scholarly journals A Matter of Intent: A Social Obligation to Improve Criminal Procedures for Individuals with Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalayne J. Arias ◽  
Lauren S. Flicker
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Social Obligation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Affirmative Defenses ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between dementia and criminal behavior perplexes legal and health care systems. Dementia is a progressive clinical syndrome defined by impairment in at least two cognitive domains that interferes with one's activities of daily. Dementia symptoms have been associated with behaviors that violate social norms and constitute criminal actions. A failure to address a gap in policies that support appropriate management of individuals with dementia reflects a failure in our social obligation to care for those who are most vulnerable amongst us. Categorical protections, informed by precedent models applied to juveniles and individuals with psychiatric illness, could help meet a social obligation to provide protections to individuals with dementia. We propose an approach that integrates affirmative defenses to mitigate criminal liability and sentencing restrictions to prevent cruel and unusual punishment.

Feminine? Masculine? Androgynous leadership as a necessity in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
Stacy Blake-Beard ◽  
Mary Shapiro ◽  
Cynthia Ingols
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between leaders’ expressed traits and their impact on their country’s COVID-19 outcomes. Some leaders are over relying on masculine traits and dismissing feminine traits. An alternative – androgynous leadership – supports leaders in drawing from the full portfolio of behaviors. Design/methodology/approach This paper has a theoretical approach using an extensive review of the literature. Findings Leaders can take a number of actions to fully embrace androgynous leadership. These actions include building a diverse “tempered” team, communicating with respect, recognizing the impact of framing and moving from autopilot to realizing their best androgynous self. Research limitations/implications Research limitations include a critique of Bem’s framework as outdated and dichotomous; a categorization of feminine, masculine and neutral behaviors that is determined by the authors; and a focus on leadership style that does not take other dimensions, such as health-care systems, into account. Practical implications The authors propose that an “androgynous” leadership style has been used effectively by some political leaders around the globe in the COVID-19 crisis. The COVID-19 context has provided a laboratory for developing and building competence as androgynous leaders. Social implications The mental capacity to look at a situation, pause and explicitly select effective behavior is necessary, but oftentimes, it is not put into practice. By not drawing from a larger portfolio of androgynous behaviors, the opportunity for leaders to their best work is missed. Originality/value There is an acknowledgement of the benefits of the combination of masculine and feminine leadership traits. There are also clear recommendations supporting leaders in developing their androgynous leadership skills.

Computerisation of hospitals and community areas

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
N. Martini
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Technology And Culture ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Documentation ◽  
The Relationship

The application of modern computerised technologies to hospitals and communities represents one of the most critical points for Medicine and Health Care Systems in different countries. The benefits but also the limits of this impact bring up the basic question of the relationship between technology and culture. In order to analyse this relationship the drug has been assumed as “indicator” in the different phases of scientific documentation and information, management of expenditure and clinical research.

scholarly journals Legal analysis of the content of the category «criminal law impact»

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Valery F. Lapshin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Relationship

The category of criminal law impact is currently being actively studied in the domestic legal science for the relationship with the content of the categories of criminal punishment, other measures of a criminal law nature, criminal liability. In the presented study, the problem of determining the types of criminal law influence and the peculiarities of their implementation, depending on the presence or absence of certain legally significant features, is posed. Given the stated problems, the subject of the study is determined in the form of criminal law norms that enshrine deprivation and legal restrictions that apply to persons who have committed a socially dangerous act prohibited by criminal law. The application in the process of research of a combination of general scientific and private scientific methods allowed us to formulate the final conclusion that the criminal legal effect is realized as a result of the application of criminal liability measures and other measures of a criminal legal nature. Criminal liability is realized on general and preferential terms. The basis for the use of the latter is the fact of positive post-criminal behavior, which significantly reduces the social danger of the perpetrator.

Abortion Rights as Human Rights

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Rebouché
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Abortion Rights ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Abortion Access ◽  
The Relationship

This essay maps how human rights have helped advance abortion rights, and it explores the relationship between human rights discourses and abortion access in jurisdictions with under-resourced health systems. The first part describes the incorporation of abortion rights in international human rights documents and in the opinions and reports of human rights bodies. The second part discusses why courts increasingly cite human rights texts in national opinions, noting courts’ invocation of universal values, consensus on limited abortion permission, and state duties to protect women’s rights. The third part examines on-the-ground obstacles to implementing court judgments and national abortion laws. This essay argues that human rights reasoning, rooted in claims to universalism and modernity, may minimize the problems that follow legal change, particularly in places with weak health-care infrastructures. The conclusion considers public health law research that keeps in view the differences among countries’ health-care systems.

Equity and Distributive Justice in European Health Care Reform

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Saltman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Sector Reforms ◽  
Central Objective ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
European Health ◽  
The Relationship

Equity is a central objective of most European health care systems, yet equity, particularly in the form of distributive justice, has not been a central objective of many recent health sector reforms. This article considers three aspects of the relationship between equity and recent health reforms. After defining what is meant by equity in the health sector, the author briefly examines available evidence on present levels of equality then discusses the equity implications of ongoing reforms in European health care systems.

scholarly journals An analysis of the relationship between healthcare spending and health outcomes: a data analytics perspective using the theory of production functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Oppong Adu
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This research investigates the relationship between per capita spending on healthcare and population health outcomes at the provincial level in Canada using data from 1980 to 2010. The health outcomes examined include life expectancy at birth and at age 65, number of infant deaths, and potential years of life lost from treatable causes, all of which are separated by gender. Using analytics methods as an application of the theory of growth accounting, the study evaluates the performance of the provincial health care systems in terms of their ability to efficiently produce longevity. The study also specifies the categories of healthcare spending which are most influential in determining the efficient production of longevity and measures the contribution of healthcare spending to the determination of infant mortality and deaths from treatable causes. The methods employed include Data Envelopment Analysis, Decision Tree Induction, and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. The results of the analysis point to the fact that Canada’s provinces operate inefficiently in their production of health outcomes and confirm the importance of healthcare spending to determining health outcomes in Canada.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic: Defining the Clinical Syndrome and Describing an Empirical Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Mandalam Seshadri ◽  
Jacob John
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Lab Test ◽  
Virus Testing

The novel corona virus infectious disease, COVID-19, is a pandemic now and is raging through several continents, posing a challenge to health-care systems of all the countries and disrupting lives and livelihoods across the world. The facilities for virus testing are available for only limited numbers in each country and each country excludes a large number of potentially infected subjects because the lab test is done for only certain categories. Nearly 80 % of those infected will therefore go undiagnosed. There is an urgent need therfore to define the clinical syndrome so that practitioners at the primary and secondary levels can make a confident clinical diagnosis and proceed to manage patients early and effectively. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, both antimalarials have shown promise in limited trials in France and China. They are inexpensive, have been around for several decades in the prevention and treatment of malaria, have well-known side-effects and in the short term safe for use . We propose that practitioners make a preliminary clinical diagnosis of the COVID-19 syndrome based on simple clinical criteria and  lab tests and proceed to manage patients and protect other family members and contacts by using isolation measures and short regimens of these anti malarial and other medications, anticipating results of more clinical trials.

scholarly journals Increased depression genetic liability associates with inflammatory markers in multiple electronic health record systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Davis ◽  
Julia Sealock ◽  
Younga Lee ◽  
Arden Moscati ◽  
Sanan Venkatesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although depression is a common disorder, its underlying biological basis remains poorly understood. The results of clinical lab tests available for research in electronic health records can be used to identify biomarkers that may reveal biological processes involved in the development of depression or may be markers of physiological changes due to depression. Here, we leveraged clinical laboratory tests and integrated biobank data to evaluate the relationship between genetic risk for depression and 315 routinely collected quantitative lab measures. Analyses across four health care systems (N = 382,452) robustly implicate increased white blood cell count as both a risk factor and consequence of depression diagnosis and revealed neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes as the primary cell types responsible for this association. Our results highlight the importance of the immune system in the etiology of depression and motivate future development of clinical biomarkers and targeted treatment options for depression and its systemic effects.

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