Promoting Persuasion With Ideologically Tailored Science Messages: A Novel Approach to Research on Emphasis Framing

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate T. Luong ◽  
R. Kelly Garrett ◽  
Michael D. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Boomerang Effects ◽  
Science Information

Motivated reasoning in response to disconfirming science information presents a challenging barrier to science communication. This article presents a novel approach to emphasis framing, in which functionally equivalent information is framed using ideologically consistent values and tailored to the audiences. In contrast to traditional framing approaches, science information is held constant across frames and only interpretations of the information are varied. Results from an experiment provide initial support for this ideology-based framing approach. Persuasive effects are stronger for an ideologically congruent frame than for an incongruent frame, and no boomerang effects were observed. We discuss implications and directions for future research.

Cleansing the Attentional Palate: A Preliminary Test of a Novel Approach to Facilitate Disengagement From Rumination

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Eve A. Rosenfeld ◽  
Katherine Kennedy ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
John E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Attentional Demand ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Initial Support

Resource allocation theory suggests that rumination depletes cognitive resources that could be directed toward task-relevant processes. We propose a new approach to the treatment of rumination that specifically targets this misappropriation of cognitive resources, wherein individuals engage in an attentionally demanding task in order to interrupt the ruminative cycle. We argue that this strategy would serve to free cognitive resources from rumination and facilitate performance on other tasks. Thus, the present study served as an initial test of this novel approach. This study employed a within-subjects design, in which participants were 30 college students who completed self-report measures of baseline mood state, anxiety, depression, and trait rumination. Subsequently, they underwent sad mood and rumination inductions followed by random assignment to either a low attentional demand disengagement strategy (DS) followed by a high attentional demand DS or vice versa. Reading comprehension was assessed at baseline and following each of the two DSs. The high attentional demand DS condition was associated with better performance on the reading comprehension task compared to the low attentional demand DS condition. These results provide initial support for our novel approach to targeting rumination and demonstrate that attentionally demanding DSs may successfully free cognitive resources that might otherwise be consumed by rumination. Thus, future research into attentionally demanding DSs that interrupt ruminative cycles is warranted. This approach could be a useful adjunct for interventions targeting disorders driven by rumination, such as depression.

Tracking Comet ISON through the Twittersphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Science Information

People are increasingly turning to the Internet and social media for science-related information and communication. Online social media systems are a convenient source of timely and rapid information, including science-related information; however it is argued that the emergence of social media systems is a fundamentally new development in science communication. A distinguishing characteristic of social media systems is their support for ‘democratic,' user-generated content, and for the public debate and contestation of scientific ideas. The emergence of the online environment as an important source of science information is still comparatively new, as is research to understand how people find and use science information in this setting. This study investigates how information about comet ISON was communicated on the Twitter social media platform. Tweet time sequence visualization and network visualization were found to offer complementary insights into the Twitter data, and to offer a productive methodological approach for future research work.

scholarly journals Public online engagement with science information: on the road to a theoretical framework and a future research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. A05
Author(s):  
Monika Taddicken ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Science Information

Internet technologies and specifically social media have drastically changed science communication. The public no longer merely consume science-related information but participate (for example, by rating and disseminating) and generate their own content. Likewise, scientists are no longer dependent on journalists as gatekeepers to spreading relevant information. This paper identifies and reflects on relevant theoretical strands that help to inform theoretical frameworks and research agendas. Therefore, we discuss the technological structures and resulting affordances, a new knowledge order and its actors, as well as trust and rationality as important constructs.

scholarly journals Analysis of High-Friction Surface Texture with Respect to Friction and Wear

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Cibi Pranav ◽  
Minh-Tan Do ◽  
Yi-Chang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Aggregate Loss ◽  
Friction Surfaces ◽  
The Impact

High Friction Surfaces (HFS) are applied to increase friction capacity on critical roadway sections, such as horizontal curves. HFS friction deterioration on these sections is a safety concern. This study deals with characterization of the aggregate loss, one of the main failure mechanisms of HFS, using texture parameters to study its relationship with friction. Tests are conducted on selected HFS spots with different aggregate loss severity levels at the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Test Track. Friction tests are performed using a Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT). The surface texture is measured by means of a high-resolution 3D pavement scanning system (0.025 mm vertical resolution). Texture data are processed and analyzed by means of the MountainsMap software. The correlations between the DFT friction coefficient and the texture parameters confirm the impact of change in aggregates’ characteristics (including height, shape, and material volume) on friction. A novel approach to detect the HFS friction coefficient transition based on aggregate loss, inspired by previous works on the tribology of coatings, is proposed. Using the proposed approach, preliminary outcomes show it is possible to observe the rapid friction coefficient transition, similar to observations at NCAT. Perspectives for future research are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals A New Model Averaging Approach in Predicting Credit Risk Default

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Paritosh Navinchandra Jha ◽  
Marco Cucculelli
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Average Technique ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Unbalanced Dataset

The paper introduces a novel approach to ensemble modeling as a weighted model average technique. The proposed idea is prudent, simple to understand, and easy to implement compared to the Bayesian and frequentist approach. The paper provides both theoretical and empirical contributions for assessing credit risk (probability of default) effectively in a new way by creating an ensemble model as a weighted linear combination of machine learning models. The idea can be generalized to any classification problems in other domains where ensemble-type modeling is a subject of interest and is not limited to an unbalanced dataset or credit risk assessment. The results suggest a better forecasting performance compared to the single best well-known machine learning of parametric, non-parametric, and other ensemble models. The scope of our approach can be extended to any further improvement in estimating weights differently that may be beneficial to enhance the performance of the model average as a future research direction.

scholarly journals From Single Cells to Flowers – Biological Complexity Driving Plant Reproductive Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Schwarz ◽  
Manuel Neumann ◽  
Rosario Vega ◽  
Xiaocai Xu ◽  
Letizia Cornaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Plant Reproductive Development

The rise of data science in biology stimulates interdisciplinary collaborations to address fundamental questions. Here, we report the outcome of the first SINFONIA symposium focused on revealing the mechanisms governing plant reproductive development across biological scales. The intricate and dynamic target networks of known regulators of flower development remain poorly understood. To analyze development from the genome to the final floral organ morphology, high-resolution data that capture spatiotemporal regulatory activities are necessary and require advanced computational methods for analysis and modeling. Moreover, frameworks to share data, practices and approaches that facilitate the combination of varied expertise to advance the field are called for. Training young researchers in interdisciplinary approaches and science communication offers the opportunity to establish a collaborative mindset to shape future research.

scholarly journals Credibility of Scientific Information on Social Media: Variation by Platform and Presence of Formal Credibility Cues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Boothby ◽  
Dakota Murray ◽  
Anna Polovick Waggy ◽  
Andrew Tsou ◽  
Cassidy R. Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Science Information

Responding to calls to take a more active role in communicating their research findings, scientists are increasingly using open online platforms, such as Twitter, to engage in science communication or to publicize their work. Given the ease at which misinformation spreads on these platforms it is important for scientists to present their findings in a manner that appears credible. To examine the extent to which the online presentation of science information relates to its perceived credibility, we designed and conducted two surveys on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. In the first survey, participants rated the credibility of science information on Twitter compared with the same information other platforms, and in the second, participants rated the credibility of tweets with modified characteristics: presence of an image, text sentiment, and the number of likes/retweets. We find that similar information about scientific findings is perceived as less credible when presented on Twitter compared to other platforms, and that perceived credibility increases when presented with recognizable features of a scientific article. On a platform as widely distrusted as Twitter, use of these features may allow researchers who regularly use Twitter for research-related networking and communication to present their findings in the most credible formats.

scholarly journals AN EX-ANTE ASSESSMENT OF CITY DISTRIBUTION ALTERNATIVES BASED ON MULTI ACTOR MULTI CRITERIA FRAMEWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4241-4272
Author(s):  
Türkan Müge ÖZBEKLER ◽  
Arzu KARAMAN AKGÜL
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Urban Consolidation

Recently, urban areas face challenges that result from negative externalities of traditional distribution networks. Especially, city actors increasingly suffer from issues as inefficient load factors in operations, traffic volume on roads, and noise pollution. To overcome these problems, modern city distribution patterns integrated with the consolidation strategy have the potential to provide satisfying solutions. Align with city actors’ expectations, alternatives of consolidation-distribution schemes can offer improvements in both economic, social, and environmental issues. In particular, this study aims at an ex-ante evaluation of city distribution alternatives on the typology of consolidation-distribution schemes ensuring win-win solutions to each city actor. This paper adopts Multi Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA) as a novel approach to evaluating different city actors’ objectives and a set of city distribution alternatives comprehensively. The paper results highlight that micro consolidation centre facilities can be more suitable in response to city actors’ expectations among distribution alternatives to urban consolidation centre and mobile depot. Finally, future research in this topic can focus on evaluating distribution alternatives on a sector basis and marketing types such as B2B and B2C.  

scholarly journals How Do Young Adults Engage With Science and Research on Social Media? Some Preliminary Findings and an Agenda for Future Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630511879772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Hargittai ◽  
Tobias Füchslin ◽  
Mike S. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Public Engagement With Science ◽  
Celebrity News ◽  
Science And Research

While considerable research has looked at how people use the Internet for sharing and engaging with various types of content from celebrity news to politics, very little of this work has considered how non-specialists interact with science and research material on social media. This article reviews literature on public engagement with science to note that this area is ripe for research on social-media-based engagement in particular. Drawing on a survey of American young adults’ online experiences, we show that using social media for science and research is at least as likely if not more so as engagement with other topics from similarly serious to lighter domains. We also find that platform matters with young adults much more likely to engage with such content on Facebook rather than on Twitter. We end by proposing more focus on this domain in the area of science communication and work on social media.

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