Evidence that the wider social environment moderates the association between familial liability and psychosis spectrum outcome

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Binbay ◽  
M. Drukker ◽  
K. Alptekin ◽  
H. Elbi ◽  
F. Aksu Tanık ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Full Spectrum

BackgroundFamilial liability to both severe and common mental disorder predicts psychotic disorder and psychotic symptoms, and may be used as a proxy in models examining interaction between genetic risk and the environment at individual and contextual levels.MethodIn a representative general population sample (n=4011) in Izmir, Turkey, the full spectrum of expression of psychosis representing (0) no symptoms, (1) subclinical psychotic experiences, (2) low-impact psychotic symptoms, (3) high-impact psychotic symptoms and (4) full-blown clinical psychotic disorder was assessed in relation to mental health problems in the family (proxy for familial liability) and the wider social environment. Quality of the wider social environment was assessed in an independent sample using contextual measures of informal social control, social disorganization, unemployment and low income, aggregated to the neighbourhood level.ResultsThe association between familial liability to severe mental illness and expression of psychosis spectrum was stronger in more deprived neighbourhoods [e.g. this association increased from β=0.33 (p=0.01) in low-unemployment neighbourhoods to β=0.92 (p<0.001) in high-unemployment neighbourhoods] and in neighbourhoods high in social control, while neighbourhood variables did not modify the association between familial liability to common mental disorder and the psychosis outcome. Neighbourhood variables mediated urbanicity effects.ConclusionsContextual effects may be important in moderating the expression of psychosis liability in populations, representing a specific pathway independent of the link between common mental disorder and psychosis.

Prevalence and determinants of Common Mental Disorder among pregnant women In Debre Berhan town: Highland in Central Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew ◽  
Gashaw Andargie Biks ◽  
Abate Dargie Wubetu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Abstract Introduction: The high prevalence of antenatal mental disorders in Sub-Saharan African countries is poorly understood. Pregnancy and childbirth are gaining recognition as significant risk factors for the development and exacerbation of mental health problems. In low- and lower-middle income countries about one in six pregnant women are experiencing antenatal common mental disorders (CMD). Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) among pregnant women in Debre Berhan town, North Showa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was employed among 569 participants. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews with Amharic version of Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) from seven selected kebeles. Kebeles were selected by simple random sampling and individuals were selected using cluster sampling. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and the level of significance for association was determined with 95% CI and at P- value < 0.05. Result: A total 557 study participants were completed the interview and the prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder was found to be 45.2%. Loss of loved one (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.19–3.27), history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 6.57; 95% CI: 2.17–19.94), unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.15–3.95), nulliparity (AOR = 8.71; 95% CI: 1.58–47.94), one or less ANC consultations (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08–0.64), two-three ANC consultations (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11–0.83) and current obstetric complications (AOR = 4.45; 95% CI: 2.21–8.99) were important factors significantly associated with antenatal common mental disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder (CMD) was high in this study that shows antenatal CMD is significant public health issue that requires a great emphasis. So, early screening and intervention for antenatal CMD should be integrated in primary health care and antenatal care service settings.

scholarly journals Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952093520
Author(s):  
Tyson Whitten ◽  
Kimberlie Dean ◽  
Rebecca Li ◽  
Kristin R. Laurens ◽  
Felicity Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Mental Disorder Diagnosis

Parental history of offending and/or mental illness are risk factors for child maltreatment. However, limited research has directly contrasted the role of maternal versus paternal criminal offending or mental health problems in contributing to earlier contact with the child protection system. In this study we examined the relative contributions of these risk factors in relation to the time to the offspring’s first report to child protection services, or first placement in out of home care (OOHC), using administrative records for a population sample of 71,661 children. Prior paternal offending had a greater independent effect on time to the offspring’s first contact with child protection services (HR = 2.27 [95% CI = 2.14-2.40]) than maternal offending (HR = 1.75 [95% CI = 1.63 -1.87]) or maternal mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.57 -1.77]). By contrast, prior maternal offending (HR = 2.58 [95% CI = 2.26-2.95]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 2.33 [95% CI = 2.05-2.63]) had a greater effect on earlier placement in OOHC, relative to prior paternal offending (HR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.35 -1.88]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.06 [95% CI = 0.94 -1.19]). These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of coordinated government responses across multiple agencies to identify vulnerable children and families who might benefit from early interventions or support services.

Poverty, psychological disorder and disability in primary care attenders in Goa, India

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Jerson Pereira ◽  
Livia Countinho ◽  
Romaldina Fernandes ◽  
John Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Primary Health

BackgroundThis study examined the association of common mental disorders in primary health clinic attenders with indicators of poverty and disability in Goa, India.MethodAdult attenders (n=303) in two primary health clinics were recruited.ResultsThere were 141 (46.5%) cases of common mental disorder. The following were associated with common mental disorder: female gender; inability to buy food due to lack of money; and being in debt. Cases scored significantly higher on all measures of disability. Primary health clinic staff recognised a third of the morbidity but used multiple oral drugs, injectable vitamins and benzodiazepines to treat common mental disorders.ConclusionsPoverty is closely associated with common mental disorder which in turn is associated with deprivation and despair. Primary mental health care priorities in low-income countries need to shift from psychotic disorders which often need specialist care to common mental disorders. Health policy and development agencies need to acknowledge the intimate association of female gender and poverty with these disorders.

scholarly journals Risk factors for common mental disorders in women

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Betty R. Kirkwood ◽  
Sulochana Pednekar ◽  
Helen Weiss ◽  
David Mabey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychological Symptom ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Incident Cases

BackgroundThe determinants of common mental disorders in women have not been described in longitudinal studies from a low-income country.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of 2494 women aged 18 to 50 years, in India. The Revised Clinical Interview Schedule was used for the detection of common mental disorders.ResultsThere were 39 incident cases of common mental disorder in 2166 participants eligible for analysis (12-month rate 1.8%, 95% CI 1.3–2.4%). The following baseline factors were independently associated with the risk for common mental disorder: poverty (low income and having difficulty making ends meet); being married as compared with being single; use of tobacco; experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge; reporting a chronic physical illness; and having higher psychological symptom scores at baseline.ConclusionsProgrammes to reduce the burden of common mental disorder in women should target poorer women, women with chronic physical illness and who have gynaecological symptoms, and women who use tobacco.

scholarly journals Working hours, common mental disorder and suicidal ideation among junior doctors in Australia: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e033525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Petrie ◽  
Joanna Crawford ◽  
Anthony D LaMontagne ◽  
Allison Milner ◽  
Jessica Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveDespite concern regarding high rates of mental illness and suicide amongst the medical profession, the link between working hours and doctors’ mental health remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between average weekly working hours and junior doctors’ (JDs’) mental health in Australia.Design and participantsA randomly selected sample of 42 942 Australian doctors were invited to take part in an anonymous Beyondblue National Mental Health Survey in 2013, of whom 12 252 doctors provided valid data (response rate approximately 27%). The sample of interest comprised 2706 full-time graduate medical trainees in various specialties, at either intern, prevocational or vocational training stage. Consultants and retired doctors were excluded.Outcome measuresMain outcomes of interest were caseness of common mental disorder (CMD) (assessed using a cut-off of 4 as a threshold on total General Health Questionnaire-28 score), presence of suicidal ideation (SI) (assessed with a single item) and average weekly working hours. Logistic regression modelling was used to account for the impact of age, gender, stage of training, location of work, specialty, marital status and whether JDs had trained outside Australia.ResultsJDs reported working an average of 50.1 hours per week (SD=13.4). JDs who worked over 55 hours a week were more than twice as likely to report CMD (adjusted OR=2.05; 95% CI 1.62 to 2.59, p<0.001) and SI (adjusted OR=2.00; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.81, p<0.001) compared to those working 40–44 hours per week.ConclusionsOur results show that around one in four JDs are currently working hours that are associated with a doubling of their risk of common mental health problems and SI. These findings suggest that management of working hours represents an important focus for workplaces to improve the mental health of medical trainees.

scholarly journals Integration of mental health care into primary care

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chisholm ◽  
S. James ◽  
K. Sekar ◽  
K. Kishore Kumar ◽  
R. Srinivasa Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Low Income Countries

BackgroundTargeting resources on cost-effective care strategies is important for the global mental health burden.AimsTo demonstrate cost–outcome methods in the evaluation of mental health care programmes in low-income countries.MethodFour rural populations were screened for psychiatric morbidity. Individuals with a diagnosed common mental disorder were invited to seek treatment, and assessed prospectively on symptoms, disability, quality of life and resource use.ResultsBetween 12% and 39% of the four screened populations had a diagnosable common mental disorder. In three of the four localities there were improvements over time in symptoms, disability and quality of life, while total economic costs were reduced.ConclusionEconomic analysis of mental health care in low-income countries is feasible and practicable. Our assessment of the cost-effectiveness of integrating mental health into primary care was confounded by the naturalistic study design and the low proportion of subjects using government primary health care services.

Explaining Transitions Over the Hypothesized Psychosis Continuum

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Krabbendam ◽  
Inez Myin-Germeys ◽  
Maarten Bak ◽  
Jim Van Os
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Need For Care ◽  
Psychotic Experience ◽  
Delusional Ideation ◽  
Psychosis Continuum ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: It is crucial to understand the psychological mechanisms that mediate transition from having one or two psychotic symptoms to becoming a patient with a psychotic disorder. This study investigated whether: (i) a delusional interpretation and/or a depressed response to hallucinatory experiences predicts the later onset of clinical psychotic disorder; and (ii) the presence of need for care in relation to psychotic disorder was associated with the use of particular coping strategies. Method: A general population sample of 4672 individuals with no lifetime evidence of any psychotic disorder were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Schedule (CIDI) at baseline and 1 and 3 years later. At year 3, individuals with CIDI evidence of psychotic symptoms were interviewed by clinicians to identify onset of psychotic disorder with need for care. Coping, subjective distress with and perceived control over the psychotic experience were assessed using the Maastricht Assessment of Coping Strategies (MACS). Results: Given the presence of hallucinatory experiences at baseline, the increase in risk on the additive scale of having the psychosis outcome at T2 was higher in the group with delusional ideation at T1 than in those without delusional ideation at T1. Similarly, presence of depressed mood at T1 increased the risk of having the psychosis outcome at T2, but this effect overlapped partly with the risk-increasing effect of delusional ideation. Individuals with a need for care were much more likely to display symptomatic coping, whereas the presence of the other coping types was not different across the groups with and without need for care. Conclusion: Transitions over the psychosis continuum are, at least in part, driven by the emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses to the initial psychotic or psychosis-like experiences. Individuals who react with a delusional interpretation, negative emotional states and/or a symptomatic coping style have an increased risk for developing clinical psychosis.

Income and the midlife peak in common mental disorder prevalence

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Lang ◽  
D. J. Llewellyn ◽  
R. E. Hubbard ◽  
K. M. Langa ◽  
D. Melzer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Income Groups

BackgroundThe prevalence of psychological distress and common mental disorders has been shown to peak in midlife but analyses have ignored the association of poor material circumstances with prevalence. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the midlife prevalence peak occurs only in lower-income households.MethodPooled data were used from the annual Health Survey for England, a nationally representative cross-sectional study, on community-dwelling individuals aged ⩾16 years from years 1997 to 2006 (n=100 457). 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, reported mental illness diagnoses and receipt of relevant medication were assessed in relation to household income and age. Analyses were separated by gender and adjusted for age, ethnicity, smoking, social class, education and co-morbidities.ResultsPrevalence of psychological distress, diagnoses and treatments rose with age until early middle age and declined subsequently. In analyses conducted separately by income categories, this pattern was marked in low-income groups but absent in high-income groups. Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of psychological distress were greatest in midlife; for example, in men aged 45–54 years the odds ratio of receiving psychiatric medication in the lowest income group compared with the highest was 7.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.24–13.27] and in women aged 45–54 years the odds ratio of reporting mental illness was 10.25 (95% CI 6.16–17.05).ConclusionsAn increased prevalence of psychological distress, common mental disorder diagnoses and treatment in midlife is not a universal phenomenon but is found only in those in low-income households. This implies the phenomenon is not inevitable but is potentially manageable or preventable.

scholarly journals Prevalence of common mental disorder and associated factors among mothers of under five year children at Arbaminch Town, South Ethiopia, 2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257973
Author(s):  
Batala Barsisa ◽  
Habtamu Derajew ◽  
Kibrom Haile ◽  
Gebremeskel Mesafint ◽  
Shegaye Shumet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Poor Social Support

Background Common mental disorders are the major public healthproblem that affects mothers with young children. Although there were a number of studies done on maternal mental health problems, they were largely focused on perinatal period. However, there is scarcity of information on the magnitude and correlates of these mental health problems beyond perinatal period and due concern is not given mainly in LMICs including our country. Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorderamong mothers of under-five year children at Arbaminch town, South Ethiopia, 2019. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2019 at Arbaminch town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 776 participants. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess common mental disorder (CMD). Data was coded and entered in EPIDATA3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated to common mental disorder. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Result The prevalence of common mental disorder among mothers with children aged below five years was 36.6% with (95% CI, 33.2, 39.9). Being single/divorced/widowed [AOR = 3.64, 95% CI:(1.47, 8.99), chronic medical illness [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI:(2.10, 5.04)], exposure to two/more stressful events [AOR = 1.62, 95% CI:(1.11, 2.36)], poor social support [AOR = 2.59, 95% CI:(1.62, 4.14)], mothers living with cigarette smoker husband [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI:(1.19, 3.47)], and mothers physically abused by their spouse [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI:(1.49, 3.74)] were factors associated with common mental disorder. Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of common mental disorder was high among mothers with children aged below five years compared to the general population. Being single/divorced/widowed, chronic medicalillness, exposure to two/more stressful events, poor social support, mothers living with cigarette smoker husbandand physically abuse by their spouse were factors associated with common mental disorder. Early detection and management of these maternal mental health problems is vital for mothers’ wellbeing as well as growth and development of children.

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