Factors Associated With School Nurses’ Self-Efficacy in Provision of Asthma Care and Performance of Asthma Management Behaviors

2019 ◽  
pp. 105984051987886
Author(s):  
Ellen M. McCabe ◽  
Catherine McDonald ◽  
Cynthia Connolly ◽  
Terri H. Lipman
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Asthma Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Management Behaviors

Asthma is a chronic disease affecting nearly 6 million children in the United States and accounts for nearly 14 million missed school days. School nurses’ performance of asthma management behaviors (AMBs) may reduce exacerbations, thereby decreasing emergency visits and hospitalizations and increasing attendance at school. Self-efficacy can have a positive effect on AMBs. More research is needed on the interplay between environmental factors in school nurses’ work setting, self-efficacy in providing asthma care (hereafter “self-efficacy in asthma care”), and performance of AMBs. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional online survey design with practicing registered school nurses in Pennsylvania ( N = 231). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple regression. In separate models, self-efficacy in asthma care and student–nurse ratio were significantly associated with performance of AMBs. Schools and school nurses need stronger efforts to strengthen self-efficacy in asthma care, with the goal of increasing nurses’ performance of AMBs.

scholarly journals Pediatric Asthma Action Plans: National Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Parents' Perceptions

10.2196/21863 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e21863
Author(s):  
Karen H Pletta ◽  
Bradley R Kerr ◽  
Jens C Eickhoff ◽  
Gail S Allen ◽  
Sanjeev R Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Parent Perceptions ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asthma Action Plans

Background Asthma Action Plans (AAPs) are recommended for pediatric patients to help improve asthma control. Studies have shown variable results for unscheduled doctor and emergency room visits. AAPs may have an impact on parental self-efficacy for asthma management as well as on other daily living factors that are valuable for patients and families, such as the number of missed school days and parental workdays, and on school and caregiver management. Objective The purpose of this study is to understand parent perceptions of AAPs. The goals of this analysis were threefold, including examining (1) the association between pediatric AAPs and parental self-efficacy, (2) parent perceptions of the helpfulness of an AAP for daily living factors, and (3) associations with the type of provider who gave the AAP (a primary care provider or an asthma specialist). Methods A national cross-sectional online survey was completed in October 2018 by parents of children with asthma aged 0-17 years. Survey questions included the presence or absence of a pediatric AAP, the Bursch Parental Self-efficacy for Asthma scale, parental perceptions of the AAP's helpfulness with regard to daily living factors ranked on a 5-point Likert scale, and the provider type who gave the AAP. Survey responses were summarized in terms of percentages or means and standard deviations. A 2-sample t test and analysis of covariance were used to compare self-efficacy for asthma and parental-perception-of-helpfulness scores between subjects with an AAP versus subjects without an AAP. All reported P values were 2-sided. Results A total of 704 parents with a child with asthma completed the survey. The parents had a mean age of 37.5 years (SD 10.9), and 82% (577/704) were women and 18% (127/704) were men. Most (564/704, 80%) parents had an AAP for their child; 65% (367/564) were written, 51% (286/564) were online, and 84% (474/564) were available at school. The Bursch Self-efficacy scale was significantly higher for parents with an AAP (mean 57.7, SD 8.6) versus no AAP (mean 55.1, SD 9.9; P<.001). Parents reported that they agreed/strongly agreed that an AAP was helpful for daily living factors, including managing asthma (446/544, 82%), decreased parental missed workdays (367/544, 68%), decreased child missed-school days (396/542, 73%), and for when a child is at school (422/541 78%), with other caregivers (434/543, 80%), doing normal activities (421/540 78%), and leading a normal life (437/540 81%). Parents agreed/strongly agreed that an AAP was helpful from all provider types: a pediatric provider (583/704, 82.8%), a family practice provider (556/704, 79%), and an asthma specialist (594/704, 84.4%). There was no significant difference (P=.53) between the type of provider who gave the AAP. Conclusions Parents who had pediatric AAPs for their children reported increased parental self-efficacy compared to those who did not have AAPs. Parents found AAPs helpful for decreasing missed time from work and school, and for asthma management when at home, school, and with other caregivers. Significant AAP helpfulness was seen regardless of the provider who gave the AAP, the parent's education, and income level. Findings support the usefulness of pediatric AAPs for families and the development of easily sharable electronic AAPs for children.

scholarly journals Pediatric Asthma Action Plans: National Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Parents' Perceptions (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen H Pletta ◽  
Bradley R Kerr ◽  
Jens C Eickhoff ◽  
Gail S Allen ◽  
Sanjeev R Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Parent Perceptions ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asthma Action Plans

BACKGROUND Asthma Action Plans (AAPs) are recommended for pediatric patients to help improve asthma control. Studies have shown variable results for unscheduled doctor and emergency room visits. AAPs may have an impact on parental self-efficacy for asthma management as well as on other daily living factors that are valuable for patients and families, such as the number of missed school days and parental workdays, and on school and caregiver management. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to understand parent perceptions of AAPs. The goals of this analysis were threefold, including examining (1) the association between pediatric AAPs and parental self-efficacy, (2) parent perceptions of the helpfulness of an AAP for daily living factors, and (3) associations with the type of provider who gave the AAP (a primary care provider or an asthma specialist). METHODS A national cross-sectional online survey was completed in October 2018 by parents of children with asthma aged 0-17 years. Survey questions included the presence or absence of a pediatric AAP, the Bursch Parental Self-efficacy for Asthma scale, parental perceptions of the AAP's helpfulness with regard to daily living factors ranked on a 5-point Likert scale, and the provider type who gave the AAP. Survey responses were summarized in terms of percentages or means and standard deviations. A 2-sample <i>t</i> test and analysis of covariance were used to compare self-efficacy for asthma and parental-perception-of-helpfulness scores between subjects with an AAP versus subjects without an AAP. All reported <i>P</i> values were 2-sided. RESULTS A total of 704 parents with a child with asthma completed the survey. The parents had a mean age of 37.5 years (SD 10.9), and 82% (577/704) were women and 18% (127/704) were men. Most (564/704, 80%) parents had an AAP for their child; 65% (367/564) were written, 51% (286/564) were online, and 84% (474/564) were available at school. The Bursch Self-efficacy scale was significantly higher for parents with an AAP (mean 57.7, SD 8.6) versus no AAP (mean 55.1, SD 9.9; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Parents reported that they agreed/strongly agreed that an AAP was helpful for daily living factors, including managing asthma (446/544, 82%), decreased parental missed workdays (367/544, 68%), decreased child missed-school days (396/542, 73%), and for when a child is at school (422/541 78%), with other caregivers (434/543, 80%), doing normal activities (421/540 78%), and leading a normal life (437/540 81%). Parents agreed/strongly agreed that an AAP was helpful from all provider types: a pediatric provider (583/704, 82.8%), a family practice provider (556/704, 79%), and an asthma specialist (594/704, 84.4%). There was no significant difference (<i>P</i>=.53) between the type of provider who gave the AAP. CONCLUSIONS Parents who had pediatric AAPs for their children reported increased parental self-efficacy compared to those who did not have AAPs. Parents found AAPs helpful for decreasing missed time from work and school, and for asthma management when at home, school, and with other caregivers. Significant AAP helpfulness was seen regardless of the provider who gave the AAP, the parent's education, and income level. Findings support the usefulness of pediatric AAPs for families and the development of easily sharable electronic AAPs for children.

scholarly journals Psychological and Demographic Predictors of Vaping and Vaping Susceptibility in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Teah ◽  
Tamlin S. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Predictors ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

BackgroundThe use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as vaping, is becoming popular among young adults. Few studies have explored the psychological factors that predict ENDS use and susceptibility in young adults, in addition to known demographic predictors.MethodIn a cross-sectional survey design, 521 young adults (37% male), ages 18–25 from the United States, were recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in 2019, to answer an online survey measuring demographic characteristics and psychological characteristics related to mental health and the Big Five personality traits. The survey also included measures of ENDS ever-use, current use, and susceptibility (never users open to trying ENDS), which we predicted from the demographic and psychological measures using independent and multiple binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf those surveyed (n = 521), 282 (54.1%) were ENDS ever-users, 93 (17.9%) were current ENDS users, and 61 (11.7%) were ENDS susceptible; 62 (11.9%) were current smokers. Demographically, young adults lower in adulthood socioeconomic-status (SES), not pursuing education further than high school, and current smokers were more likely to be ENDS users. Psychologically, young adults higher in anxiety and lower in conscientiousness more likely to have ever-used ENDS. Lower conscientiousness further predicted current ENDS use and ENDS susceptibility.ConclusionIn this sample of MTurk workers, young adults with experience in vaping were more demographically and psychologically vulnerable than young adults with no experience in vaping. Young adults interested in vaping, but without prior experience, were less conscientious than their non-interested peers. Interventions to target vaping use should focus on economically disadvantaged young adults and those lower in conscientiousness.

School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceived Self-Efficacy in Conducting Multidimensional Treatment With Children Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172-1186
Author(s):  
Carolina Beita-Ell ◽  
Michael P. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
School Based

Purpose The purposes of this study were to examine the self-efficacy of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in conducting multidimensional treatment with children who stutter (CWS) and to identify correlates of self-efficacy in treating speech-related, social, emotional, and cognitive domains of stuttering. Method Three hundred twenty randomly selected school-based SLPs across the United States responded to an online survey that contained self-efficacy scales related to speech, social, emotional, and cognitive components of stuttering. These ratings were analyzed in relation to participants' beliefs about stuttering treatment and their comfort level in treating CWS, perceived success in therapy, and empathy levels, in addition to their academic and clinical training in fluency disorders as well as demographic information. Results Overall, SLPs reported moderate levels of self-efficacy on each self-efficacy scale and on a measure of total self-efficacy. Significant positive associations were observed between SLPs' self-efficacy perceptions and their comfort level in treating CWS, self-reported success in treatment, beliefs about the importance of multidimensional treatment, and self-reported empathy. There were some discrepancies between what SLPs believed was important to address in stuttering therapy and how they measured success in therapy. Conclusions Among school-based SLPs, self-efficacy for treating school-age CWS with a multidimensional approach appears stronger than previously reported; however, more progress in training and experience is needed for SLPs to feel highly self-efficacious in these areas. Continuing to improve clinician self-efficacy for stuttering treatment through improved academic training and increased clinical experiences should remain a high priority in order to enhance outcomes for CWS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12978194

scholarly journals Loneliness and Its Association With Social Media Use During the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512110338
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Mary Ruffolo ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Daicia Price ◽  
Hilde Thygesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Social Loneliness

Social distancing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic changed social interaction for many and increased the risk of loneliness in the general population. Social media use has been ambiguously related to loneliness, and associations may differ by age. The study aimed to examine loneliness and its association with social media use within different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia during April/May 2020, and 3,810 participants aged 18 years or above were recruited. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between social media use and social and emotional loneliness within separate age groups. Emotional loneliness was higher among young adults and among those who used social media several times daily. Adjusting by sociodemographic variables, using more types of social media was associated with lower social loneliness among the oldest participants, and with higher emotional loneliness among the youngest participants. Among middle-aged participants, using social media more frequently was associated with lower social loneliness. We found that the associations between social media use and loneliness varied by age. Older people’s engagement on social media may be a resource to reduce loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed higher levels of loneliness among high-frequent social media users of younger age.

Strategic Planning in Emergency Management: Evaluating the Impacts on Local Program Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Robert Manning
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Program Quality ◽  
County Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Program

AbstractThis study examined the strategic planning practices of county-level emergency management agencies (EMAs), with a specific focus on strategic planning adoption and its relationship to local program quality. The study utilized a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design to collect planning- and program-related data from more than 300 county-level EMAs across the United States. The study findings revealed that most of the county EMAs included in the final sample had previously engaged in strategic planning activities, with nearly all of them continuing to use strategic planning as part of their general management practice. The study findings further revealed that strategic planning had a direct and significant impact on the overall quality of local emergency management programs, and that the strategic planning EMAs had significantly higher mean quality scores across all program dimensions when compared to the non-strategic planning EMAs.

Inadequate Therapy for Asthma Among Children in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Jill S. Halterman ◽  
C. Andrew Aligne ◽  
Peggy Auinger ◽  
John T. McBride ◽  
Peter G. Szilagyi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asthma Therapy ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Morbidity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maintenance Medication ◽  
Inadequate Therapy

Objective. Childhood asthma morbidity and mortality are increasing despite improvements in asthma therapy. We hypothesized that a substantial number of children with moderate to severe asthma are not taking the maintenance medications recommended by national guidelines. The objective of this study was to describe medication use among US children with asthma and determine risk factors for inadequate therapy. Methods. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III 1988–1994 provided cross-sectional, parent-reported data for children 2 months to 16 years of age. Analysis focused on children with moderate to severe asthma (defined as having any hospitalization for wheezing, ≥2 acute visits for wheezing, or ≥3 episodes of wheezing over the past year). We defined these children as adequately treated if they had taken a maintenance medication (inhaled corticosteroid, cromolyn, or theophylline) during the past month. Demographic variables were analyzed for independent associations with inadequacy of therapy. The statistical analysis used SUDAAN software to account for the complex sampling design. Results. A total of 1025 children (9.4%) had physician-diagnosed asthma. Of those with moderate to severe asthma (n = 524), only 26% had taken a maintenance medication during the past month. Even among children with 2 or more hospitalizations over the previous year, only 32% had taken maintenance medications. In a logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with inadequate therapy included: age ≤5 years, Medicaid insurance, and Spanish language. Children surveyed after 1991, when national guidelines for asthma management became available, were no more likely to have taken maintenance medications than children surveyed before 1991. Conclusion. Most children with moderate to severe asthma in this nationally representative sample, including those with multiple hospitalizations, did not receive adequate asthma therapy. These children may incur avoidable morbidity. Young children, poor children, and children from Spanish-speaking families appear to be at particularly high risk for inadequate therapy.

Understanding How to Strengthen the Neurology Pipeline With Insight From Undergraduate Neuroscience Students

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013259
Author(s):  
Mia Minen ◽  
Kayla Kaplan ◽  
Sangida Akter ◽  
Dennique Khanns ◽  
Tasha Ostendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Research University ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Undergraduate Level

Despite increased neuroscience interest at the undergraduate level, a significant shortage of neurologists in the United States (US) exists. To better understand how to generate more interest in neurology specifically at the undergraduate level, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional online survey of 1085 undergraduates either in neuroscience courses or majoring/minoring in neuroscience from across the US to better understand their clinical neurology experiences and perspectives. The survey quantitatively and qualitatively assessed students’ clinical neurology exposure inside and outside of the classroom, research experiences and career goals. Students were from a broad spectrum of undergraduate institutions (public research university (40.8%), liberal arts College (29.7%) and private research university (29.0%). Most students (89.9%) were looking to pursue graduate studies; 56.9% reported wanting to be a physician and 17.8% expressed interest in obtaining an MD/PhD. Importantly, students reported first exposure to neuroscience at age 16 but felt that they could be exposed to neuroscience as early as 13. Half (50.5%) decided to major in neuroscience before college and a quarter (25.6%) decided to major in their first year of college. Despite high interest in clinical neurology exposure, less than one-third of students had spoken with or shadowed a neurologist, and only 13.6% had interacted with clinical neurology populations. Only 20.8% of students felt volunteer and internship opportunities were sufficiently available. Qualitative results include student perspectives from those who did and did not work with a neurologist, describing how they were or were not able to obtain such opportunities. We discuss translating the survey findings into actionable results with opportunities to target the undergraduate neuroscience interest to improve the neurology pipeline. We describe existing programs that could be integrated into everyday neurology practices and new approaches to learning and training to help leverage the significant undergraduate neuroscience interest. We also raise questions for further research, including exploring (1) how students learn of neurologic conditions/expand their knowledge about additional neurologic conditions, (2) whether qualitative investigation of the experiences of neuroscience undergraduates at specific institutions might provide additional insight, and (3) systems to maintain interest in neuroscience/neurology as students enter medical school.

Prevalence and family factors associated with loneliness during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study from South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
G. Sanjana ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
South India ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
The Impact

Background: Loneliness can affect anyone at any point in their life. It can be detrimental to the wellbeing and quality of life of individuals and communities. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, loneliness is considered as a public health crisis. Hence, the objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and family related factors associated with loneliness among general population in south India. Materials and Methods: The study employed a crosssectional online survey design. The data was collected in the first phase of the lockdown in 2020 from adults in Southern India. Socio-demographic profile and family related variables were collected using a semistructured proforma. Loneliness was assessed by UCLA loneliness scale. Results: Of 573 total respondents to the survey, aged between 18-65 years, 43% were male and 57% were female. The overall prevalence of loneliness was 63% (358/573). No significant gender differences were observed in the prevalence of loneliness. Family discord was associated with higher rates of loneliness (p less than 0.01). Other factors associated were younger age and being single. Conclusion: Rates of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown were high in Southern India. Findings suggest that interventions should prioritize younger people. Increasing social support and improving interpersonal skills, which in turn would help reduce family discord and may reduce the impact of COVID-19 on loneliness.

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