scholarly journals Dilated cardiomyopathy with endocardial fibroelastosis in a juvenile Pallas cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin K. Gudenschwager ◽  
Jonathan A. Abbott ◽  
Tanya LeRoith
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Endocardial Fibroelastosis ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Cardiac Lesions ◽  
Coronary Blood Vessels

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by ventricular chamber dilation associated with systolic myocardial dysfunction in the absence of other cardiac lesions. DCM occasionally develops in conjunction with proliferation of fibroelastic fibers in the endocardium, producing endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). Although early reports describe EFE as a primary disease, evidence now suggests that EFE may develop as a response to myocardial dysfunction. Echocardiographic evaluation of a 4-wk-old Pallas cat ( Otocolobus manul) with respiratory distress revealed enlargement of both atria, enlarged end-systolic left ventricular dimension, and left ventricular dilation. DCM was diagnosed, and the cat was euthanized, given the poor prognosis. Postmortem examination revealed pericardial effusion and biventricular and biatrial enlargement. The interventricular septum and free walls of ventricles were thin. Histologically, the endocardium of the left and right ventricles was diffusely thickened; Verhoeff–Van Gieson staining of the left ventricular endocardium revealed a moderate amount of endocardial accumulation of elastin and collagen. These fibers were more prominent in papillary muscles and around coronary blood vessels. Based on these findings, we diagnosed DCM with EFE. Cardiac diseases are rarely diagnosed in wild felids.

scholarly journals Myocardial velocities obtained by pulsed tissue Doppler in English Cocker Spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 851-856
Author(s):  
Guilherme G. Pereira ◽  
Guilherme T. Goldfeder ◽  
Fernanda L. Yamaki ◽  
Valéria M.C. Oliveira ◽  
Maria Helena M.A. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Group Reduction

Abstract: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by systolic myocardial dysfunction which is identified by low myocardial velocities obtained by pulsed tissue Doppler (PTD). However, increased preload is known to increase myocardial velocities which could overestimate myocardial function and turn dysfunction characterization into a challenge in dogs with DCM and congestive heart failure. To test the hypothesis that increased preload could hamper identification of low myocardial velocities in dogs with DCM and congestive heart failure the present study prospectively evaluated 32 English Cocker Spaniel dogs, being 16 with clinical DCM and 16 healthy for control purpose. The PTD analysis of regional velocities were performed in both longitudinal and radial myocardial displacements and systolic (Sm), early (Em) and late diastolic (Am) velocities were obtained in left ventricular free wall (LVFW) and interventricular septum (IVS). Peak radial subendocardial and subepicardial Sm velocities were lower in DCM group compared to control (0.065±0.018 vs. 0.102±0.020m/s and 0.059±0.014 vs. 0.094±0.025m/s respectively; p<0.001). Peak longitudinal Sm velocities were lower in basal and medial portions of LVFW (0.093±0.034 vs. 0.155±0.034m/s and 0.091±0.033 vs. 0.134±0.037m/s respectively; p<0.001) and IVS (0.063±0.021 vs. 0.136±0.039 and 0.066±0.026 vs. 0.104±0.032m/s respectively; p<0.001). Most of diastolic velocities were not significantly different between groups, although advanced myocardial disease and dysfunction are expected in DCM group. Reduction in systolic basal and medial longitudinal myocardial velocities and in radial myocardial velocities was the most significant PTD findings. Increased preload did not represent a problem to evaluate systolic dysfunction by PTD in English Cocker Spaniels with DCM, but influence of preload on assessment of diastolic velocities should be better elucidated.

Significance of the echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial myocardial strain for early diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
E. K. Serezhina ◽  
A. G. Obrezan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation

This systematic review is based on 19 studies from Elsevier, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, which were found by the following keywords: LA strain (left atrial strain), STE (speckle tracking echocardiography), HF (heart failure), and HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction). The review focuses on results and conclusions of studies on using the 2D echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial (LA) myocardial strain for early diagnosis of HFpEF in routine clinical practice. Analysis of the studies included into this review showed a significant decline of all LA functions in patients with HFpEF. Also, multiple studies have reported associations between decreased indexes of LA strain and old age, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, left and right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and LV diastolic dysfunction. Thus, the review indicates significant possibilities of using indexes of LA strain in evaluation of early stages of both systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction. Notably, LA functional systolic and diastolic indexes are not sufficiently studied despite their growing significance for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HFpEF. For this reason, in addition to existing models for risk stratification in this disease, including clinical characteristics and/or echocardiographic data, future studies should focus on these parameters. 

scholarly journals Survival and echocardiographic evaluation of dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with carvedilol

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Soares ◽  
G.G. Pereira ◽  
L.C. Petrus ◽  
M. Leomil Neto ◽  
F.L. Yamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Group B

Sixty dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were randomly treated with traditional therapy - digitalis, diuretics, angiotensin-converting inhibitors - (group A) or treated with these drugs plus carvedilol (group B). Echocardiographic variables were measured before and after 3, 13, 26, and 52 weeks of treatment or until death. Comparisons between groups and time were performed. No significant differences between groups were found in the most of the echocardiographic variables. The left ventricular end-systolic diameter indexed to body surface area (LVESDi) increased significantly in the group A dogs compared to the group B animals. The survival of groups A and B dogs were not different (P-value=0.1137). In conclusion, the stability of the LVESDi observed in the group treated with carvedilol may represent the beneficial effect over the ventricular remodeling.

scholarly journals An Echocardiographic Evaluation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (215) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Thapa ◽  
Kanchan K.C ◽  
Rishi Khatri ◽  
Devendra Khatri ◽  
Rajeeb Kumar Deo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Cardiomyopathies are diseases of heart muscle that may originate from genetic defects, cardiac myocyte injury or infiltration of myocardial tissues. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common phenotype and is often a final common pathway of numerous cardiac insults. Mostly it remains unknown in the absence of echocardiography, histopathology and genetic evaluation. Though common it is underdiagnosed with not much of data available in our setup.Methods: This study was analytical cross-sectional study of hospital data on Echocardiographic findings in 65 patients of DCM visiting cardiology unit for Echocardiographic evaluation from 1st of February to 31st July 2018 for the period of six months in Shree Birendra Hospital, a tertiary care military hospital at Chhauni, Kathmandu. Pediatric age group patients and those who refused to give consent were excluded. Data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by IBM SPSS 21.Results: Among 65 patients enrolled 40 (61%) were male and 25 (39%) female with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Elderly people (61-75 years) with an average age of 65 were commonly involved and they presented mostly with congestive heart failure, 32 (49%). Echocardiographic evaluation showed 36 (55%) with mildly dilated Left Ventricle (5.6-6.0cm). Majority had reduced Left ventricular systolic function with an average Ejection fraction (EF) of 39.6%. No significant difference between male and female with the average EF% (P=0.990) and there was no significant relation between age and average EF% (P=0.091).Conclusions: Dilated Cardiomyopathy is the commonest cardiomyopathy phenotype mostly presenting with congestive heart failure. It is often underdiagnosed in our part of the world, however echocardiography will easily detect the condition. Keywords: dilated cardiomyopathy; echocardiography; ejection fraction; left ventricle.

Characterization of Cardiac Diseases in Dogs Prevalent in Indian Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yadav ◽  
T. Kumar ◽  
N. Sindhu ◽  
D. Agnihotri ◽  
C. Jajoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Atrial Enlargement

Background: Cardiac diseases defined as structural, functional, mechanical and electrical abnormality of heart. Characterization of different cardiac diseases in dogs prevalent in North Indian conditions is least studied. Methods: Out of total 2582 registered dogs, 41 were suspected for cardiac diseases based on clinical signs. Further confirmation and characterization was done by electrocardiography, radiography, echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS 23. Result: Present study inferred, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as the most prevalent cardiac affection. Left ventricular dilation, interventricular septum thinning, increased E point septal separation and left atrial enlargement were characteristic echocardiographic indices in DCM. Echocardiographic indices in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were increased interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall and reduced left ventricular lumen. Labrador retriever found to be most predisposed breed for DCM while Rottweiler reported to be most affected with pericardial effusion. Cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) was statistically (p less than 0.05) increased in all cardiac categories with cut off value above 92 ng/l indicating cardiac affection, while Lactate dehydrogenase serve as screening biochemical marker with significant increase in all the cardiac cases ranging from 291 IU/l to 586.4 IU/l.

Procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide: a serum biomarker of left ventricular remodelling in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth D. Kaufman ◽  
Nancy Videon ◽  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
Matthew A. Harris ◽  
Robert E. Shaddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Remodelling ◽  
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Procollagen Type ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractBackgroundProcollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide is a collagen III cleavage product released in blood. The serum levels of this propeptide in adults with dilated cardiomyopathy are associated with cardiac remodelling and prognosis. The utility of procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide as a biomarker in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal study of children with dilated cardiomyopathy and changes in procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide. The serum level of propeptide was measured serially, compared with paediatric normal values, and correlated with clinical status and left ventricular size and function on echocardiograms and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsProcollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide was measured serially in 149 samples from 39 patients, age 9.0±6.4 years, followed up for 16.8±16.3 months. Procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide in dilated cardiomyopathy was higher than in normal children. On multivariate analyses, procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide had a positive correlation with left ventricular dilation, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter index (p<0.0001), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter Z-score (p=0.0003), and a negative correlation with shortening fraction changes over time (p=0.001). Patients with myocarditis (n=12) had higher procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide values than those with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n=20).ConclusionsProcollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide increases with left ventricular dilation and decreases with improvement in systolic function in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy, indicating a role as a biomarker of cardiac remodelling in children. The diagnostic utility of procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide to differentiate myocarditis from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial CaMKII causes metabolic reprogramming, energetic insufficiency, and dilated cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Luczak ◽  
Yuejin Wu ◽  
Jonathan M. Granger ◽  
Mei-ling A. Joiner ◽  
Nicholas R. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Calmodulin Kinase ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Myocardial Energetics ◽  
Camkii Activation

AbstractDespite the clear association between myocardial injury, heart failure and depressed myocardial energetics, little is known about upstream signals responsible for remodeling myocardial metabolism after pathological stress. We found increased mitochondrial calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activation and left ventricular dilation in mice one week after myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. In contrast, mice with genetic mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition were protected from left ventricular dilation and dysfunction after MI. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial CaMKII over-expression (mtCaMKII) had severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased ATP that caused elevated cytoplasmic resting (diastolic) Ca2+ concentration and reduced mechanical performance. We mapped a metabolic pathway that allowed us to rescue disease phenotypes in mtCaMKII mice, providing new insights into physiological and pathological metabolic consequences of CaMKII signaling in mitochondria. Our findings suggest myocardial dilation, a disease phenotype lacking specific therapies, can be prevented by targeted replacement of mitochondrial creatine kinase, or mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition.

Correlations between B-type natriuretic peptide levels and nongeometric echocardiographic parameters in pediatric cardiomyopathies

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Krisztina Kádár ◽  
Anna Zsuzsa Bagoly ◽  
Zita Sikos
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters

Introduction: B-type natriuretic peptide is a conventional cardiac biomarker in adult cardiology, however, it is not commonly used in pediatric cases. Aims: After introducing B-type natriuretic peptide measurements in pediatric patients for the evaluation of systemic right ventricular function, the authors wanted to evaluate the value of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide and compare the results with systolic and diastolic myocardial parameters obtained with conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in children with cardiomyopathy. Methods: Between 2007 and 2010, 58 plasma B-type natriuretic peptide measurements were performed in 32 children (dilated cardiomyopathy in 20, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 10 and non-compacted cardiomyopathy in 2 cases). The age of the patients was 7.9±6.6 years (mean±SD). Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide was measured using an electrochemiluminescent assay within one day from echocardiographic evaluation. Results: As compared to normal values, children with the 3 types of cardiomyopathies showed significant differences in plasma B-type natriutretic peptide levels (dilated cardiomyopathy vs normal, p<0.001; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy vs. normal, p<0.01; non-compacted cardiomyopathy vs. normal, p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation (r = –0,63; p<0,01) between B-type natriuretic peptide levels (range, 12–7002 ng/L; mean±SD, 1531±1750 ng/L) and linEF values (range, 4–50%; mean±SD, 22.5±13%). For B-type natriuteric peptide, a cut-off point of 1000 ng/L proved to differentiate significantly decreased linEF values (<17%). B-type natriuretic peptide levels significantly correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (r = 0.899; p<0.001), with left ventricular anular S wave parameters (r = 0.689; p<0.001) and with E/e ratio (r = 0.43; p<0.05). Conclusions: B-type natriuretic peptide measurements are recommended in all types of cardiomyopathies. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 409–414.

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