The Double-Edged Sword of Gender Equality

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia C. Lo ◽  
William Ash-Houchen ◽  
Heather M. Gerling
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Neighborhood Disorganization ◽  
Basic Human Needs

Objectives: While the literature confirms the applicability of routine activity/lifestyle theory in studying individual crime victimization, this study asks whether neighborhood disorganization as well as—on the level of the nation—income inequality, attitudes about gender equality, and the meeting of citizens’ basic human needs are associated with opportunity for crime and so might contribute to the explanation of victimization. The study measures demographic variables that could indicate the presence of motivated offenders and likely crime targets, as well as the absence of effective guardians. Methods: The data come from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (collected 2010–2014), from the Social Progress Index Report, and from information compiled by the World Bank. The present sample numbers 64,861 respondents, representing 46 countries. Results: The data analysis suggests that risk of victimization increases in the presence of income inequality and gender equality, and decreases where people’s basic human needs are met. The relationship between neighborhood disorganization and one employed victimization measure was found to be moderated by attitudes about gender equality. Conclusions: Further investigation of the role of opportunity and routine activity/lifestyle factors (macro- and individual-level) could improve understanding of victimization, particularly related to the complex interplay between structural and cultural predictors of victimization.

International Aid: The Next Steps

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley Seers
Keyword(s):  
International Aid ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Unit ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Human Needs

The correct starting point in the analysis of any economic unit is to pose the following three questions: What are the needs of the people? What resources are available? How adequately are these resources being mobilised for these needs ?1These questions are applicable to a continent or a country (or for that matter a county, a city, or a village); they can also be applied to the world as a whole. If they are, a picture emerges which, if it does not appal us, because it is so familiar and so easily taken for granted, would certainly astonish a visitor from another planet. The basic human needs for nourishment and for protection from the weather are not great, and the resources known to be available could, with current levels of technique, easily permit a comfortable living standard for everyone. Yet these resources are very largely unexploited or wasted, and miserable poverty is the typical human condition.

scholarly journals The Empirics of Social Progress: The Interplay between Subjective Well-Being and Societal Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fehder ◽  
Michael Porter ◽  
Scott Stern
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

Though economists have long recognized that GDP is not by itself a measure of societal well-being, most GDP alternatives incorporate direct measures of economic performance. We propose instead an independently constructed measure, a social progress index, focusing exclusively on noneconomic dimensions of societal performance, highlighting three core dimensions—basic human needs, foundations of well-being, and opportunity. GDP and social progress are correlated but distinct, the social progress dimension least related to GDP (opportunity) is strongly related to subjective well-being, and the relationship between social progress and well-being is greater for individuals at lower relative income and educational attainment.

2.  Wild Wild East: The Animal as Oriental

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pansee Atta
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Cultural Hybridity ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Human Needs

Horus, centaurs, werewolves, Batman...every culture has them. Fantastic animal‐human hybrids that serve as totems, symbols of basic human needs and instincts deemed socially unacceptable and projected upon anthropomorphized living animals or imagined liminal beings. This allows humans to define themselves as civilized, restrained, rational ‐ all that is not ‘animal’‐ while allowing them an imaginary, socially sanctioned context in which they can live out their hedonistic desires. Animal biology becomes a construction that allows humans to define themselves in its opposition, in other words, it is Orientalized.  The paradox is that these ‘animalistic’ traits are the closest we come to seeing that which is truly, essentially human. Norms of sexuality and violence may be culturally defined, but there is no culture that lacks a definition. Understanding ‘animal instincts’ becomes an entry point into another way of viewing the world, a means of accessing human experience, and a response to the dialogue on cultural hybridity.  

The Nairobi Manifesto, 1985*

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Impact

Today the world is in crisis. The impact of this crisis on the countries and people of the Third World has been very severe. In this context, Africa is the most affected continent as this economic crisis is aggravated by natural disasters such as drought in many parts of the continent. However, the major problems faced by Africa are external domination and the misplaced priorities of existing development strategies resulting in internal mismanagement. We note the disproportionate bias of the national budget in favor of military expenditure at the expense of basic human needs and services. Past experience has shown that the total emancipation of women and their full participation in the governance of their societies depend largely on the socio-economic and political conditions in which they live.

Goals for algorithmic genies

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Masum ◽  
Mark Tovey
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Human Needs

Algorithmic genies built from growing computational capabilities bring risks like automating well-paying jobs, yet we suggest that if supplied with suitable goals and supporting infrastructure they can help in meeting many human needs. We argue that algorithmic genies can be harnessed to raise the baseline experience of people worldwide (raising the floor), especially if such harnessing is informed by wide consensus and deep evidence. Examples show how algorithmic genies could raise the floor for widely agreed human needs like health, education, and other components of the Social Progress Index. Ensuring that both the least well off and the majority share in the benefits of progress can help to ensure the floor is raised for all (floored progress). Floored progress can apply beyond basic human needs to problems that people across the economic spectrum struggle with (shared floors). We include three tables with illustrative opportunities, and conclude by summarizing the value of raising floors individually and in concert.

Human Rights Policy: Basic Human Needs and Economic Implications for LDCs

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco E. Thoumi
Keyword(s):  
Recent Past ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Per Capita

Economic development—defined by growth of GNP per capita—among the poor countries of the world during the last 25 years has been higher than in almost any other period in mankind's history. Although this growth might have not been as high as that expected by some policy makers, the 1950-1975 period shows an overall improvement over the recent past. In spite of this apparent surge in growth, many policy makers and social scientists have shown disappointment and dismay at some characteristics of the recent increases in GNP (Morawetz, 1977).

scholarly journals Psychological Views on the Problem of Gender Equality in Ukraine and the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6 (344)) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Olesia Tovstukha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

The article describes the psychological views on the problem of gender equality in Ukraine and the world. It is determined that the concept of "gender" appeared in the socio-humanitarian knowledge of the second half of the twentieth century. as derived from the concept of "gender", and gender is a set of cultural and social characteristics that covers all areas of human activity. It is noted that there are three main directions in understanding the term: gender as a biodetermined category, gender as a socio-biological category, gender as a socio-cultural category (outlined their essence and content). The peculiarities of gender as a social institution are presented, the peculiarities of gender as a social institution are expressed through: a certain system of management of gender processes; development of own system of functioning and control of reproduction of gender values; reproduction of gender practice by generations of people; large-scale coverage of people; satisfaction of basic human needs - biovital, social and spiritual-cognitive complexes of needs of women and men; developing both common and different gender values and norms; development of its material and technical base. It is determined that modern theories of gender relations prove that social differences between men and women do not have a biological origin, are not eternally given, but only acquired, attributed to the individual by society.

scholarly journals A Human Experience (HX) Perspective on Emotional Labor and Service: Building a Service Climate on a Foundation of Authenticity and Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
David E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Climate ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Labor Dynamics ◽  
Service Building

This article seeks to broaden emotional labor research through the lens of a Human Experience (HX) perspective, in contrast to either an Employee (EX) or a Customer (CX) perspective. In services, an HX perspective explicitly acknowledges that both employees and customers are humans with the same set of basic human needs to gratify in their Moment of Truth (MOT) interactions. The focus here is on both parties’ needs for authenticity and justice. This HX perspective is applied here to guide integrating emotional labor dynamics and scholarship into a service climate research framework (Bowen and Schneider 2014). The emotional labor focus on employees helps balance the stronger focus on the customer in the service literature. An agenda for future research on the HX perspective is outlined, including the study of emotional labor in underdeveloped areas of the world where the human experience of both those who serve and those served can be unbearable.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Safety– the Ideology of the Consumer Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Eryk Pieszak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Human Needs

One of the basic human needs is safety. The article assumes that the consumer society must ful- fill this need. The aim of the analysis of scientific research on consumer society and its ideology is to try to answer the question: how is this happening? It is difficult to answer the above question clearly. It can be said, however, that a consumer- oriented market may be wrong, but it always cares about the consumer’s good. This is the basic message concerning safety that is to be provided to consumers. How does this safe world of the consumer look like? Building a safe world is a utopia. The presented sentence is not a discovery and it does not bring much. However, if there is no safe world, why is it so important and why are there areas of the world in which for many decades there have been no wars? You cannot look at all of Europe in this way. And yet the richest countries in the world are waging war not in their own territory, but going beyond it, they are guarding global security. It is sometimes difficult to say whether these activities were necessary for safety. One should rather ask what type of security we meant. Therefore, a justified question is whether in the consumer society security of financial turnover is not the most important one.

Ambivalenci Pemikiran Mahmud Syaltut tentang Fikih Perempuan

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Mahmud Arif
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The World

In general, we know about Egypt very well, because of all this time, Egypt, especially Kairo, has been viewed as one of the centers of Islamic thought in the world. Naturally this country had a lot of Islamic thinkers, like Mahmud Syaltut (d. 1963) that has become the Rector of al-Azhar University. The influence of his thought overstepped the bounds of time and political territory. The Islamic jurisprudence is an inseparable legal thought from the fulfillment of social demands. One of the evidences is its’ response to actual issues, like gender equality represented in his opinions about domestical duty, women testimony, girl marriage, and poligamy. As a thinker in the Islamic jurisprudence, Syaltut has endeavored to respond such issues, including gender. As a reformer in the turbulent time, his reflection on such matters expressed critical preference, so frequently looked different from the prevalent opinion. In one side, his reflection was “liberal” because of his bravery in stepping beyond the Islamic orthodoxy and the modernity, but in another side, his thought was “conservative”if it was viewed from his endorsement to the old Islamic thought that reflected a gender bias. This showed the uniqueness and the ambivalence of his thought, so very interesting to being studied.

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