Design and experimental study of rotary-type energy harvester

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. 1594-1603
Author(s):  
Tejkaran Narolia ◽  
Vijay K Gupta ◽  
IA Parinov
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Rotary Type

A rotary-type energy harvester for the applications having space restrictions has been designed and developed to harvest the energy from rotary motion system. The rotation kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy through a lead zirconate titanate patch, which is strained by magnetic force. Most of the researchers used d31 mode of the piezoelectric material of such conversion. Some researchers have explored d33 mode harvester with piezo patch along the circumferential direction. In this article, d33 mode of harvesting with radial direction piezo patch has been proposed. Mathematical and finite element models are developed to calculate the harvested energy. The results are experimentally verified. The average output power of 14.48 nW is generated corresponding to the magnetic force of 0.3126 N and rotational speed of 2100 r/min. The results from the mathematical and finite element models are observed to be consistent with the experimental results. Such harvester will be useful for the applications having space limitations such as self-power generation in an artillery shell and rotary projectile.

A human heartbeat frequencies based 2-DOF piezoelectric energy harvester for pacemaker application

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hygin Davidson Mayekol Mayck ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Rashad Fath El-Bab ◽  
Evan Murimi ◽  
Pierre Moukala Mpele
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Secondary Beam ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Self Powered

Abstract In the last decade, piezoelectric energy harvesters have received a significant attention from the scientific community. This comes along with the need of developing self-powered devices such as medical implant to reduce the cost and risk of surgery. This paper investigates a two degree of freedom (2-DOF) piezoelectric energy harvester device to be integrated into a pacemaker. The 2-DOF is designed as a cut-out beam with a secondary beam cut into a primary one. The system is developed to operate in the frequency range of 0–2 Hz, with an acceleration of 1 g (9.8 m/s2) to match the heartbeat frequencies (1–1.67 Hz). The system uses a Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) and a Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) as lead beam to compensate the brittleness of PZT. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to model and analyze the resonant frequencies of the system, and the stress in the piezoelectric beam. The proposed device has a compact volume of 26 × 11.58 × 0.41 mm, which can fit perfectly in a pacemaker whose battery volume has been reduced by 50%. The output voltage and power are determined through analytical calculus using Matlab. Typical pacemakers require 1 μW to operate. Thus, with a peak power of 30.97 μW at 1.5 Hz and an average output power of 11.05 μW observed from 0.9 to 1.7 Hz, the harvester can power a pacemaker. It is assumed that the energy harvester could extend its life time for 5–10 more years. Furthermore, the harvester operates at extremely low frequency and produces reasonable power, making it suitable for biomedical devices.

Relationships Between Microstructure and Reliability in Pzt Mems

2001 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.W. Olson ◽  
L.M. Randall ◽  
C.D. Richards ◽  
R.F. Richards ◽  
D.F. Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Bulge Testing ◽  
Sol Gel Process

ABSTRACTPiezoelectric oxide films, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), are now being integrated into MEMS applications. Many PZT derived systems are deposited using a sol-gel process, which can be used in a microelectronics processing route using spin coating as the deposition method. An application of interest for PZT films is in power generation, where a flexing membrane is used to transform mechanical to electrical energy. The current study was undertaken to identify the relationships between the processing, microstructure, and mechanical reliability of these films. Films were deposited onto both monolithic and bulk micromachined platinized silicon wafers using standard sol-gel chemistries, with roughness and grain size tracked using electron and scanning probe microscopy. Mechanical properties were evaluated in a dynamic bulge testing apparatus. Grain size variations in the Pt film between 35 and 125 nm are shown to have little effect on grain size of the subsequent PZT film and the adhesion of the PZT to the Pt film. Only the Pt film with 125 nm grains was shown to undergo any significant interfacial fracture. Fatigue tests suggest film lifetime is primarily limited by the number of pre- existing flaws in the film from processing. Reducing the microcrack density has been shown to produce films and devices that fail at strains of 1.4% and have mechanical fatigue lifetimes in excess of 100 million cycles at strains simulating the operating conditions.

scholarly journals Hollow Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers for Energy Harvesting Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800
Author(s):  
François M. Guillot ◽  
Haskell W. Beckham ◽  
Johannes Leisen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Electromechanical Performance ◽  
Alternative Power

In the past few years, the growing need for alternative power sources has generated considerable interest in the field of energy harvesting. A particularly exciting possibility within that field is the development of fabrics capable of harnessing mechanical energy and delivering electrical power to sensors and wearable devices. This study presents an evaluation of the electromechanical performance of hollow lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers as the basis for the construction of such fabrics. The fibers feature individual polymer claddings surrounding electrodes directly deposited onto both inside and outside ceramic surfaces. This configuration optimizes the amount of electrical energy available by placing the electrodes in direct contact with the surface of the material and by maximizing the active piezoelectric volume. Hollow fibers were electroded, encapsulated in a polymer cladding, poled and characterized in terms of their electromechanical properties. They were then glued to a vibrating cantilever beam equipped with a strain gauge, and their energy harvesting performance was measured. It was found that the fibers generated twice as much energy density as commercial state-of-the-art flexible composite sensors. Finally, the influence of the polymer cladding on the strain transmission to the fiber was evaluated. These fibers have the potential to be woven into fabrics that could harvest mechanical energy from the environment and could eventually be integrated into clothing.

Residual Stress Control to Optimize Pzt Mems Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Kennedy ◽  
D.F. Bahr ◽  
C.D. Richards ◽  
R.F. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Pzt Film ◽  
Bulge Testing

ABSTRACTFlexing piezoelectric membranes can be used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. The overall deflection of individual membranes is impacted by the residual stress in the system. Membranes comprised of silicon dioxide, Ti/Pt, lead- zirconate- titanate (PZT), and TiW/Au layers deposited on a micromachined boron doped silicon wafer were examined for both morphology and residual stress. By characterizing the membrane residual stress induced during processing with x-ray diffraction, wafer curvature, and bulge testing and identifying methods to reduce stress, the membrane performance and reliability can be optimized. For Zr:Ti ratios of 52:48, the residual stress in the PZT was 350 MPa tensile, with an overall effective stress in the composite membrane of 150 MPa. A reduction of stress was accomplished by changing the PZT chemistry to 40:60 Zr:Ti in the PZT to obtain a stress in the PZT of 160 MPa tensile and an overall effective membrane stress of 100 MPa. The crystallization of the 52:48 PZT film at 700 °C causes a 28% reduction in the thickness of the film.

EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL AND FINITE ELEMENT MODELING ON PIEZOELECTRIC CANTILEVER BIMORPH ENERGY HARVESTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Keith A. Williams ◽  
Zhengchao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modeling ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Element Modeling ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever

Harvesting the electrical energy from their working environment has become a feasible choice of realizing self-powered systems or providing supplementary power sources to the battery. In this paper, a pre-loaded piezoelectric cantilever bimorph (PCB) energy harvester is adopted as the research object, for which a single degree-of-freedom analytical model and finite element modeling have been carried out to study its dynamic responses. The laboratory experiments have also been performed to validate the analytical and the finite element modeling. It shows that finite element modeling has a better agreement with the experimental results than the analytical model, while the latter has a rough accuracy and can be used to obtain quick estimations of the dynamic response of the PCB energy harvester in certain cases.

Electromechanical Behavior in Micromachined Piezoelectric Membranes

2003 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Robinson ◽  
J. C. Raupp ◽  
I. Demir ◽  
C. D. Richards ◽  
R. F. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Nanoscale Systems ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Electromechanical Behavior ◽  
Stressed Layer ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Electrode Coverage

ABSTRACTPiezoelectric materials can convert mechanical and electrical energy, a particularly useful tool in developing micro and nanoscale systems. Characterizing the electromechanical behavior is essential to the design and optimization of the material's and device's performance. This paper examines the influence of boundary (clamping) conditions, relative thickness variations between the active one to two micron thick piezoelectric membrane and underlying passive support structure, and the electrode coverage on the electromechanical behavior. Membranes were fabricated with silicon and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with a ratio of Zr to Ti of 40:60 that provide thickness ratios between 1:2 and 2:1 by depositing the PZT using sequential solution deposition. PZT films contain a tensile stress that accumulates during processing, therefore a compressive stressed layer of tungsten was sputtered on bulk micromachined membranes to produce a near zero net residual stress. A nonlinear finite element numerical simulation technique is utilized for the analysis of the composite thin film. A comparison between the behavioral trends determined by simulation and experimental methods will be discussed.

Fabrication and Characterization of a Lead Zirconate Titanate Micro Energy Harvester Based on Eutectic Bonding

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 068103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Gui Li ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Chun-Sheng Yang ◽  
Jing-Quan Liu ◽  
Susumu Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Eutectic Bonding ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

Experimental, analytical, and finite element analyses of nanoindentation of multilayer PZT/Pt/SiO2 thin film systems on silicon wafers

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chima-Okereke ◽  
A.J. Bushby ◽  
M.J. Reece ◽  
R.W. Whatmore ◽  
Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multilayer Systems ◽  
Sio2 Thin Film ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

The mechanical properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) multilayer systems are needed to model and design micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Nanoindentation is a promising tool for obtaining the elastic properties of thin films. However, no means exist to obtain the elastic modulus of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) in the multilayer system. The indentation modulus versus a/t behavior of the multilayered PZT/Pt/SiO2 film system on a silicon substrate was investigated and compared with finite element models and a new analytical solution. Six different PZT film thicknesses were indented (100, 140, 400, 700, 1500, and 2000 nm), using 5-, 10-, and 20-μm radius indenters. Good agreement was shown between the finite element analysis (FEA) and analytical solutions, and the experimental data. However the behavior of multilayer systems is complex, making deconvolution of properties difficult for films of less than a micron thick.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document