Overlapping dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity explain co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors

ObjectiveImpulsivity and compulsivity have been implicated as important transdiagnostic dimensional phenotypes with potential relevance to addiction. We aimed to develop a model that conceptualizes these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes and test whether different components of this model explain the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors.MethodsA large sample of adults (N = 487) was recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and completed self-report questionnaires measuring impulsivity, intolerance of uncertainty, obsessive beliefs, and the severity of 6 addictive and related behaviors. Hierarchical clustering was used to organize addictive behaviors into homogenous groups reflecting their co-occurrence. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate fit of the hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity and determine the proportion of variance explained in the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors by each component of the model.ResultsAddictive and related behaviors clustered into 2 distinct groups: Impulse-Control Problems, consisting of harmful alcohol use, pathological gambling, and compulsive buying, and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems, consisting of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, binge eating, and internet addiction. The hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity provided the best empirical fit, with 3 uncorrelated factors corresponding to a general Disinhibition dimension, and specific Impulsivity and Compulsivity dimensions. These dimensional phenotypes uniquely and additively explained 39.9% and 68.7% of the total variance in Impulse-Control Problems and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems.ConclusionA model of impulsivity and compulsivity that represents these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes has important implications for understanding addictive and related behaviors in terms of shared etiology, comorbidity, and potential transdiagnostic treatments.

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Examination of a Bifactor Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191115601207 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 45-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bunmi O. Olatunji ◽

Chad Ebesutani ◽

Jonathan S. Abramowitz

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Bifactor Model ◽

Model Fit ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

General Dimension ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

Although obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms are observed along four dimensions (contamination, responsibility for harm, order/symmetry, and unacceptable thoughts), the structure of the dimensions remains unclear. The current study evaluated a bifactor model of OC symptoms among those with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The goals were (a) to evaluate if OC symptoms should be conceptualized as unidimensional or whether distinct dimensions should be interpreted and (b) to use structural equation modeling to examine the convergence of the OC dimensions above and beyond a general dimension with related criteria. Results revealed that a bifactor model fit the data well and that OC symptoms were influenced by a general dimension and by four dimensions. Measurement invariance of the bifactor model was also supported among those with and without OCD. However, the general OC dimension accounted for only half of the variability in OC symptoms, with the remaining variability accounted for by distinct dimensions. Despite evidence of multidimensionality, the dimensions were unreliable after covarying for the general OC dimension. However, the four dimensions did significantly converge with a latent OC spectrum factor above and beyond the general OC dimension. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the structure of OCD are discussed.

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Are perceptions of grandparenthood related to family and life satisfaction? A study with emerging adults

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407520981152 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026540752098115

Author(s):

Isabel Miguel ◽

Alexandra M. Araújo ◽

Sandra Fernandes ◽

Luísa Carneiro ◽

Paula Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Emerging Adult ◽

Well Being ◽

Family Satisfaction ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Adult Grandchildren

Given the crucial role that grandparents play in the upbringing and well-being of their grandchildren, research regarding the perceived importance of grandparents for their emerging adult grandchildren is of particular relevance. This study examined the relations between perceived grandparents’ roles and family and life satisfaction in Portuguese emerging adults. Participants (N = 387), aged 18–25, completed a structured self-report questionnaire. Findings of structural equation modeling showed that emerging adults’ perceptions of grandparental roles of counselor, enjoying the relationship, and indulgence are positively related to their family and life satisfaction. The mediation analysis showed that family satisfaction mediated the relation between perceptions of grandparents acting as counselors and the life satisfaction of emerging adult grandchildren. Implications of family relationships and grandparenting in the context of emerging adulthood are discussed.

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On the Structure of Affect

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 229 (1) ◽

pp. 24-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadine Wedderhoff ◽

Timo Gnambs ◽

Oliver Wedderhoff ◽

Tanja Burgard ◽

Michael Bošnjak

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Correlation Matrices ◽

The World ◽

Best Fit ◽

Cross National

Abstract. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988 ) is a popular self-report questionnaire that is administered all over the world. Though originally developed to measure two independent factors, different models have been proposed in the literature. Comparisons among alternative models as well as analyses concerning their robustness in cross-national research have left an inconclusive picture. Therefore, the present study evaluates the dimensionality of the PANAS and differences between English and translated versions of the PANAS using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Correlation matrices from 57 independent samples ( N = 54,043) were pooled across subsamples. For both English and non-English samples, a correlated two-factor model including correlated uniquenesses provided the best fit. However, measurement invariance analyses indicated differences in factor loadings between subsamples. Thus, cross-national application of the PANAS might only be justified if measurement equivalence was explicitly tested for the countries at hand.

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Shared leadership and team creativity: a team level mixed-methods study

Team Performance Management ◽

10.1108/tpm-11-2020-0097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Xie ◽

Soo Jeoung Han ◽

Michael Beyerlein ◽

Jiacheng Lu ◽

Lillian Vukin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Shared Leadership ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Research Question ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Team Creativity ◽

Content Type ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Multi Level

Purpose This paper aims to conduct two studies to investigate shared leadership and team creativity (TC) in leaderless short-term project teams (STPTs). Design/methodology/approach To answer the research question, this paper used a multi-level mixed-methods design. This paper analyzed video recordings, transcripts of STPTs’ collaboration and self-report surveys from an international engineering competition. In Study 1, this paper attempted to connect relation-oriented shared leadership (ROSL) and task-oriented shared leadership (TOSL) with TC by coding video recordings. In Study 2, this paper further investigated the proposed positive relationship between shared leadership and TC by surveying a sample of 166 students in 51 teams. Findings In Study 1, this paper found that shared leadership covaries with TC following a similar behavioral pattern. In Study 2, multi-level structural equation modeling results suggested that both TOSL and ROSL are positively correlated with TC. Originality/value In this mixed-methods multi-level research, this paper found that when the team’s shared leadership increases, their TC activity becomes frequent. This paper confirmed the qualitative finding by quantitatively investigated the relationship between shared leadership and creativity at the team level.

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Age-Related Effects on Interoceptive Accuracy, General Interoceptive Sensibility, and Specific Interoceptive Sensibility

European Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1027/2512-8442/a000060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 154-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Nusser ◽

O. Pollatos ◽

D. Zimprich

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Self Report ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Age Related ◽

Physical Diseases ◽

Interoceptive Accuracy ◽

Subjective Belief

Abstract. Background: The current research into interoception distinguishes between interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), the accurate detection of internal sensations (e.g., heartbeats) as measured by performance on objective IAcc tasks, and interoceptive sensibility (IS), the subjective belief concerning one’s own experience of internal sensations as measured either through self-report questionnaires or through one’s confidence in the accuracy during an IAcc task. Aims: As the two measures of IS, however, are usually uncorrelated and show differential relationships to IAcc, we suggest different types of IS, a general IS and a specific IS. Further, based on a growing body of research linking IAcc and IS to physical and mental diseases, the development of interoception across the adult lifespan is of importance. Methods: Using Structural Equation Modeling the present paper investigates the relationships among IAcc assessed by a heartbeat counting task, and the two proposed dimensions of IS in 138 participants ( Mage = 42.67, SDage = 18.77). Furthermore, we examine age-related differences in IAcc, as well as in general and specific IS. Results: In terms of the relationship between the three dimensions, general and specific IS were weakly correlated and exhibited different relationships to IAcc. Further, we found different age effects on the three interoceptive dimensions. Whereas IAcc decreased with age, specific IS tend to increase with age, and general IS remained unaffected by age. Conclusion: The findings provide further empirical support for a dissociation between general and specific IS and raised important questions concerning the relation between interoceptive accuracy and the emergence of physical diseases in older age.

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Data-based ethical decision making, lateral relations, and organizational commitment

Employee Relations ◽

10.1108/er-10-2017-0240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 946-963 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sean Robert Valentine ◽

David Hollingworth ◽

Patrick Schultz

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Organizational Commitment ◽

Information Flow ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Content Type

Purpose Focusing on ethical issues when making organizational decisions should encourage a variety of positive outcomes for companies and their employees. The purpose of this paper is to determine the degree to which data-based ethical decision making, lateral relations and organizational commitment are interrelated in organizations. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from business professionals employed at multiple locations of a financial services firm operating in the USA. Mediation analysis (based on structural equation modeling) was used to test the proposed relationships. Findings Results indicated that employees’ perceptions of data-based ethical decision making were positively related to perceived lateral relations, and that perceived lateral relations were positively related to organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications Given that information was collected using only a self-report questionnaire, common method bias could be an issue. In addition, the study’s cross-sectional design limits conclusions about causality. Another limitation involves the study’s homogenous sample, which decreases the generalizability of the findings. Finally, variable responses could have been impacted by individual frames of reference and other perceptual differences. Practical implications Results suggest that information flow enhancements should support or be consistent with horizontal information flow enhancements, and that together these factors should increase employee commitment. Originality/value Given the dearth of existing research, this interdisciplinary investigation is important because it fills gaps in the management literature. This study is also important because the results could inform decisions regarding the use of data analysis in ethical decisions and lateral forms of organizational structuring to improve work attitudes.

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The relations among empathy, occupational commitment, and emotional exhaustion of nurses

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina43050052 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 425 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Saule Raižiene ◽

Aukse Endriulaitiene

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Self Report ◽

Occupational Commitment ◽

Reactivity Index ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Sample Group ◽

Nursing Experience

The objective of this study was to determine whether empathy and occupational commitment significantly contribute to the emotional exhaustion of nurses. The sample group was 158 nurses from two regional Lithuanian hospitals, who completed self-report measures. A questionnaire consisted of 10 items reflecting empathy appearing on Davis (1983) Indi- vidual Reactivity Index, 4 occupational commitment items from Miller et al. (1988), and 7 emotional exhaustion items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach, Jackson, 1981). Correlation analyses and structural equation modeling were employed to interpret the results. The results showed that nurses’ occupational commitment plays an important role in the degree of emotional exhaustion they experience. Nurses having more empathy are more likely to develop higher occupational commitment. In addition, it was found that higher levels of empathy and occupational commitment of nurses are associated with lower emotional exhaustion. Nurses who stayed in the profession longer developed stronger occupational commitment. Therefore, the conclusion was made that differences in emotional exhaustion among nurses may be explained directly by occupational commitment and indirectly by empathy and nursing experience.

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Cyberchondria severity and quality of life among Lebanese adults: the mediating role of fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress and obsessive–compulsive behavior—a structural equation model approach

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00674-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Clara Rahme ◽

Marwan Akel ◽

Sahar Obeid ◽

Souheil Hallit

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Model ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Background This study highlights the significant association between cyberchondria and quality of life among the Lebanese population in the time of COVID-19. The aim was to assess the association between cyberchondria and quality of life (QOL) of Lebanese community during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the mediating effect of fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress and Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale in this association. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2020 and January 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 449 persons participated in this study by filling the online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine the structural relationship between cyberchondria severity, the mediator (anxiety, stress, depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and fear of COVID-19) and physical/mental QOL. Results Having a university level of education and older age were significantly associated with higher physical QOL scores, whereas higher obsession-compulsion disorder, higher stress and higher anxiety were significantly associated with lower physical QOL scores. Higher anxiety was significantly associated with lower mental QOL scores. The results of the SEM showed that stress, fear of COVID-19 and to a lesser limit OCD, mediated the association between cyberchondria severity and physical QOL, whereas anxiety, stress and fear of COVID-19 mediated the association between cyberchondria severity and mental QOL. Conclusion This research reported interesting results encouraging more exploration of cyberchondria and its association with quality of life during this unique period of the pandemic. However, this virus has altered the lives of individuals all across the world, and the consequences will last for a long time. Along with all of the steps done to stop the development of COVID-19 and improve physical outcomes, mental health requires immediate care. More research is needed to determine the coping techniques people are employing to deal with the pandemic.

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Altruism and Malevolence: Opposite Ends of a Single Dimension

10.31234/osf.io/x3by6 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

William H.B. McAuliffe ◽

Michael E. McCullough ◽

Debra Lieberman

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Standard Measure ◽

Self Report ◽

Sexual History ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Single Dimension ◽

Personality Correlates ◽

History Of

Although the possibility sounds paradoxical, several studies have found that positive and negative regard for others’ welfare are orthogonal and have unique personality correlates. We tested whether this result is an artefact of treating the oft-used self-report altruism scale (SRA) as unidimensional. In a pilot study of students and community-dwelling adults (N = 276, 190 women; Meanage = 21.67, SDage = 7.49), we factor analyzed the SRA. We confirmed its factor structure in a study of Mechanical Turk workers (N = 814; 410 women; Meanage = 36.6, SDage = 11.19). Using an S-1 bifactor model, we created a “gold standard” general altruism factor composed of idiographic, behavioral, and questionnaire measures. We used structural equation modeling to assess how the SRA and the gold standard measure relate to gender, sexual history, and malevolence. The SRA contained three factors across both studies. The factor that accounted for the most variance positively correlated with sadism and psychopathy, a history of uncommitted sex, and being male. The other two SRA factors and the gold standard measure generally evinced the opposite associations. In conclusion, regard for other’s welfare is likely a single dimension of personality with a unified nomological network.

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Exploring Mediators of the Link Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Attempted or Completed Rape in a Mixed Gender College Sample

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/pa-d-19-00058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Vanessa Tirone ◽

Terasa Lillis ◽

Jennifer Katz ◽

Todd Moore

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Attachment Anxiety ◽

Self Report ◽

Survey Study ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Sexual Revictimization ◽

Mixed Gender

Research is needed to better understand risk for sexual revictimization following childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Using single and multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, we examined (a) whether the relation between CSA and attempted or completed rape was mediated by attachment insecurity (either anxiety or avoidance) and sexual motives and (b) whether these models differed significantly by gender. Sexually active college students (920; 59% women, 84% White, 96% heterosexual) were recruited for an Internet-based self-report cross-sectional survey study. About half (49%) of individuals who experienced CSA also experienced victimization since age 14. Thirty-five percent of women and 18% of men reported rape or attempted rape since age 14. In Model 1 attachment anxiety only partially mediated revictimization for women. In Model 2 attachment avoidance did not mediate revictimization. In both models avoidance motives for sex partially mediated revictimization for women and men but this effect was stronger for men. These findings underscore the importance of conducting sexual revictimization research in mixed-gender samples. Our results suggest that rates of men's victimization may be higher than previously assumed, and evaluating gender differences with modeling techniques may help identify variables (i.e., attachment anxiety) that explain the greater prevalence of sexual assault in adulthood among women.

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