scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Brief Measure of Violent Thoughts: The Violent Ideations Scale (VIS)

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
Denis Ribeaud
Keyword(s):  
Violence Risk ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Violence Prediction ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Candidate Risk Factor

Violent ideations (VIs) have potential significance across clinical, forensic, and research contexts. They feature in dominant theories of violence, are a candidate risk factor in violence prediction, and are a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Given this, there is a need for multi-item psychometrically supported measures of VIs. We report on the development and validation of the “Violent Ideations Scale” (VIS): a brief measure of VIs. In a normative sample of N = 1,276 older adolescents, we evaluated the dimensionality, sex invariance, concurrent validity, and discriminative power of the VIS. The VIS showed unidimensionality, minor measurement differences across males and females, correlated well with a preexisting measure of VIs and showed a strong relation to criminal violence. These features support the use of the VIS as a research tool and as a possible source of information regarding violence risk in clinical and forensic settings.

The Development of the VP-SAFvR: An Actuarial Instrument for Police Triage of Australian Family Violence Reports

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy E. McEwan ◽  
Daniel E. Shea ◽  
James R. P. Ogloff
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Australian Family ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Development And Validation

This study describes the rationale, development, and validation of the Victoria Police Screening Assessment for Family Violence Risk (VP-SAFvR). The actuarial instrument was developed on a sample of 24,446 Australian police reports from 2013-2014. Information from each report and criminal histories of those involved were collected with 12-month follow-up, and binary logistic regression used to develop an improper predictive model. The selected VP-SAFvR cut-off score correctly identified almost three quarters of cases with further reports, while half of those without were accurately excluded. It was effective for frontline police triage decision-making, with few screened-out cases reporting further family violence, while those screened-in required additional risk assessment. Predictive validity was adequate and consistent across family relationships and demographic groups, although it was less effective in predicting future family violence reports involving same-sex couples or child perpetrators. Further evaluation in a field trial is necessary to determine the validity of the VP-SAFvR in practice.

Taxonomic overview and tusk growth analyses of Ziegler Reservoir proboscideans

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Fisher ◽  
Michael D. Cherney ◽  
Cody Newton ◽  
Adam N. Rountrey ◽  
Zachary T. Calamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Elevation ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Fossil Site ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Colorado Rockies ◽  
Mammut Americanum ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Mis 5

AbstractAt an altitude of 2705 m in the Colorado Rockies (USA), the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site gives a rare look at a high-elevation ecosystem from the late Pleistocene (especially MIS 5) of North America. Remains of more than four mammoths and about 35 mastodons dominate the macrofossil assemblage. Mammoth remains are attributed to Mammuthus columbi, and mastodon remains are referred to the well-known, continent-wide Mammut americanum. Mastodon remains occur within and between several lake-margin slump deposits. Their deposition must therefore have occurred as events that were to some degree separate in time. We treat the mastodon assemblage in each stratigraphic unit as a source of information on environmental conditions during the lives of these individuals. Mastodon mandibular tusks are abundant at the site and represent both males and females, from calves to full-grown adults. This study presents the first attempt to use microCT, thin-section, and isotope records from mandibular tusks to reconstruct features of life-history. We recognize an up-section trend in δ18O profiles toward higher values, suggestive of warmer temperatures. Throughout this sequence, mastodon growth histories show low mean sensitivities suggestive of low levels of environmental stress. This work helps frame expectations for assessing environmental pressures on terminal Pleistocene populations.

scholarly journals Two strategies used to solve a navigation task: A different use of the hippocampus by males and females? A preliminary study in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Lugo ◽  
Marta N. Torres ◽  
V.D. Chamizo
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Landmark Learning ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Geometry Learning

AbstractThere is abundant research (both in rodents and in humans) showing that males and females often use different types of information in spatial navigation. Males prefer geometry as a source of information, whereas females tend to focus on landmarks (which are often near to a goal objects). However, when considering the role of the hippocampus, the research focuses primarily on males only. In the present study, based on Rodríguez, Torres, Mackintosh, and Chamizo’s (2010, Experiment 2) navigation protocol, we conducted two experiments, one with males and another with females, in order to tentatively evaluate the role of the dorsal hippocampus in the acquisition of two tasks: one based on landmark learning and the alternate one on local pool-geometry learning. Both when landmark learning and when geometry learning, Sham male rats learned significantly faster than Lesion male animals. This was not the case with female rats in geometry learning. These results suggest that the dorsal hippocampus could play an important role in males only.

Understanding conflict management styles of Thais and Americans in multinational corporations in Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasita Boonsathorn
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Conflict Management Styles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Conflict Management Style ◽  
Source Of Information

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the preferences for conflict management styles of Thais and Americans in multinational corporations in Thailand. Gender and the length of exposure to other cultures were also taken into account as influences on the preference for conflict management styles. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative methodology was used. A total of 250 Thais and 64 Americans from 73 multinational companies were asked to complete the questionnaires consisting of conflict management style instrument and a set of demographic information. ANOVAs and Pearson's correlations were used for data analysis. Findings – Thais, compared with Americans, preferred avoiding and obliging conflict management styles and exhibited no differences in preferences for other styles. Males and females did not exhibit differences in preferences for conflict management styles. There was a negative correlation between length of stay abroad for Thais and preference for avoiding and obliging conflict management styles, and a positive correlation between length of stay abroad for Thais and preference for a dominating conflict management style. Research limitations/implications – The language of the instrument, the small number of American female participants, and the positions of the participants may limit the generalization of the findings. Practical implications – The paper presents a very useful source of information for people working in multinational corporations and trainers in the area of intercultural communication. Originality/value – This paper provides new insight into the preference of conflict management styles in a multinational context, the entity in which people from many cultures directly interact (intercultural perspective). The length of exposure to other cultures was also investigated in relation to the preference of conflict management styles.

The Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth in a large community sample of young adult males and females: The TRAILS study.

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle J. Sijtsema ◽  
Tina Kretschmer ◽  
Titus van Os
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Young Adult Males ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Males And Females

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Extremism and Violence Risk Identification Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Bushra Hassan ◽  
Alam Zeb Khattak ◽  
Muhammad S. Qureshi ◽  
Nazia Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Development And Validation

The present study aimed to develop and validate an indigenous scale to measure risk factors associated with extremism and violence tendencies among young people from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The scale was constructed through successive three phases; where in phase I, 55 items were generated whilst reviewing relevant books, journals, and blog posts published on print and social media. In phase II items were tested for their face validity and comprehension and understanding by potential participants and 50 items were finalized for main study. Phase III of the study was carried out on the sample of 240 students from educational institutions in KPK. A Principal Component Analysis was performed using varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was found and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was also significant indicating appropriate values to carry out subsequent factor analysis. Resultantly, final scale comprised of 26 items with four domains identified, including uncertainty in life, lack of social support, violent aggression, and religious intolerance. Additionally newly developed Extremism and Violence Risk Identification Scale was validated with constructs of self-esteem and depression to establish discriminant and convergent validity, respectively.

scholarly journals A cluster analytic examination and validation of adult victim sexual offending subtypes in two Canadian samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Etienne Myburgh ◽  
Mark E. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offending ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Base ◽  
Cluster Analytic ◽  
Development And Validation

The development and validation of sexual offense perpetrator typologies remains a useful endeavor with implications for theory and correctional/clinical practice. Most such typologies—which rely on factors such as the individual’s motivation for offending—have not been validated empirically. The current study utilized a validated sexual violence risk-needs instrument, the Violence Risk Scale—Sexual Offense version (VRS-SO; Wong, Olver, Nicholaichuk, & Gordon [2003, 2017], Regional Psychiatric Centre and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada), to develop and validate an empirically-derived adult victim sexual offense (AVSO) typology through model-based cluster analysis of dynamic risk-need domains. The study featured two treated samples of men (n = 283 and 169) convicted for contact sexual offenses against adult victims. A three-cluster solution was identified and replicated across the two samples: high antisociality high deviance (HA-HD), high antisociality low deviance (HA-LD), and low antisociality low deviance (LA-LD). External validation analyses demonstrated that HA-HD men had more dense sexual offense histories, were more likely to be diagnosed with a paraphilia, and had the highest rates of sexual recidivism (Sample 2 only). By contrast, the HA-LD men had greater concerns on indexes of nonsexual criminality, particularly high base rates of antisocial personality and substance use disorders, and high rates of general violent recidivism (particularly Sample 1). The findings suggest that the VRS-SO factors may have utility in discriminating between AVSO types to inform sexual offending theory, case formulation, and risk management.

Development and Validation of a BMI-Based Figure Rating Scale for Chinese Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 016327872092671
Author(s):  
Chao-Ran Yu ◽  
Xin-Yang Yu ◽  
Zhi-Tao Fan ◽  
Kui Wang ◽  
Heather L. Littleton
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Actual Figure ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Development And Validation

Figure rating scales (FRS) have been widely used to measure body dissatisfaction. In the current study, an FRS based on body mass index (BMI) and body shape of Chinese adolescents (C-BMI-FRS) was developed and validated. The perceived actual figure chosen from C-BMI-FRS by 2,237 Chinese adolescents aged 15–18 years old correlated strongly with BMI ( r = .83 in girls and r = .80 in boys). Additionally, there was a strong relation between actual and ideal figure discrepancy (AID) scores and measures of body satisfaction ( r = −.54 in girls, r = −.28 in boys) and eating disorder symptoms ( r = .54 in girls, and r = .52 in boys). There also were moderate associations of AID scores with self-esteem ( r = −.16) and negative affect ( r = .18) in girls. Test–retest reliability over an 8- to 10 -week interval exceeded .57 for actual figure, ideal figure, and AID scores. Overall, findings support the utility of C-BMI-FRS as a measure of body dissatisfaction among Chinese adolescents.

V-RISK-10: Validation of a Screen for Risk of Violence After Discharge from Acute Psychiatry

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Roaldset ◽  
P. Hartvig ◽  
S. Bjørkly
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Acute Psychiatry ◽  
Acute Psychiatric Wards ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractBackgroundCurrent violence risk assessment instruments are time-consuming and mainly developed for forensic psychiatry. A paucity of violence screens for acute psychiatry instigated the development and validation of the V-RISK-10. The aim of this prospective naturalistic study was to test the predictive validity of the V-RISK-10 as a screen of violence risk after discharge from two acute psychiatric wards.MethodsPatients were screened with V-RISK-10 before discharge, and incidents of violence were recorded 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after discharge. A total of 381 of the 1017 patients that were screened completed the follow up.ResultsThe ROC-AUC values for any violent behaviour were 0.80 and 0.75 (p < 0.001) for the 3 and 12 months follow-up periods, respectively, and significant for both genders. The most accurate risk estimates were obtained for severe violence. For persons without a known history of violence prior to the screening, AUCs were 0.74 (p = 0.004) and 0.68 (p = 0.002).ConclusionsResults indicate that the V-RISK-10 is a valid and clinically useful screen for violence risk after discharge from acute psychiatry, and even significant for patients without a known previous history of violence.

scholarly journals THE PREVENTABLE CAUSES OF DEATH IN RUSSIA AND IN THE EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara P. Sabgayda
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Preventable Mortality

To analyze functioning of health care systems in the European countries, a new listing of preventable causes of death was developed, ignoring impact of policy of population health protection. The following question is arising: does proximity of rates of more than ten-year decreasing of preventable and non-preventable mortality in Russia is conditioned by occurred necessity of adjustment of listing of preventable causes? The study was carried out to investigate applicability of the new listing of preventable causes for analyzing mortality of population of Russia. The comparative analysis was applied to dynamics of preventable mortality evaluated according two listings for Russia and EU countries up to May 2004 (Holland W., 1997; Nolte E., McKee M., 2004). In both listings the causes were assorted in three levels of mortality prevention. The information of European mortality database WHO/Europe was used. The analysis concerned males and females aged from 25 to 64 years during 1999-2013. The results of analysis of dynamics of preventable mortality in the EU counties substantially depend on listing of preventable causes whereas in Russia this dependency is observed only during analysis of female mortality. For the EU countries it is inexpediently to consider causes depending on primarily prevention of diseases as related to controllable mortality. However, in Russia these causes have a crucial impact on level and dynamics of mortality. So, in Russia the old listing of preventable causes continues to be actual and the new listing can be applied only as additional source of information to results of evaluation of functioning of health care system developed on the basis of the old listing.

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