EstMed” in the social network vkontakte were analyzed. Results. The number of subscribers was 533, the main contingent – women aged 25 to 44 years; 48 % of users look through the group posts by means of mobile devices. The participants of this group were not satisfied with the form and dimension of their breast, pendulous abdomen, wrinkles on the face, “ears” on the femurs and form of buttocks; 95 % voted for plastic surgery as an appropriate way to fight with aging. Most subscribers were ready for surgery; 50 % of interrogated persons consider psychologist’s consultation to be necessary. The greatest number of persons consider buttocks, breast and legs to be the most sexual part of the body. One third of the questioned persons have breast size number one, but the majority of interrogated persons consider that men prefer breast size number three. Posts, containing jokes, arouse the greatest interest, information not concerned with the subject matter of the group – the least. Conclusions. When used professionally, social networks can be a strong instrument to involve clients.

Posture controls mechanical tuning in the black widow spider mechanosensory system

Spiders rely on mechanical vibration sensing for sexual signalling, prey capture and predator evasion. The sensory organs underlying vibration detection, called slit sensilla, resemble cracks in the spider's exoskeleton, and are distributed all over the spider body. Those crucial to sensing web- and other substrate-borne vibrations are called lyriform organs and are densely distributed around leg joints. It has been shown that forces that cause bending at leg joints also activate these lyriform organs. Little is known of how the biomechanics of the body of a freely-suspended spider in its natural posture interact with vibrations introduced into the body and how this affects vibration perception. Female black widow spiders, in particular, have a striking body-form; their long thin legs support a large pendulous abdomen. Here, we show that in their natural posture, the large abdominal mass of black widow females, interacts with the spring-like behaviour of their leg joints and determines the mechanical behaviour of different leg joints. Furthermore, we find that adopting different body postures enables females to alter both the level and tuning of the mechanical input to lyriform organs. Therefore, we suggest that posture may be used to flexibly and reversibly focus attention to different classes or components of web vibration. Postural effects thus emphasize the dynamic loop of interactions between behaviour and perception, i.e. between 'brain' and body.

Congenital Feline Hypothyroidism With Partially Erupted Adult Dentition in a 10-Month-Old Male Neutered Domestic Shorthair Cat: A Case Report

Congenital feline hypothyroidism was diagnosed in a 10-month-old kitten. The kitten appeared to have disproportionate dwarfism, with the clinical signs of incompletely erupted permanent dentition covered by thickened gingival tissue, short stature, a broad, flattened face, short neck, pendulous abdomen, kitten-like hair coat, and goiter. Hypothyroidism was confirmed with baseline T4, freeT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone testing. The kitten was treated with thyroid hormone supplementation and monitored. The kitten appeared clinically like a normal healthy cat at 22 months of age on thyroid supplementation.

Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)

The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the historical and clinical findings, the clinicopathological abnormalities, the occurrence and nature of concurrent diseases, the treatment and outcome of 23 dogs with diabetic ketosisketoacidosis (DK-DKA). Inclusion criteria consisted of the presence of clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus (DM) along with persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. In nineteen dogs (83%) DM had not been previously diagnosed. Common presenting complaints were polyuria/polydipsia (100%), partial or complete loss of appetite (87%), depression (87%), vomiting (65 %) and weight loss (30 %). The most frequent physical examination findings included dehydration (61%), depression (61%), hypotrichosis-alopecia (39%), palpable cranial abdominal organomegaly (26%), pendulous abdomen (26%), lesions compatible with superficial pyoderma (17%), thin and hypotonic abdominal skin (17%), and hypothermia (17%). The most important clinicopathological abnormalities, apart from hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria, included anemia (48%), leukocytosis (39%), increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (100%), lipase (56%) and alanine aminotransferase (52%), hypertriglyceridemia (90%) and hypercholesterolemia (84%). Also, 12 dogs demonstrated hypokalemia on admission or during hospitalization. A concurrent disease was identified in 74% of the cases while 26% had two or more comorbidities. The latter included pancreatitis (30%), urinary tract infections (17%), superficial pyoderma (17%), urolithiasis (13%) and hyperadrenocorticism (13%). Twenty two dogs were treated with short-acting insulin (regular or lispro) and one with intermediate-acting (lente) insulin, whereas intravenous fluid therapy was instituted in 78% of them with potassium and phosphorus supplementation in 65% and 9%, respectively. Seventeen (81%) dogs survived to be discharged, three (13%) died during hospitalization, one (4%) was euthanized and on two (9%) occasions owners declined hospitalization after the first 24 hours due to financial constrains or a poor prognosis. Mean duration of hospitalization for the survivors was 5.7 ± 2.4 days, mean time to resolution of ketonuria was 4.2 ± 1.9 days and median time of rapid–acting insulin administration was 4 days (range 2-8 days).

Feline primary hyperaldosteronism: an emerging endocrine disease

ABSTRACT: The primary hyperaldosteronism, an endocrine disease increasingly identified in cats, is characterized by adrenal gland dysfunction that interferes with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, triggering the hypersecretion of aldosterone. Pathophysiological consequences of excessive aldosterone secretion are related to increased sodium and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium, which induce hypertension and severe hypokalemia, respectively. The most common clinical findings in cats include: polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, generalized weakness, neck ventroflexion, syncope, anorexia, weight loss, pendulous abdomen and blindness. Diagnosis is based on the evidence of hormonal hypersecretion with suppression of renin release, imaging and histopathological evaluation of adrenal glands. Treatment may be curative with adrenalectomy, in cases of unilateral disease, or conservative, through administration of aldosterone antagonists, potassium supplementation and antihypertensives. Prognosis varies from fair to good with the appropriate therapy. This article reviews the main aspects of primary aldosteronism in cats, providing the clinician with important information for the diagnosis of this disease.

Pathological study of Hepatic coccidiosis in naturally infected rabbits

Thirty young domesticated rabbits (age 2-2.5 mo) of sexes showed clinical signs of anorexia, debilitation, diarrhea, icterus, rough hair coat and pendulous abdomen with hepatomegaly. Fecal samples were collected for demonstrated the presence of oocysts. Postmortem examination revealed the presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 2 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma containing a thick creamy white fluid. The histopathological changes showed biliary hyperplasia with different developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae in the epithelial cells, cholangitis and peribiliary fibrosis with newly formed bile ductules, severe congestion, and dilation of central veins and sinusoids with disruption hemorrhagic areas. The hepatocytes showed degenerative changes to necrosis with areas of fibrosis and mononuclear cell aggregation, obstructive jaundice and a tendency to form oocyst granuloma. In conclusion hepatic coccidiosis lead to severe pathological changes both in bile ducts and liver parenchyma especially in young animals.