A Bifactor and item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1647-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Molde ◽  
K. M. Hynninen ◽  
T. Torsheim ◽  
A.B. Bendixen ◽  
K. Engedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Scale Properties

ABSTRACTBackground:Due to previously reported mixed findings, there is a need for further empirical research on the factorial structure of the commonly used Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Therefore, the psychometric properties of the GAI and its short form version (GAI-SF) were evaluated in a psychogeriatric mixed in-and-out patient sample (n= 543).Methods:Unidimensionality was tested using a bifactor analysis. Rasch modeling was used to assess scale properties. Sex, cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms were tested for differential item functioning (DIF).Results:The bifactor analysis identified an essential unidimensional (general) factor structure but also specific local factors. The general factor comprises all the 20 items as one factor, and the results showed that the variance in the general and specific factors (subscale) scores is best explained by the single general factor. These findings were demonstrated for both versions of the GAI. Furthermore, the Rasch models identified extensive item overlap, indicating redundant items in the full version of the GAI. The GAI-SF also seems to extract much of the same information as the full form. Test scores and items have the same meaning for older adults across different demographic status.Conclusion:The findings support the use of a total sum score for both GAI and GAI-SF. Notably, when using the GAI-SF, no information is lost, in comparison with the full scale, thus, supporting the option of choosing the short form (version) when considered most appropriate in demanding clinical contexts.

Using the Short Form of the MSBS to Assess State Boredom Among Adolescents: Psychometric Evidence by Applying Item Response Theory

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 107319111986465
Author(s):  
Maria Anna Donati ◽  
Elisa Borace ◽  
Edoardo Franchi ◽  
Caterina Primi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
School Students ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
State Boredom ◽  
Psychometric Evidence

The Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS) is widely used, but evidence regarding its psychometric properties among adolescents is lacking. In particular, the functioning of the scale across genders is unknown. As a result, we used item response theory (IRT) to investigate gender invariance of the Short Form of the MSBS (MSBS-SF) among adolescents. Four hundred and sixty-six Italian high school students (51% male; M = 16.7, SD = 1.44) were recruited. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the unidimensionality of the scale, and IRT analyses indicated that the scale was sufficiently informative. Differential item functioning (DIF) across genders showed that only one item had DIF that was both nonuniform and small in size. Additionally, relationships with negative/positive urgency and present/future-oriented time perspectives were found. Overall, this study offers evidence that the MSBS-SF is a valuable and useful scale for measuring state boredom among male and female adolescents.

Geriatric Anxiety Scale: item response theory analysis, differential item functioning, and creation of a ten-item short form (GAS-10)

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Mueller ◽  
Daniel L. Segal ◽  
Brandon Gavett ◽  
Meghan A. Marty ◽  
Brian Yochim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:The Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS; Segal et al. (Segal, D. L., June, A., Payne, M., Coolidge, F. L. and Yochim, B. (2010). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 709–714. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.05.002) is a self-report measure of anxiety that was designed to address unique issues associated with anxiety assessment in older adults. This study is the first to use item response theory (IRT) to examine the psychometric properties of a measure of anxiety in older adults.Method:A large sample of older adults (n = 581; mean age = 72.32 years, SD = 7.64 years, range = 60 to 96 years; 64% women; 88% European American) completed the GAS. IRT properties were examined. The presence of differential item functioning (DIF) or measurement bias by age and sex was assessed, and a ten-item short form of the GAS (called the GAS-10) was created.Results:All GAS items had discrimination parameters of 1.07 or greater. Items from the somatic subscale tended to have lower discrimination parameters than items on the cognitive or affective subscales. Two items were flagged for DIF, but the impact of the DIF was negligible. Women scored significantly higher than men on the GAS and its subscales. Participants in the young-old group (60 to 79 years old) scored significantly higher on the cognitive subscale than participants in the old-old group (80 years old and older).Conclusions:Results from the IRT analyses indicated that the GAS and GAS-10 have strong psychometric properties among older adults. We conclude by discussing implications and future research directions.

scholarly journals Application of S-1 Bifactor Model to Evaluate the Structural Validity of TMMS-24

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7427
Author(s):  
Daniel Ondé ◽  
Jesús M. Alvarado ◽  
Santiago Sastre ◽  
Carolina M. Azañedo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Specific Factors

(1) Background: Recent studies have shown that the internal structure of TMMS-24 can be conceptualized as a bifactor. However, these studies, based exclusively on the evaluation of the fit of the model, fail to show the existence of a general factor of strong emotional intelligence and have neglected the evaluation of the specific factors of attention, clarity and repair. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the degree of determination and reliability of the specific factors of TMMS-24 using a bifactor S-1 model. (2) Methods: We administered TMMS-24 to a sample of 384 students from middle and high schools (58.1% girls; mean age = 15.5; SD = 1.8). (3) Results: The specific TMMS-24 factors are better determined and present a higher internal consistency than the general factor. Furthermore, the bifactor S-1 model shows the existence of a hierarchical relationship between the attention factor and the clarity and repair factors. The S-1 bifactor model is the only one that was shown to be invariant as a function of the sex of the participants. (4) Conclusions: The S-1 bifactor model has proven to be a promising tool for capturing the structural complexity of TMMS-24. Its application indicates that it is not advisable to use the sum score of the items, since it would be contaminated by the attention factor. In addition, this score would not be invariant either, that is, comparisons by sex would be invalid.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Asian Adolescent Depression Scale and Construction of a Short Form: An Item Response Theory Analysis

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chuen Yee Lo ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Alice Wai Yee Kwok ◽  
Wai Chan ◽  
Calais Kin Yuen Chan
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Item Response Theory Analysis ◽  
Full Form

The present study applied item response theory to examine the psychometric properties of the Asian Adolescent Depression Scale and to construct a short form among 1,084 teenagers recruited from secondary schools in Hong Kong. Findings suggested that some items of the full form reflected higher levels of severity and were more discriminating than others, and the Asian Adolescent Depression Scale was useful in measuring a broad range of depressive severity in community youths. Differential item functioning emerged in several items where females reported higher depressive severity than males. In the short form construction, preliminary validation suggested that, relative to the 20-item full form, our derived short form offered significantly greater diagnostic performance and stronger discriminatory ability in differentiating depressed and nondepressed groups, and simultaneously maintained adequate measurement precision with a reduced response burden in assessing depression in the Asian adolescents. Cultural variance in depressive symptomatology and clinical implications are discussed.

Factor Structure and Further Validation of the 20-Item Short Form of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Fergus ◽  
Shawn J. Latendresse ◽  
Kevin D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Control Of Thoughts

A 44-item version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44) put forward by the Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group remains the most widely used version of the OBQ, despite research casting doubt on its factorial validity and the existence of a short form (i.e., OBQ-20). In a large sample of undergraduate students ( n = 1,210), a bifactor model of the OBQ-20, consisting of a general factor and four specific factors (threat, responsibility, importance/control of thoughts, perfectionism/certainty), was supported as the best-fitting model. None of the examined OBQ-44 models provided adequate fit. The bifactor model of the OBQ-20 was retained in two independent samples ( n = 1,342 community adults, n = 319 undergraduate students). The incremental validity of the specific factors of the OBQ-20 beyond the general factor was evidenced across multiple criterion indices, including obsessive–compulsive symptom measures and reactions to a thought-induction task. Results further support use of the OBQ-20.

scholarly journals Factorial Structure and Validity of Depression (PHQ-9) and Anxiety (GAD-7) Scales after Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Ali Teymoori ◽  
Anastasia Gorbunova ◽  
Fardzadeh E. Haghish ◽  
Ruben Real ◽  
Marina Zeldovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Latent Construct

Background: The dimensionality of depression and anxiety instruments have recently been a source of controversy. Objectives and Design: In a European-wide sample of patients after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), we aim to examine the factorial structure, validity, and association of the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) instruments. This study is based on longitudinal observational data. We conducted analyses of factorial structure and discriminant validity of outcomes six-months after TBI. We also examined the prevalence, co-occurrence, and changes of scores on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-TBI assessments. Participants: At six-months post-TBI assessment, 2137 (738 (34.5%) women) participants completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires. For the longitudinal analysis, we had 1922 participants (672 (35.0%) women). Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis suggested a general latent construct underlying both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 measures. Confirmatory factor analyses showed a slight improvement in the fit indices for the bifactorial model. The Omega hierarchical test clearly differentiated two subfactors of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items over and above the underlying general factor; however, most of the variance (85.0%) was explained by the general factor and the explained variance of the subfactors was small. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 performed similarly in detecting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As defined by conventional cut-offs, depression and anxiety have different prevalence rates in the sample. The scales also differed in their relationships with the short form of health survey (SF-36v2) subscales. The longitudinal analysis showed high stability of depression and anxiety symptoms: 49–67% of the post-TBI patients with comorbid depression and anxiety reported the persistence of the symptoms over time. Discussion: The factorial structure analysis favors a general latent construct underlying both depression and anxiety scales among patients after TBI. We discuss the implications our findings and future research directions.

The Whiteley Index–6: An Examination of Measurement Invariance Among Self-Identifying Black, Latino, and White Respondents in Primary Care

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Fergus ◽  
Lance P. Kelley ◽  
Jackson O. Griggs
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Specific Factors

Brief measures that are comparable across disparate groups are particularly likely to be useful in primary care settings. Prior research has supported a six-item short form of the Whiteley Index (WI), a commonly used measure of health anxiety, among English-speaking respondents. This study examined the measurement invariance of the WI-6 among Black ( n = 183), Latino ( n = 173), and White ( n = 177) respondents seeking treatment at a U.S. community health center. Results supported a bifactor model of the WI-6 among the composite sample ( N = 533), suggesting the presence of a general factor and two domain-specific factors. Results supported the incremental validity of one of the domain-specific factors in accounting for unique variance in somatic symptom severity scores beyond the general factor. Multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis supported the configural, metric, ands scalar invariance of the bifactor WI-6 model across the three groups of respondents. Results provide support for the measurement invariance of the WI-6 among Black, Latino, and White respondents. The potential use of the WI-6 in primary care, and broader, settings is discussed.

Psychometric Properties of the German Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ)

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110109
Author(s):  
Carmen Schaeuffele ◽  
Christine Knaevelsrud ◽  
Babette Renneberg ◽  
Johanna Boettcher
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Specific Factors

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) is a 15-item short form of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. This study aimed to investigate psychometric properties of a German translation of the BEAQ in a student and a clinical population. The BEAQ showed high internal reliability and overall acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The BEAQ displayed adequate 7- to 13-day test–retest reliability and captured changes in experiential avoidance when experiential avoidance was targeted in treatment. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a bifactor structure where the BEAQ is modeled as one general and five specific factors that correspond to the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire subscales fit the data adequately. All items (except Item 1 in the clinical population) loaded on the general factor and common variance was approximately equally spread across the general and specific factors. The Distress Endurance subscale was not included in this model, since it is represented by only one item, which showed poor performances and low associations to the BEAQ’s total score in both samples. We recommend further research into the BEAQ’s factor structure to substantiate our preliminary findings.

scholarly journals Do the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Autism Spectrum Quotient Short Form (AQ-S) Primarily Reflect General ASD Traits or Specific ASD Traits? A Bi-Factor Analysis

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Karen McKenzie ◽  
Renate Kuenssberg ◽  
Tom Booth
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Specific Symptoms

In the current study, we fit confirmatory bi-factor models to the items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Autism Spectrum Quotient Short Form (AQ-S) in order to assess the extents to which the items of each reflect general versus specific factors. The models were fit in a combined sample of individuals with and without a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Results indicated that, with the exception of the Attention to Details factor in the AQ and the Numbers/Patterns factors in the AQ-S, items primarily reflected a general factor. This suggests that when attempting to estimate an association between a specific symptom measured by the AQ or AQ-S and some criterion, associations will be confounded by the general factor. To resolve this, we recommend using a bi-factor measurement model or factor scores from a bi-factor measurement whenever hypotheses about specific symptoms are being assessed.

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