scholarly journals Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
D. KASABALIS (Δ. ΚΑΣΑΜΠΑΛΗΣ) ◽  
T. P. CHOUZOURIS (Τ.Π. ΧΟΥΖΟΥΡΗΣ) ◽  
D. T. TIMIOU (Δ.Τ. ΤΙΜΙΟΥ) ◽  
D. P. TSELEKIS (Δ.Π. ΤΣΕΛΕΚΗΣ) ◽  
N. SOUBASIS (Ν. ΣΟΥΜΠΑΣΗΣ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diabetic Ketosis ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Pendulous Abdomen ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Tract Infections

The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the historical and clinical findings, the clinicopathological abnormalities, the occurrence and nature of concurrent diseases, the treatment and outcome of 23 dogs with diabetic ketosisketoacidosis (DK-DKA). Inclusion criteria consisted of the presence of clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus (DM) along with persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. In nineteen dogs (83%) DM had not been previously diagnosed. Common presenting complaints were polyuria/polydipsia (100%), partial or complete loss of appetite (87%), depression (87%), vomiting (65 %) and weight loss (30 %). The most frequent physical examination findings included dehydration (61%), depression (61%), hypotrichosis-alopecia (39%), palpable cranial abdominal organomegaly (26%), pendulous abdomen (26%), lesions compatible with superficial pyoderma (17%), thin and hypotonic abdominal skin (17%), and hypothermia (17%). The most important clinicopathological abnormalities, apart from hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria, included anemia (48%), leukocytosis (39%), increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (100%), lipase (56%) and alanine aminotransferase (52%), hypertriglyceridemia (90%) and hypercholesterolemia (84%). Also, 12 dogs demonstrated hypokalemia on admission or during hospitalization. A concurrent disease was identified in 74% of the cases while 26% had two or more comorbidities. The latter included pancreatitis (30%), urinary tract infections (17%), superficial pyoderma (17%), urolithiasis (13%) and hyperadrenocorticism (13%). Twenty two dogs were treated with short-acting insulin (regular or lispro) and one with intermediate-acting (lente) insulin, whereas intravenous fluid therapy was instituted in 78% of them with potassium and phosphorus supplementation in 65% and 9%, respectively. Seventeen (81%) dogs survived to be discharged, three (13%) died during hospitalization, one (4%) was euthanized and on two (9%) occasions owners declined hospitalization after the first 24 hours due to financial constrains or a poor prognosis. Mean duration of hospitalization for the survivors was 5.7 ± 2.4 days, mean time to resolution of ketonuria was 4.2 ± 1.9 days and median time of rapid–acting insulin administration was 4 days (range 2-8 days).

scholarly journals Infections of the Urinary Tract of Bacterial Origin in Dogs and Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
T. Kocúreková ◽  
J. Koščová ◽  
V. Hajdučková
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Animal Medicine ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract The diseases of the urinary tract in small animal medicine, especially in dogs and cats, occur frequently with different etiologies. The most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacteria which enter upwards through the urethral opening. UTIs occur in hosts with compromised defence mechanisms in which the virulent microbes can adhere, multiply and persist in the urinary tract. In addition to bacteria, also viruses or fungi may infect the urinary tracts. Bacterial infection can develop in the upper (kidneys and ureters) or lower (bladder, urethra) urinary tract and are manifested by various clinical signs such as: frequent or difficult and painful urination, presence of blood in the urine, or its foul odour. The symptoms in sick animals are often accompanied by fever, discomfort, and loss of appetite. The UTIs in dogs and cats are caused by both Gram-negative (e. g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.) and Gram-positive (e. g. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp.) bacteria. The properly performed aseptic sampling of the urine is one of the most important steps in bacteriological diagnostics. In this study, 105 urine samples were collected from dogs and cats. The cultivation, microscopy and biochemical examinations were used for species identification. Finally, the bacteriological examination included also determining the susceptibility of pathogens against antibiotics by the disc-diffusion method. The results were processed and expressed as a percentage according to identified pathogens, animal species, sex, breed and age. The uropathogens were diagnosed mainly in males aged 7—10 years. The most commonly identified pathogens were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Tests of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics showed that enrofloxacin, cefotaxime, and cephazolin were the most effective against uropathogens.

scholarly journals CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS WITH THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF PARASITIC BOTTLE JAW SYNDROME IN CALVES

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
KA Hossain ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
AA Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Rate Loss

This study was conducted to study the etiology, clinical findings and therapeutic management of bottle jaw affected calves, which were brought for treatment at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinic during the period from July to December 2002. During this period, a total of 15 bottle jaw affected calves of either sex and aged between 6 to 12 months were selected and utilized for this study. Parasitological examination of the faeces samples of each of the 15 calves showed significantly higher incidence of mixed (80%) than single type of gastrointestinal helminth infection. Of the 15 calves examined, of which 13 (86.67%) calves were affected with Fasciola gigantica, 10 (66.67%) with Paramphistomum sp. and 7 (46.67%) calves with gastrointestinal nematodes. The highest infection rate was found with Fasciola gigantica and lowest with gastro-intestinal nematodes. History and clinical examination of these calves revealed malnutrition and the clinical signs recorded were normal rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rate, loss of appetite (66.67%), rough hair coat (80.00%), pale conjunctival mucosa (86.67%), dehydration (100%), loss of body condition (100%), weakness (80%), dullness (46.67%), depression (60%), pot-belly (40%) and diarrhea (86.67%). The Tetranid® (tetramisole plus oxyclozanide) was found to be highly effective against both the flukes and gastrointestinal nematodes. Fenbendazole (Peraclear®, Techno Drugs) was highly effective against gastrointestinal nematodes which were associated with bottle jaw in calves. Treatment with anthelmintics followed by hematinic drugs resulted 100% recovery of parasitic bottle jaw cases in calves within 28th day of treatment. Therefore, bottle jaw syndrome in calves, caused by gastro-intestinal helminths, could be successfully treated with anthelmintics with supportive treatment with any effective haematinic drugs.

scholarly journals Identification and phylogenetic analysis of clade C Avipoxvirus in a fowlpox outbreak in exotic psittacines in southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurete Murer ◽  
Moisés Westenhofen ◽  
Glaucia D. Kommers ◽  
Thales Q. Furian ◽  
Karen A. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Skin Loss ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Fowlpox is one of the oldest diseases reported in birds. The causative genus Avipoxvirus affects ~232 domestic and wild species. We present herein the history, clinical findings, and macroscopic and histologic lesions caused by a clade C poxvirus in an exotic psittacine breeding colony in southern Brazil. Clinical signs included yellow nodular lesions at the commissure of the beak and on the periocular skin, loss of appetite, and death. Fifty birds were autopsied, and fragments of periocular skin, tongue, and trachea were examined histologically, which revealed hyperkeratosis associated with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Tracheal fragments and periocular skin were subjected to nested PCR and phylogenetic analyses. The sequenced strain showed 99.58% identity with the nucleotide sequences of Avipoxvirus strains AY53011, KC018069, AM050383, and AM05382 isolated from birds in Germany, United States, and United Kingdom. The strain was grouped under clade C, which represents isolates exclusively from the Psittacidae family. The infection caused by clade C Avipoxvirus in the exotic psittacines examined ( Platycercus sp. and Psephotus haematonotus) demonstrates the circulation of this clade in this breeding colony.

scholarly journals Addition of a single short-acting insulin bolus to basal insulin-supported oral therapy: a systematic review of data on the basal-plus regimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Seufert ◽  
Anja Borck ◽  
Peter Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Insulin Regimen ◽  
Premixed Insulin ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin ◽  
Basal Bolus

We summarize here clinical and trial data on a once-daily administration of a single bolus to the meal with the largest expected postprandial glucose excursion (basal-plus), and comment on its clinical utility in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. A PubMed search of data published until September 2018 was taken into consideration and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Eighteen reports representing 15 studies were identified (age: 18–80 years; 50–890 patients; follow-up: 8 days to 60 weeks). Data suggest basal-plus is efficacious for improving glycemic control, with a low incidence of (severe) hypoglycemia and minor increases in bodyweight. The timing of short-acting insulin administration and use of different monitoring/titration approaches appear to have minimal impact. When compared with premixed insulin, basal-plus results in largely comparable outcomes. Compared with basal-bolus, it may result in non-inferior glycemic improvements with less weight gain, less hypoglycemia and fewer daily injections. A basal insulin/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist fixed ratio combination may offer several advantages over the basal-plus regimen, at the cost of gastrointestinal side effects. We conclude that the stepwise introduction of short-acting insulin via the basal-plus strategy represents a viable alternative to a full basal-bolus regimen and may help to overcome barriers associated with multiple injections and anticipated complexity of the insulin regimen.

scholarly journals A Wasteful and Harmful Practice: Sliding Scale Insulin Use Among Nursing Home Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lam ◽  
Siqi Gan ◽  
Bocheng Jing ◽  
Brian Nguyen ◽  
Sei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
Insulin Use ◽  
Variable Dose

Abstract The American Medical Directors Association and the American Diabetes Association discourage the use of sliding scale insulin (SSI) in nursing home residents with diabetes due to its association with hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, nursing burden, and patient discomfort. However, prevalence of SSI use is unclear. We used Veterans Affairs (VA) data from October 2013 to September 2016 to determine the weekly prevalence of SSI among 22,847 veterans with diabetes admitted to VA nursing homes (NHs). Average age was 75.3 (SD 8.3) years, mean A1c was 7.3% (SD 1.6%) and 57% were admitted from hospital. We first identified residents receiving any short-acting insulin. We then classified short-acting insulin use into three mutually exclusive regimens: (1) fixed scheduled doses, (2) SSI, defined as a variable dose of short-acting insulin without a concurrent fixed dose or (3) bolus with correction (BWC), defined as a variable dose given concurrently with a fixed dose that day. During the first week of NH admission, 64.7% of residents with diabetes received no short-acting insulin, 7.4% received fixed scheduled doses, 6.3% received BWC and 21.4% were on SSI. At week 12, the prevalence of fixed dose and BWC regimens was unchanged from baseline (fixed dose = 8.4%; BWC = 7.0%). In contrast, the prevalence of SSI decreased weekly to 15.8% (p for linear trend < 0.0001). Although SSI prevalence decreased from week 1 to week 12, 51% of residents on short-acting insulin were still using SSI in their 12th week of their NH stay.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of immunocompromised patients infected with Pneumocystis jirovecii in a twelve-year retrospective study from Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Grønseth ◽  
Tormod Rogne ◽  
Raisa Hannula ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Jan Egil Afset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms

Abstract Background Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) severely menaces modern chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Detailed description of the epidemiology of Pneumocystis jirovecii today is needed to identify candidates for PCP-prophylaxis. Methods We performed a 12-year retrospective study of patients with P. jirovecii detected by polymerase chain reaction in Central Norway. In total, 297 patients were included. Comprehensive biological, clinical and epidemiological data were abstracted from patients’ medical records. Regional incidence rates and testing trends were also assessed. Results From 2007 to 2017 we found a 3.3-fold increase in testing for P. jirovecii accompanied by a 1.8-fold increase in positive results. Simultaneously, regional incidence rates doubled from 5.0 cases per 100,000 person years to 10.8. A majority of the study population had predisposing conditions other than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Hematological (36.0%) and solid cancers (25.3%) dominated. Preceding corticosteroids were a common denominator for 72.1%. Most patients (74.4%) presented with at least two cardinal symptoms; cough, dyspnea or fever. Main clinical findings were hypoxia, cytopenias and radiological features consistent with PCP. A total of 88 (29.6%) patients required intensive care and 121 (40.7%) suffered at least one complication. In-hospital mortality was 21.5%. Three patients (1.0%) had received prophylaxis. Conclusions P. jirovecii is re-emerging; likely due to increasing immunosuppressants use. This opportunistic pathogen threatens the life of heterogenous non-HIV immunosuppressed populations currently at growth. Corticosteroids seem to be a major risk factor. A strategy to increase prophylaxis is called for.

Insulin infusion therapy in critical care patients: Regular insulin vs short-acting insulin. A prospective, crossover, randomized, multicenter blind study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 437.e1-437.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Bilotta ◽  
Rafael Badenes ◽  
Simona Lolli ◽  
Francisco Javier Belda ◽  
Sharon Einav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin ◽  
Critical Care Patients

New insulins (June 10, 1966, p. 45) - corrections

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Keyword(s):  
Short Acting ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin ◽  
Long Acting

This article stated that Actrapid and Nuso insulins can be mixed with protamine zinc insulin and other long-acting insulins. This is true, but we should have made it clear that in such a mixture the time-action characteristics of its components are likely to be altered, for some of the short-acting insulin is probably bound by the long-acting one.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document