Mycotic Pseudotumor of the Breast Secondary to Cryptococcal Infection: Report of Three Rare Cases and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110604
Author(s):  
Velaphi Glenda Makhubela ◽  
Moshawa Calvin Khaba
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Mass ◽  
Breast Masses ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Breast Malignancies

Breast masses in clinical practice are often investigated primarily for neoplastic conditions. Breast fungal infections are unusual, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The differential diagnosis for a breast mass should not be limited to neoplastic conditions as there are treatment implications. The correct diagnosis is associated with reduced and unwanted cases of surgical intervention. We describe 3 cases of cryptococcal infection of the breast that clinically masqueraded as breast malignancies.

scholarly journals Unusual Site for a White Nodule on the Palatine Tonsil: Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, and Discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ashwag Yagoub Aloyouny
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Palatine Tonsil ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Lymphoepithelial Cysts ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Introduction. Palatine tonsils are part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, located in the oropharyngeal region. Although these tissues protect the body from foreign intruders, they are more prone to infections due to their anatomical structure and location. For instance, the differential diagnosis of a white lesion on the palatine tonsil can range from benign to malignant lesions. Oral lymphoepithelial cysts commonly arise as painless, yellowish nodules on the floor of the mouth and the ventral or lateral surface of the tongue. Case Presentation. This paper presents a rare case of an unusual site of a lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) in the oral cavity. The lesion was located in the tonsil of a 20-year-old woman with a chief complaint of a painless, white lump in the back of the mouth for nine months. Discussion. The differential diagnosis of a white lesion on the palatine tonsil is caused by several factors, such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections; trauma; stones; cysts; abscess; or cancer. In this case, both the clinical presentation and extra- and intraoral examinations were highly associated with LEC. Oral LEC etiopathogenesis is uncertain, and several theories have been proposed to discuss the causes of LEC. In addition, oral LEC could be monitored without surgical intervention if the nodule is asymptomatic. Conclusion. We emphasize the importance of a thorough clinical examination of oral and oropharyngeal lesions, which are usually neglected.

Approach to the Patient with a Breast Mass

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Plitas ◽  
Monica Morrow ◽  
Brandon R Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Breast Mass ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Breast Clinic ◽  
Breast Masses ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Benign Breast Lesions

A breast mass is the most common presenting symptom among patients in a breast clinic. The presence of a breast mass can cause a great deal of anxiety in women, as well as their physicians. The differential diagnosis of a palpable breast abnormality is broad, although the majority of breast masses are benign. The responsibility of the physician who is evaluating a breast mass is to exclude the presence of malignancy. Once cancer is ruled out, the physician should then attempt to provide an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and reassurance to the patient. This chapter discusses the assessment of normal breast physiology, identification of a breast mass, evaluation of the various classifications of breast mass (e.g., dominant mass with clinically benign features and dominant mass with suspicious features), differential diagnosis and management of common benign breast masses (e.g., cysts, fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumors, hamartomas, fat necrosis), and the risk of breast cancer associated with benign breast lesions. The chapter also discusses the diagnosis and management of a breast mass in male patients. Tables outline breast lesions that may present as a palpable abnormality, factors used for the assessment of breast cancer risk, physical characteristics of benign and malignant breast masses, the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration, and benign breast lesions by category. Figures illustrate diagnostic procedures, the anatomy of the human breast, visual inspection of the breasts, physical examination of the breasts, breast palpation technique, the evaluation and management of a new breast mass, and the identification of cysts. This review contains 10 figures, 14 tables, and 64 references. Keywords: breast mass, lobuloalveolar development, subareolar nodularity, parenchyma (glandular elements), stromal tissue, ovarian graafian follicles

scholarly journals Ocular Auscultation: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernando Gallego ◽  
Ana Maria Rivas-Grajales ◽  
Carlos Jose Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Routine Physical Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Finding

Ocular auscultation is a commonly neglected step of routine physical examination. An adequate ocular auscultation can be helpful in discovering an ocular bruit, which is an important diagnostic finding for a broad spectrum of pathologic conditions, some of which are potentially fatal. In this article, we present a literature review on the physical exam maneuver of ocular auscultation, as well as the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of ocular bruits. We also included a description of the adequate auscultation technique and a discussion about the applicability of ocular auscultation in clinical practice

Approach to the Patient with a Breast Mass

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Plitas ◽  
Monica Morrow ◽  
Brandon R Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Breast Mass ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Breast Clinic ◽  
Breast Masses ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Benign Breast Lesions

A breast mass is the most common presenting symptom among patients in a breast clinic. The presence of a breast mass can cause a great deal of anxiety in women, as well as their physicians. The differential diagnosis of a palpable breast abnormality is broad, although the majority of breast masses are benign. The responsibility of the physician who is evaluating a breast mass is to exclude the presence of malignancy. Once cancer is ruled out, the physician should then attempt to provide an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and reassurance to the patient. This chapter discusses the assessment of normal breast physiology, identification of a breast mass, evaluation of the various classifications of breast mass (e.g., dominant mass with clinically benign features and dominant mass with suspicious features), differential diagnosis and management of common benign breast masses (e.g., cysts, fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumors, hamartomas, fat necrosis), and the risk of breast cancer associated with benign breast lesions. The chapter also discusses the diagnosis and management of a breast mass in male patients. Tables outline breast lesions that may present as a palpable abnormality, factors used for the assessment of breast cancer risk, physical characteristics of benign and malignant breast masses, the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration, and benign breast lesions by category. Figures illustrate diagnostic procedures, the anatomy of the human breast, visual inspection of the breasts, physical examination of the breasts, breast palpation technique, the evaluation and management of a new breast mass, and the identification of cysts. This review contains 10 figures, 14 tables, and 64 references. Keywords: breast mass, lobuloalveolar development, subareolar nodularity, parenchyma (glandular elements), stromal tissue, ovarian graafian follicles

scholarly journals Myofibroblastoma of the Breast: Literature Review and Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Metry ◽  
Mohamad Shaaban ◽  
Magdi Youssef ◽  
Michael Carr
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Breast Mass ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Spindle Cell Tumor ◽  
Pathological Features

Myofibroblastoma of the breast is a rare benign spindle cell tumor. The main aim of this study is to review the literature of this rare tumor. We present a case of a mammary myofibroblastoma occurring in an 82-year-old man, emphasizing the clinical, radiological, and pathological features. The tumor was successfully identified and managed in our hospital. We would like to draw the attention of clinicians to myofibroblastoma as a rare possibility in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass.

Primary Pleural Neoplasia: Entities Other Than Diffuse Malignant Mesothelioma

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 1149-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Guinee ◽  
Timothy Craig Allen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Pleural Tumor ◽  
Neoplasm Primary ◽  
Diffuse Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Pleural Neoplasms

Abstract Context.—Overwhelmingly, the most common neoplasm involving the pleura is metastatic carcinoma. In contrast, diffuse malignant mesothelioma occurs relatively rarely; however, it is nonetheless the most common neoplasm primary to the pleura. Metastatic carcinoma and diffuse malignant mesothelioma each have their own prognostic and therapeutic characteristics. Other primary pleural neoplasms occur uncommonly or rarely, with their own prognostic and therapeutic characteristics. Objective.—To review primary pleural neoplasms other than diffuse malignant mesothelioma, to better ensure correct diagnosis and optimal assessment of prognosis and treatment. Data Sources.—Literature review and primary material from the authors' institutions. Conclusions.—A nonexhaustive group of uncommon to rare benign and malignant primary pleural neoplasms— other than diffuse malignant mesothelioma—are presented, of which one must be aware in order to maintain an appropriate index of suspicion to include them in the differential diagnosis of a pleural tumor.

Usefulness of Osmolar Excretion Rate in the Diagnosis of Fluids and Electrolytes Overlap Syndromes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ignacio Aranalde
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Overlap Syndromes

Clinical practice related to electrolytes and acid-base disorders is commonly approached as a single entity. Overlap syndromes are an uncommon clinical condition that must be considered as part of differential diagnosis when a patient is assessed. The coexistence of electrolytic disorders could make it difficult to interpret certain variables due to the influence of such disorders on the same variable, even in the opposite way. In this context, there are some tools that are very useful in order to establish the correct diagnosis. Thus, osmole excretion rate, tonicity balance, and estimation of electrolyte-free water balance should be considered along with other biochemical variables in order to increase the possibility to make a correct interpretation.

Complex case of differential diagnosis of malaria and hemolytic anemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Gyuldana Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Erroneous Diagnosis ◽  
Complete Treatment

Correct diagnosis is the basis of timely and complete treatment. Sometimes situations arise in clinical practice when it seems that the diagnosis does not cause any doubts. However, experience shows that an erroneous diagnosis, even when it seems certain, is not uncommon.

scholarly journals Differential Diagnosis of Wide QRS Tachycardias

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Demosthenes G Katritsis ◽  
Josep Brugada
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Supraventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Qrs Duration

In this article, the authors discuss the differential diagnostic methods used in clinical practice to identify types of wide QRS tachycardias (QRS duration >120 ms). A correct diagnosis is critical to management, as misdiagnosis and the administration of drugs usually utilised for supraventricular tachycardia can be harmful for patients with ventricular tachycardia.

Fecal Excretion of Rose Bengal I131 in the Diagnosis of Obstructive Jaundice in Infancy with Special Reference to Biliary Atresia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-969
Author(s):  
João Gilberto Maksoud ◽  
Anneliese Fischer Thom ◽  
Julio Kieffer ◽  
Virgilio A. Carvalho Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
The Poor

Despite the poor prognosis of biliary atresia, there are a small number of cases in which early surgery will be of real benefit. Every effort must therefore be made to arrive at the correct diagnosis as quickly as possible so as not to delay surgical intervention. In our experience, FERB I131 has been the most reliable diagnostic test; we are convinced that this test must be done in every case in which the differential diagnosis of neonatal or infantile jaundice is not clear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document