The English Version of the Schema Inventory for Children: Psychometric Evaluation of a Measure of Early Maladaptive Schemas in a Primary School-Aged Sample

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110512
Author(s):  
Quincy J. J. Wong ◽  
Kelsie A. Boulton ◽  
Natasha Reyes ◽  
Jin Han ◽  
Michelle Torok
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
English Version ◽  
Negative Automatic Thoughts

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are proposed to be maladaptive ways of thinking and feeling that develop from adverse experiences and basic needs not being met in childhood or adolescence. Once developed, EMSs increase vulnerability to psychopathology. Psychometric evaluations of EMS measures in children are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the English version of the Schema Inventory for Children (SIC) in a community sample of youth aged 8 to 13 years. The SIC and measures of positive and negative automatic thoughts, social phobia symptoms, and depressed mood were administered to participants. Although a correlated 11-factor model was expected for the SIC, the optimal factor structure was a correlated six-factor model. EMS subscales corresponding to these six factors had acceptable internal consistency, and they had positive associations with the measures of negative automatic thoughts, social phobia symptoms, and depressive mood, as well as negative associations with the measure of positive automatic thoughts. These results indicate that EMSs in children may not be as differentiated as they are in adults. The results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the English version of the SIC, justifying its use in contexts requiring the assessment of EMSs in children.

The Role of Cognition in School Refusal: An Investigation of Automatic Thoughts and Cognitive Errors

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Maric ◽  
David A. Heyne ◽  
Peter de Heus ◽  
Brigit M. van Widenfelt ◽  
P. Michiel Westenberg
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Cognitive Constructs ◽  
Cognitive Error ◽  
Youth Anxiety ◽  
Negative Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Negative Cognition

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitions of anxious school refusers. The cognitive constructs under investigation included negative cognition commonly linked to youth anxiety (i.e. negative automatic thoughts and cognitive errors) and positive automatic thoughts. Method: The cognition of school refusers (n = 50) and youth from a community sample (n = 181) was assessed with the Children's Automatic Thoughts Scale-Negative/Positive and the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire-Revised. Results: When controlling for anxiety, school refusers were found to report more negative automatic thoughts concerning personal failure, fewer negative automatic thoughts concerning hostility, and fewer positive automatic thoughts. Negative automatic thoughts concerning personal failure and hostility, and the negative cognitive error of overgeneralizing were found to independently predict school refusal. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of further researching the role of cognition in the development, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety-based school refusal.

Factor Analysis of the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form in a Nonclinical Sample

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Lachenal-Chevallet ◽  
Pierre Mauchand ◽  
Jean Cottraux ◽  
Martine Bouvard ◽  
Robert Martin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
English Version ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Schema Questionnaire

The original version of the Schema Questionnaire (205 items) was developed by Young to measure early maladaptive schemas. The Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF) was designed (Young, 1998) to measure 15 maladaptive schemas and is a shorter instrument (75 items). Factor analytic research with the SQ-SF has supported the schemas proposed by Young (Welburn, Coristine, Dagg, Pontrefact, & Jordan, 2002). The present study examined the psychometric properties of the French version of the SQ-SF in a nonclinical sample (N = 263). The results of the factor analysis revealed 14 interpretable factors, including 13 of the 15 schema subscales proposed by Young. These 14 subscales demonstrated moderate to good internal consistency. These results are in part consistent with previous results based on the English version of the SQ-SF and provided support for the cross-cultural validity of the SQ-SF.

scholarly journals The Psychometric Properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items: A Test in the U.S. General Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangha Lee ◽  
Jihoon Lee ◽  
Soyoung Yoo ◽  
Sooyeon Suh ◽  
Seockhoon Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
English Version ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The U.S

Objectives: Many individuals around the world are suffering from psychological distress due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this study is to explore the validity and reliability of the English version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6), which measures the anxiety response of the general population to the viral epidemic.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study with self-reporting measures was conducted. A total of 314 United States residents were recruited via online platform in exchange for payment. The participants were asked to an anonymous questionnaire, collecting information on demographics, psychiatric history, SAVE-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale.Results: The result from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated that a single-factor model [χ(9)2 = 11.53, p = 0.24] yielded excellent fit for all of indices [χ2/df ratio = 1.28; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00; SRMR = 0.02; RMSEA = 0.03 (0.00, 0.07; 90% CI)] and yielded strong internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.88). The results from multigroup CFAs showed that there were no gender differences [Δχ(6)2 = 3.20, p = 0.78, ns] and no race differences [Δχ(6)2=3.60, p = 0.73, ns] between the models, along with excellent model fits.Conclusions: The results of this study support the reliability and validity of SAVE-6 with strong psychometric properties for the English version of the U.S. population.

Depressive cognition in panic disorder: assessment of negative automatic thoughts

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
M Hautekeete ◽  
D Servant ◽  
S Carton ◽  
C Lamirand ◽  
CH Allard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Negative Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Depressive Cognition

SummaryAlthough panic disorder has been ranked as an ‘anxiety disorder', its close relationship to depression has been suggested in pharmacological and clinical studies. Validation of this hypothesis of similarity between panic and depression requires that their common psychological characteristics be clearly evidenced, especially from the cognitive/emotional standpoint. We assessed 13 depressive themes from Beck's Cognition Checklist, to explore negative automatic thoughts in three groups of patients defined, according to DSM III-R criteria, as: major depression (n = 16), panic disorder (n = 19), social phobia (n = 11). We found a strong similarity in the ordering and regrouping of the depressive themes, between depressive and panic disorder patients, and no similarity with social phobics. These results suggest that panic disorder cognitions may be closer to depressive cognition than social phobia cognition.

scholarly journals Shifting the Focus of One's Attention Mediates Improvement in Cognitive Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Mörtberg ◽  
Asle Hoffart ◽  
Benjamin Boecking ◽  
David M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Negative Automatic Thoughts

Background: Cognitive therapy is an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder but little is known about the mechanisms by which the treatment achieves its effects. Aims: This study investigated the potential role of self-focused attention and social phobia related negative automatic thoughts as mediators of clinical improvement. Method: Twenty-nine patients with social phobia received individual cognitive therapy (ICT) in a randomized controlled trial. Weekly process and outcome measures were analysed using multilevel mediation models. Results: Change from self-focused to externally focused attention mediated improvements in social anxiety one week later. In contrast, change in frequency of, or belief in, negative social phobia related negative automatic thoughts did not predict social anxiety one week later. Conclusions: Change in self-focused attention mediate therapeutic improvement in ICT. Therapists should therefore target self-focused attention.

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