Factor Structure and Further Validation of the 20-Item Short Form of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Fergus ◽  
Shawn J. Latendresse ◽  
Kevin D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Control Of Thoughts

A 44-item version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44) put forward by the Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group remains the most widely used version of the OBQ, despite research casting doubt on its factorial validity and the existence of a short form (i.e., OBQ-20). In a large sample of undergraduate students ( n = 1,210), a bifactor model of the OBQ-20, consisting of a general factor and four specific factors (threat, responsibility, importance/control of thoughts, perfectionism/certainty), was supported as the best-fitting model. None of the examined OBQ-44 models provided adequate fit. The bifactor model of the OBQ-20 was retained in two independent samples ( n = 1,342 community adults, n = 319 undergraduate students). The incremental validity of the specific factors of the OBQ-20 beyond the general factor was evidenced across multiple criterion indices, including obsessive–compulsive symptom measures and reactions to a thought-induction task. Results further support use of the OBQ-20.

scholarly journals Sensory and affective components of symptom perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. jep.059716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Walentynowicz ◽  
Michael Witthöft ◽  
Filip Raes ◽  
Ilse Van Diest ◽  
Omer Van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Symptom Perception ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
Psychometric Studies

Psychological accounts of symptom perception put forward that symptom experiences consist of sensory-perceptual and affective-motivational components. This division is also suggested by psychometric studies investigating the latent structure of symptom reporting. To corroborate the view that the general and symptom-specific factors of a bifactor model represent affective and sensory components, respectively, we performed bifactor models applying confirmatory factor analytic approaches to the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and the Checklist for Symptoms in Daily Life completed by 1053 undergraduate students. Additionally, we explored the association of latent factors with negative affectivity (NA). For both questionnaires, a bifactor model with one general and several symptom-specific factors revealed the best fit to the data. NA yielded large associations with the general factor, but smaller ones with somatic symptom-specific factors in both questionnaires. The observed latent structure supports a distinction between sensory-perceptual and affective-motivational components, and the association between the NA and the general factor confirms the affective tone of the latter.

Do you believe in magical thinking? Examining magical thinking as a mediator between obsessive-compulsive belief domains and symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-462
Author(s):  
Robert E. Fite ◽  
Sarah L. Adut ◽  
Joshua C. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Of Thoughts

AbstractBackground:Despite substantial research attention on obsessive beliefs, more research is needed to understand how these beliefs serve as aetiological or maintaining factors for obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. Magical thinking may allow individuals to gain a sense of control when experiencing intrusive thoughts and corresponding obsessive beliefs, potentially accounting for why OC belief domains are often related to OC symptoms.Aims:This study examines magical thinking as a mediating variable in the relationship between OC belief domains and symptoms.Method:Undergraduate students (n = 284) reported their obsessive beliefs, magical thinking, and OC symptoms.Results:As expected, there were significant indirect effects for the belief domain of inflated responsibility and over-estimation of threat on OC symptoms via magical thinking. There was also an indirect effect for the belief domain of importance and control of thoughts on OC symptoms via magical thinking. Unexpectedly, there was no indirect effect involving the belief domain of perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty.Conclusions:Magical thinking may be one mechanism through which certain OC beliefs lead to OC symptoms. It may be that magical thinking serves as a coping mechanism in response to elevated beliefs. Future studies should extend these findings across time and clinical samples.

Overlapping dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity explain co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 426-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeggan Tiego ◽  
Sanne Oostermeijer ◽  
Luisa Prochazkova ◽  
Linden Parkes ◽  
Andrew Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

ObjectiveImpulsivity and compulsivity have been implicated as important transdiagnostic dimensional phenotypes with potential relevance to addiction. We aimed to develop a model that conceptualizes these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes and test whether different components of this model explain the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors.MethodsA large sample of adults (N = 487) was recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and completed self-report questionnaires measuring impulsivity, intolerance of uncertainty, obsessive beliefs, and the severity of 6 addictive and related behaviors. Hierarchical clustering was used to organize addictive behaviors into homogenous groups reflecting their co-occurrence. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate fit of the hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity and determine the proportion of variance explained in the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors by each component of the model.ResultsAddictive and related behaviors clustered into 2 distinct groups: Impulse-Control Problems, consisting of harmful alcohol use, pathological gambling, and compulsive buying, and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems, consisting of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, binge eating, and internet addiction. The hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity provided the best empirical fit, with 3 uncorrelated factors corresponding to a general Disinhibition dimension, and specific Impulsivity and Compulsivity dimensions. These dimensional phenotypes uniquely and additively explained 39.9% and 68.7% of the total variance in Impulse-Control Problems and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems.ConclusionA model of impulsivity and compulsivity that represents these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes has important implications for understanding addictive and related behaviors in terms of shared etiology, comorbidity, and potential transdiagnostic treatments.

scholarly journals Negative Problems Orientation Questionnaire for Chinese Adolescents: Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Xiao ◽  
Rongmao Lin ◽  
Qiaoling Wu ◽  
Saili Shen ◽  
Youwei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Problem Orientation ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Negative Problem Orientation

The Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ) is a widely used tool for assessing negative problem orientation (NPO). However, its construct and measurement invariance has not been adequately tested in adolescents. The present study explored the possible construct of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance in a sample of 754 Chinese adolescents (51.6% girls, all 12–18 years old). The results supported a bifactor model of the NPOQ that consists of a general factor NPO and three domain-specific factors including perceived threat, self-inefficacy, and negative outcome expectancy. A multiple-group CFA indicated that the bifactor model showed strict invariance across gender and age. The general and domain factors showed unique variance in indexes of worry, depression, anxiety, and stress, which supported well incremental validity of them. This study confirms for a bifactor conceptualization of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance across gender and age in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, it is recommended that the total score should be used to assess NPO in Chinese adolescents.

Measuring Positive Mental Health in the Postpartum Period: The Bifactor Structure of the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form in Portuguese Women

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112091024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Monteiro ◽  
Ana Fonseca ◽  
Marco Pereira ◽  
Maria Cristina Canavarro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Short Form ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Explained Common Variance

This study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC-SF) in the postpartum context using a single-factor model, a correlated three-factor model, and a bifactor model. The reliability and validity of the MHC-SF were also examined. The total sample consisted of 882 postpartum Portuguese women. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the bifactor model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the other models. The unidimensionality strength indices (explained common variance = .76, percentage of uncontaminated correlations = .69) and the ω H values supported the general factor of positive mental health, which accounted for 91.5% of the reliable variance in the total score. Additionally, the MHC-SF showed high reliability (ω = .96), and its total and subscale scores were significantly correlated with other measures related to mental health. The results of this study suggest a strong general factor of positive mental health and support the use of its total score in this context.

Examination of a Bifactor Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunmi O. Olatunji ◽  
Chad Ebesutani ◽  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
General Dimension ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

Although obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms are observed along four dimensions (contamination, responsibility for harm, order/symmetry, and unacceptable thoughts), the structure of the dimensions remains unclear. The current study evaluated a bifactor model of OC symptoms among those with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The goals were (a) to evaluate if OC symptoms should be conceptualized as unidimensional or whether distinct dimensions should be interpreted and (b) to use structural equation modeling to examine the convergence of the OC dimensions above and beyond a general dimension with related criteria. Results revealed that a bifactor model fit the data well and that OC symptoms were influenced by a general dimension and by four dimensions. Measurement invariance of the bifactor model was also supported among those with and without OCD. However, the general OC dimension accounted for only half of the variability in OC symptoms, with the remaining variability accounted for by distinct dimensions. Despite evidence of multidimensionality, the dimensions were unreliable after covarying for the general OC dimension. However, the four dimensions did significantly converge with a latent OC spectrum factor above and beyond the general OC dimension. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the structure of OCD are discussed.

scholarly journals Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Keller ◽  
Inken Kirschbaum-Lesch ◽  
Joana Straub
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Specific Factors

The revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is one of the most frequently applied questionnaires not only in adults, but also in adolescents. To date, attempts to identify a replicable factor structure of the BDI-II have mainly been undertaken in adult populations. Moreover, most of the studies which included minors and were split by gender lacked confirmatory factor analyses and were generally conducted in healthy adolescents. The present study therefore aimed to determine the goodness of fit of various factor models proposed in the literature in an adolescent clinical sample, to evaluate alternative solutions for the factor structure and to explore potential gender differences in factor loadings. The focus was on testing bifactor models and subsequently on calculating bifactor statistical indices to help clarify whether a uni- or a multidimensional construct is more appropriate, and on testing the best-fitting factor model for measurement invariance according to gender. The sample comprised 835 adolescent girls and boys aged 13–18 years in out- and inpatient setting. Several factor models proposed in the literature provided a good fit when applied to the adolescent clinical sample, and differences in goodness of fit were small. Exploratory factor analyses were used to develop and test a bifactor model that consisted of a general factor and two specific factors, termed cognitive and somatic. The bifactor model confirmed the existence of a strong general factor on which all items load, and the bifactor statistical indices suggest that the BDI-II should be seen as a unidimensional scale. Concerning measurement invariance across gender, there were differences in loadings on item 21 (Loss of interest in sex) on the general factor and on items 1 (Sadness), 4 (Loss of pleasure), and 9 (Suicidal Thoughts) on the specific factors. Thus, partial measurement invariance can be assumed and differences are negligible. It can be concluded that the total score of the BDI-II can be used to measure depression severity in adolescent clinical samples.

A Bifactor and item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1647-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Molde ◽  
K. M. Hynninen ◽  
T. Torsheim ◽  
A.B. Bendixen ◽  
K. Engedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Scale Properties

ABSTRACTBackground:Due to previously reported mixed findings, there is a need for further empirical research on the factorial structure of the commonly used Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Therefore, the psychometric properties of the GAI and its short form version (GAI-SF) were evaluated in a psychogeriatric mixed in-and-out patient sample (n= 543).Methods:Unidimensionality was tested using a bifactor analysis. Rasch modeling was used to assess scale properties. Sex, cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms were tested for differential item functioning (DIF).Results:The bifactor analysis identified an essential unidimensional (general) factor structure but also specific local factors. The general factor comprises all the 20 items as one factor, and the results showed that the variance in the general and specific factors (subscale) scores is best explained by the single general factor. These findings were demonstrated for both versions of the GAI. Furthermore, the Rasch models identified extensive item overlap, indicating redundant items in the full version of the GAI. The GAI-SF also seems to extract much of the same information as the full form. Test scores and items have the same meaning for older adults across different demographic status.Conclusion:The findings support the use of a total sum score for both GAI and GAI-SF. Notably, when using the GAI-SF, no information is lost, in comparison with the full scale, thus, supporting the option of choosing the short form (version) when considered most appropriate in demanding clinical contexts.

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