scholarly journals A Social Psychological Toolbox for Clinical Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Klaus Fiedler ◽  
David J. Grüning
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Sketch

Abstract. Translational science involves the fruitful interplay between basic research paradigms and related fields of application. One promising candidate for such synergy is the relationship between social and clinical psychology. Although the relation is principally bi-directional, such that either discipline can take the role of the basic and the applied science, we take the perspective of transfer from basic social and cognitive social psychology to applications in the clinical realm. Starting from a historical sketch of some of the earliest topics in the interface of both disciplines, we first come to conclude that truly integrative co-theorizing is conspicuously missing. Then, however, we recognize the strong potential for productive collaboration at the pragmatic level of an adaptive research toolbox containing approved methods and compact theoretical tools that carry over between disciplines. We outline the notion of a generic, provisional toolbox as distinguished from a fixed repertoire of established standard procedures. We provide examples of two subsets of tools, methods and logical principles required proper diagnostic reasoning, and theoretically founded influence tools that can enrich the repertoire of therapeutic interventions. Rather than propagating a normatively prescriptive toolbox, we interpret translational science as a pluralistic endeavor, such that different clinicians complete their personalized toolboxes in manifold ways.

scholarly journals DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 Gene Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7486
Author(s):  
Mirosław Śnit ◽  
Maciej Misiołek ◽  
Wojciech Ścierski ◽  
Anna Koniewska ◽  
Grażyna Stryjewska-Makuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

AIM, DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 are the cell glycoprotein, which play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This study was designed to assess the association between DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 SNPs and laryngeal cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study including 267 patients with histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer and 157 controls. The relationship between genetic variations DIAPH2 (rs6620138), PTPRD (rs3765142) and HIC1 (rs9901806) and the onset of laryngeal cancer were investigated. Statistical analysis to calculate the relationship between DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 genes polymorphism and pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. RESULTS: The results showed that rs6620138 DIAPH2 polymorphism could increase the onset risk of laryngeal cancer. Statistically significant differences in allele distribution of rs6620138 DIAPH2 and rs9901806 HIC1 in the case and control groups subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: This study results suggested that genetic variation of rs6620138 DIAPH2 polymorphism is related to the susceptibility to laryngeal cancer. Our results provide a basis to begin basic research on the role of DIAPH2 gene in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.

scholarly journals Molecular and Immune Biomarkers for Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Status and Future Prospects

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pilla ◽  
Andrea Alberti ◽  
Pierluigi Di Mauro ◽  
Maria Gemelli ◽  
Viola Cogliati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
The Relationship

Advances in the genomic, molecular and immunological make-up of melanoma allowed the development of novel targeted therapy and of immunotherapy, leading to changes in the paradigm of therapeutic interventions and improvement of patients’ overall survival. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating either the responsiveness or the resistance of melanoma patients to therapies are still mostly unknown. The development of either the combinations or of the sequential treatment of different agents has been investigated but without a strongly molecularly motivated rationale. The need for robust biomarkers to predict patients’ responsiveness to defined therapies and for their stratification is still unmet. Progress in immunological assays and genomic techniques as long as improvement in designing and performing studies monitoring the expression of these markers along with the evolution of the disease allowed to identify candidate biomarkers. However, none of them achieved a definitive role in predicting patients’ clinical outcomes. Along this line, the cross-talk of melanoma cells with tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the evolution of the disease and needs to be considered in light of the role of predictive biomarkers. The overview of the relationship between the molecular basis of melanoma and targeted therapies is provided in this review, highlighting the benefit for clinical responses and the limitations. Moreover, the role of different candidate biomarkers is described together with the technical approaches for their identification. The provided evidence shows that progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular basis of melanoma and in designing advanced therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, the molecular determinants of melanoma and their role as biomarkers predicting patients’ responsiveness to therapies warrant further investigation with the vision of developing more effective precision medicine.

Exploring the “Inevitability” of the Relationship between Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use and Aggression in Human Males

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Sharp ◽  
David Collins
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Behavioral Disturbance ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Social Mediation ◽  
Literature Base ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
The Relationship

A growing body of literature associates anabolic-androgenic steroids (AS) with psychological and behavioral disturbance. Studies report marked increases in aggression, and authors have suggested a causal relationship with the pharmacological properties of AS. There are, however, contradictions, methodological shortcomings, and variability within the literature that indicate a need to reevaluate the interpretation of these findings. After considering limitations in the pharmacological-oriented approach when compared to wider theory, a previously unconsidered social-psychological literature base regarding this problem is examined. The paper explores the role of social mediation in the relationship between AS use and aggression, demonstrating how psychosocial factors may bring about the aggressive behavior. Although these alternatives aim to place the nature of effects firmly back in the field of psychological explanation, it is proposed that the true nature of the effects will only become evident by adopting a complex biopsychosocial approach to the study of this problem.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Cancer Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Araji ◽  
Julian Maamari ◽  
Fatima Ali Ahmad ◽  
Rana Zareef ◽  
Patrick Chaftari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the care of cancer patients. However, the response to ICI therapy exhibits substantial interindividual variability. Efforts have been directed to identify biomarkers that predict the clinical response to ICIs. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a critical player that influences the efficacy of immunotherapy. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the baseline composition of a patient's gut microbiota and its dysbiosis are correlated with the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. This review tackles the rapidly growing body of evidence evaluating the relationship between the gut microbiome and the response to ICI therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the impact of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on ICI efficacy and discusses the possible therapeutic interventions to optimize the gut microbiota composition to augment immunotherapy efficacy.

scholarly journals (Positive) power to the child: The role of children's willing stance toward parents in developmental cascades from toddler age to early preadolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Kochanska ◽  
Sanghag Kim ◽  
Lea J. Boldt
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Socialization Agents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractIn a change from the once-dominant view of children as passive in the parent-led process of socialization, children are now seen as active agents who can considerably influence that process. However, these newer perspectives typically focus on the child's antagonistic influence, due either to a difficult temperament or aversive, resistant, negative behaviors that elicit adversarial responses from the parent and lead to future coercive cascades in the relationship. Children's capacity to act as receptive, willing, even enthusiastic, active socialization agents is largely overlooked. Informed by attachment theory and other relational perspectives, we depict children as able to adopt an active willing stance and to exert robust positive influence in the mutually cooperative socialization enterprise. A longitudinal study of 100 community families (mothers, fathers, and children) demonstrates that willing stance (a) is a latent construct, observable in diverse parent–child contexts, parallel at 38, 52, and 67 months and longitudinally stable; (b) originates within an early secure parent–child relationship at 25 months; and (c) promotes a positive future cascade toward adaptive outcomes at age 10. The outcomes include the parent's observed and child-reported positive, responsive behavior, as well as child-reported internal obligation to obey the parent and parent-reported low level of child behavior problems. The construct of willing stance has implications for basic research in typical socialization and in developmental psychopathology as well as for prevention and intervention.

scholarly journals Community Environment Perception on Depression: The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8083
Author(s):  
Liqin Zhang ◽  
Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Psychological Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Environment Perception ◽  
Subjective Social Class ◽  
The Relationship

Depression has become a major social issue of global concern, which has seriously threatened the quality of an individual’s life. Although the relationship between community environment and depression has aroused heated debate, the empirical research on the relationship between community environment perception and public depression is still relatively insufficient. Data for this study are from China Family Panel Studies in 2016, which were conducted by the institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University. This paper has tested group differences in the influence of community environment on public depression, as well as the mediating role of subjective social class between community environment perception and depression, so as to further explore the social psychological effect of community environment. The empirical study found that there are group differences in the impacts of community environment perception on depression. Specifically, men, rural residents, and people aged 60 and under are more likely to be depressed which were affected by the perception of community environment. Furthermore, we have found that the subjective social class can partly mediate community environment perception and depression. That is to say, the perception of community environment can induce depression by influencing the individual’s subjective social class. Among them, community living environment and community public facilities have the greatest impact, community emotional attachment and community security situation have the second impact, and neighborhood mutual aid and neighborhood relationship have the least impact. In other words, the community environment is deeply endowed with a social psychological effect. To ameliorate the public’s depression, it is necessary to consider the construction of community physical environment and the cultivation of harmonious community culture as powerful measures not to be ignored. In short, the important role of community environmental intervention in alleviating the public’s depression caused by social class cognition deserves attention.

scholarly journals Biología aplicada: una aproximación interdisciplinar a la investigación del cáncer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Estany
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Applied Biology

RESUMENLa importancia de la biología aplicada tiene que ver con una serie de fenómenos en torno al papel de la ciencia y la tecnología en nuestra sociedad. Entre dichos fenómenos podemos señalar la imbricación que en la actualidad existe entre la investigación básica, la utilización de ésta por las ciencias de diseño y la construcción tecnología para cambiar la realidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel de la biología molecular en la investigación del cáncer, a partir del marco teórico de las ciencias de diseño de H. Simon (1969), la reflexión filosófica de I. Niiniluoto (1993), y la praxiología como ciencia de la acción eficiente de T. Kotarbinski (1965).PALABRAS CLAVECIENCIA APLICADA, INVESTIGACIÓN BÁSICA, CIENCIAS DE DISEÑO, INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE EL CÁNCERABSTRACTThe importance of applied biology has to do with a series of events around the role of science and technology in our society. The relevant point is the relationship that exists between basic research, the use of this design in science and construction technology to change the reality. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of molecular biology in cancer research, from the theoretical framework of design science H. Simon (1969), philosophical reflection of I. Niiniluoto (1993), and Praxeology as a science of efficient action of T. Kotarbinski (1965).KEYWORDSAPPLIED SCIENCE, BASIC RESEARCH, DESIGN SCIENCE, CANCER RESEARCH

The Concept of Macro-Basic Research in Human Factors

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
D. Meister
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
System Concept ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oriented Research

The purpose of this paper is to describe certain Human Factors (HF) research topics that are fundamental to our understanding of human performance in systems. Other key subjects addressed are: the system concept; the relationship between HF and Psychology; the role of academically-oriented research in HF; and government funding of HF research.

The Role of the Police in Evacuations

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Bonkiewicz ◽  
R. Barry Ruback
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Relationship

Disaster evacuations are stressful events in which citizens and law enforcement frequently interact with each other. Most emergency response plans are based on military strategies that operate independent of the general public, but we argue that the police must be cognizant of several social psychological factors that affect citizens’ behavior during evacuations, including risk perception, social networks, and access to resources. Drawing from social psychological, criminal justice, and disaster research, we propose a model that (a) describes how citizens’ priorities and behaviors change as a disaster evolves and (b) identifies policing strategies that accommodate these changing behaviors and facilitate a successful evacuation. Our model, embedded in how people behave and what police are taught, can increase citizen compliance with law enforcement during disaster evacuations, remove more citizens from harm, save lives, and improve the relationship between communities and the police.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTIMACY, BELONGING, SELF-ESTEEM INTHE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANXIOUS, AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT AND FORGIVENESS AMONG MARRIED IRANIAN WOMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 74-92
Author(s):  
Farahmand Elaheh ◽  
Mariani MD Nor ◽  
Ghanbari Baghestan Abbas ◽  
Mahmoud Danaee
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on examining the mediating effect of intimacy, belonging, self-esteem on the relationships between anxious, avoidant attachment and forgiveness among Iranian married women. Data were collected from 435 women and the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) method was applied to analyse the data. The results revealed that the impacts of anxious and avoidant attachment on forgiveness were meaningful. Also, empirical evidence was found for the mediating role of intimacy, belonging, and self-esteem on the relationship between avoidant attachment and forgiveness and also belonging and self-esteem on the relationship between anxious attachment and forgiveness. Results of this study suggest that the most accurate model of the relationship between attachment, intimacy, belonging, self-esteem, and forgiveness involves evaluating direct indirect effects. Marriage counselors and therapists can use these results to gain a deeper understanding of the foundations of marital life in Iran in terms of psychoeducational and therapeutic interventions.

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